aspartic acid has been researched along with Schizophrenia in 226 studies
Aspartic Acid: One of the non-essential amino acids commonly occurring in the L-form. It is found in animals and plants, especially in sugar cane and sugar beets. It may be a neurotransmitter.
aspartic acid : An alpha-amino acid that consists of succinic acid bearing a single alpha-amino substituent
L-aspartic acid : The L-enantiomer of aspartic acid.
Schizophrenia: A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "Choline is elevated in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortical regions, suggesting regionally increased membrane turnover or glial activation in schizophrenia." | 9.41 | Meta-analytic evidence of elevated choline, reduced N-acetylaspartate, and normal creatine in schizophrenia and their moderation by measurement quality, echo time, and medication status. ( Maddock, RJ; Smucny, J; Yang, YS; Zhang, H, 2023) |
| "The evidence regarding the association between schizophrenia and the fractions of bilirubin is mixed." | 7.77 | Association between unconjugated bilirubin and schizophrenia. ( Calvin, S; Janish, A; Kanigere, M; Menon, J; Radhakrishnan, R; Srinivasan, K, 2011) |
| "We found elevations in GABA/creatine in the schizophrenia group compared with control subjects [F(1,65) = 4." | 7.76 | Elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in chronic schizophrenia. ( Cohen, BM; McCarthy, J; Ongür, D; Prescot, AP; Renshaw, PF, 2010) |
| " In particular, clozapine appears to act more selectively than typical antipsychotics on the prefrontal region, an area of special relevance in higher cognitive functions and schizophrenia." | 7.74 | The effect of clozapine on neuroimaging findings in schizophrenia. ( Ertugrul, A; Uluğ, B, 2007) |
| "This in vivo (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study examined levels of glutamate, glutamine, and N-acetylaspartate in medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia." | 7.72 | Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS. ( Al-Semaan, Y; Densmore, M; Drost, DJ; Menon, RS; Neufeld, RW; Rajakumar, N; Schaefer, B; Théberge, J; Williamson, PC, 2003) |
| "High caudate choline levels in schizophrenia are not secondary to antipsychotic treatment." | 7.71 | High choline concentrations in the caudate nucleus in antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia. ( Brooks, WM; Bustillo, JR; Hammond, R; Hart, B; Lauriello, J; Petropoulos, H; Rowland, LM, 2002) |
| "Davunetide is a neurotrophic peptide that can enhance cognitive function in animal models of neurodegeneration." | 6.78 | Effects of davunetide on N-acetylaspartate and choline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia. ( Barch, DM; Buchanan, RW; Colibazzi, T; Csernansky, JG; Dong, Z; Girgis, RR; Goff, DC; Harms, MP; Jarskog, LF; Javitt, DC; Kangarlu, A; Keefe, RS; Kegeles, LS; Lieberman, JA; Marder, SR; McEvoy, JP; McMahon, RP; Peterson, BS, 2013) |
| "Choline is elevated in the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortical regions, suggesting regionally increased membrane turnover or glial activation in schizophrenia." | 5.41 | Meta-analytic evidence of elevated choline, reduced N-acetylaspartate, and normal creatine in schizophrenia and their moderation by measurement quality, echo time, and medication status. ( Maddock, RJ; Smucny, J; Yang, YS; Zhang, H, 2023) |
| " While the applications of MRS are numerous, this review has been confined to the use of single voxel spectroscopy in the assessment of five key metabolites and their roles in schizophrenia: N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu) and glutamine (Gln), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutathione (GSH)." | 4.98 | Current Practice and New Developments in the Use of In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Key Metabolites Implicated in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia. ( Dwyer, GE; Grüner, R; Hugdahl, K; Specht, K, 2018) |
| "Compared with HC, schizophrenia patients had lower cognitive performance, higher methionine concentrations, decreased concentrations of glutamic acid, cysteine, aspartic acid, arginine, the ratio of glutamic acid to gamma-aminobutyric acid (Glu/GABA), and DAT availability in the left caudate nucleus (CN) and putamen." | 4.12 | Interactions between dopamine transporter and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-related amino acids on cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. ( Chen, YY; Chou, YH; Liu, MN; Yang, BH; Yang, KC, 2022) |
| "Higher glutamate and glutamine (together: Glx) and lower N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) levels were reported in schizophrenia." | 3.96 | The impact of endurance training and table soccer on brain metabolites in schizophrenia. ( Dechent, P; Ertl-Wagner, B; Falkai, P; Ghaseminejad, F; Hasan, A; Helms, G; Karali, T; Keeser, D; Keller-Varady, K; Malchow, B; Maurus, I; Rauchmann, BS; Schmitt, A; Schneider-Axmann, T; Takahashi, S; Wobrock, T, 2020) |
| "We used a turbo spin echo sequence with magnetization transfer contrast to visualize the substantia nigra and single-voxel proton MRS to quantify levels of N-acetylaspartate, glutamate and glutamine (Glx), and choline in the left substantia nigra of 35 people with schizophrenia and 22 healthy controls." | 3.79 | Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the substantia nigra in schizophrenia. ( Avsar, KB; den Hollander, JA; Kraguljac, NV; Lahti, AC; Reid, MA; White, DM, 2013) |
| "Hippocampal volumetric deficits, increased ratios of hippocampal glutamate and glutamine to creatine (Glx/Cr), and a loss of correlation between hippocampal N-acetylaspartate (NAA)/Cr and Glx/Cr in patients with schizophrenia were found." | 3.79 | Increased hippocampal glutamate and volumetric deficits in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia. ( Kraguljac, NV; Lahti, AC; Reid, MA; White, DM, 2013) |
| "Imaging studies of schizophrenia patients showed fronto-temporal brain volume deficits, while magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of patients and unaffected biological relatives have found a decrement of the neuronal marker N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) in the hippocampus and frontal lobes, and increased choline-containing phospholipids." | 3.77 | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of limbic structures displays metabolite differences in young unaffected relatives of schizophrenia probands. ( Capizzano, AA; Ho, BC; Toscano, JL, 2011) |
| "To observe glutamine and glutamate levels, grey matter volumes and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia followed to 80 months after diagnosis." | 3.77 | Grey matter and social functioning correlates of glutamatergic metabolite loss in schizophrenia. ( Aoyama, N; Densmore, M; Drost, DJ; Manchanda, R; Menon, RS; Neufeld, RW; Northcott, S; Pavlosky, WF; Rajakumar, N; Schaefer, B; Théberge, J; Williamson, PC, 2011) |
| "Glutamate plus glutamine was positively correlated with overall cognitive performance in the schizophrenia group (p = ." | 3.77 | Glutamate as a marker of cognitive function in schizophrenia: a proton spectroscopic imaging study at 4 Tesla. ( Apfeldorf, W; Bustillo, JR; Caprihan, A; Chen, H; Gasparovic, C; Lauriello, J; Mullins, P; Posse, S; Qualls, C, 2011) |
| "The evidence regarding the association between schizophrenia and the fractions of bilirubin is mixed." | 3.77 | Association between unconjugated bilirubin and schizophrenia. ( Calvin, S; Janish, A; Kanigere, M; Menon, J; Radhakrishnan, R; Srinivasan, K, 2011) |
| "We found elevations in GABA/creatine in the schizophrenia group compared with control subjects [F(1,65) = 4." | 3.76 | Elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in chronic schizophrenia. ( Cohen, BM; McCarthy, J; Ongür, D; Prescot, AP; Renshaw, PF, 2010) |
| "Choline and NAA ratio abnormalities determined by thalamic spectroscopy may be related to the pathogenesis of auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia." | 3.74 | Spectroscopic metabolomic abnormalities in the thalamus related to auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. ( Aguilar, EJ; Brotons, O; Celda, B; González, JC; Martí-Bonmati, L; Martínez-Bisbal, MC; Martínez-Granados, B; Sanjuán, J, 2008) |
| "Compared to controls, schizophrenia and bipolar patients presented decreased NAA to creatine ratios, while only the schizophrenia group showed an increase in CSF in the dorsolateral prefrontal region." | 3.74 | Dorsolateral prefrontal N-acetyl-aspartate concentration in male patients with chronic schizophrenia and with chronic bipolar disorder. ( Benito, C; Desco, M; Leal, I; Molina, V; Palomo, T; Rebolledo, R; Reig, S; Sánchez, J; Sanz, J; Sarramea, F, 2007) |
| "The upregulation of the initiating step of the kynurenine pathway was demonstrated in postmortem anterior cingulated cortex from individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder." | 3.74 | Tryptophan breakdown pathway in bipolar mania. ( Kim, YK; Leonard, BE; Myint, AM; Park, SH; Scharpé, S; Steinbusch, HW; Verkerk, R, 2007) |
| "There is an accumulation of evidence for abnormalities in schizophrenia of both the major neurotransmitter systems of the brain - those of GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and glutamate." | 3.74 | The neuronal pathology of schizophrenia: molecules and mechanisms. ( Harte, MK; Reynolds, GP, 2007) |
| " In particular, clozapine appears to act more selectively than typical antipsychotics on the prefrontal region, an area of special relevance in higher cognitive functions and schizophrenia." | 3.74 | The effect of clozapine on neuroimaging findings in schizophrenia. ( Ertugrul, A; Uluğ, B, 2007) |
| "Glutamine/glutamate ratio was significantly higher in ACC and POC in bipolar disorder, but not schizophrenia, compared with healthy control subjects." | 3.74 | Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania. ( Cohen, BM; Jensen, JE; Lundy, M; Öngür, D; Prescot, AP; Renshaw, PF; Stork, C, 2008) |
| "We used in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging ((1)H MRSI) to measure N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), and creatine+phosphocreatine (Cr) in the mediodorsal and anterior thalamus in 22 male patients with schizophrenia and 22 male controls." | 3.73 | N-acetylaspartate reductions in the mediodorsal and anterior thalamus in men with schizophrenia verified by tissue volume corrected proton MRSI. ( Deicken, RF; Feiwell, R; Jakary, A; Vinogradov, S, 2005) |
| "In the anterior cingulate gyrus, patients with schizophrenia and GS showed significant decreases in N-acetyl aspartate/creatine-phosphocreatinine (NAA/Cr), choline/creatine-phosphocreatinine (Cho/Cr) and myoinositol/creatine-phosphocreatinine (ml/Cr) ratios compared with healthy subjects and compared with patients with schizophrenia without GS." | 3.73 | Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the anterior cingulate gyrus, insular cortex and thalamus in schizophrenia associated with idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome). ( Horiguchi, J; Inagaki, T; Kitagaki, H; Miyaoka, T; Mizuno, S; Oda, K; Yasukawa, R, 2005) |
| "This in vivo (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study examined levels of glutamate, glutamine, and N-acetylaspartate in medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia." | 3.72 | Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS. ( Al-Semaan, Y; Densmore, M; Drost, DJ; Menon, RS; Neufeld, RW; Rajakumar, N; Schaefer, B; Théberge, J; Williamson, PC, 2003) |
| " Thalamic and white matter metabolite concentrations (myo-inositol (mI), choline-containing compounds (Cho), total creatine (Cr) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA)) were estimated and corrected for atrophy (CSF) and gray and white matter contributions (GM, WM) by use of image-based voxel segmentation." | 3.71 | Reduced NAA in the thalamus and altered membrane and glial metabolism in schizophrenic patients detected by 1H-MRS and tissue segmentation. ( Auer, DP; Bronisch, T; Grabner, A; Heidenreich, JO; Wetter, TC; Wilke, M, 2001) |
| "High caudate choline levels in schizophrenia are not secondary to antipsychotic treatment." | 3.71 | High choline concentrations in the caudate nucleus in antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia. ( Brooks, WM; Bustillo, JR; Hammond, R; Hart, B; Lauriello, J; Petropoulos, H; Rowland, LM, 2002) |
| "Schizophrenia has been linked to abnormal dopamine function, recently to excessive amphetamine-induced release of striatal dopamine, and also to pathology of prefrontal cortical neurons." | 3.70 | The relationship between dorsolateral prefrontal neuronal N-acetylaspartate and evoked release of striatal dopamine in schizophrenia. ( Adler, C; Bertolino, A; Breier, A; Callicott, JH; Frank, JA; Mattay, VS; Pickar, D; Shapiro, M; Weinberger, DR, 2000) |
| "To examine whether serum excitatory amino acid concentrations change with clozapine treatment and whether these changes correlate with improvement in negative symptoms, serum excitatory amino acids were measured and clinical scales administered in seven subjects with schizophrenia before and after switching from conventional neuroleptics to clozapine." | 3.69 | Clozapine treatment increases serum glutamate and aspartate compared to conventional neuroleptics. ( Amico, ET; Evins, AE; Goff, DC; Shih, V, 1997) |
| "Davunetide is a neurotrophic peptide that can enhance cognitive function in animal models of neurodegeneration." | 2.78 | Effects of davunetide on N-acetylaspartate and choline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia. ( Barch, DM; Buchanan, RW; Colibazzi, T; Csernansky, JG; Dong, Z; Girgis, RR; Goff, DC; Harms, MP; Jarskog, LF; Javitt, DC; Kangarlu, A; Keefe, RS; Kegeles, LS; Lieberman, JA; Marder, SR; McEvoy, JP; McMahon, RP; Peterson, BS, 2013) |
| "We studied 32 minimally treated schizophrenia patients and 21 healthy subjects with single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the frontal and occipital lobes, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum." | 2.73 | Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy during initial treatment with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia. ( Brooks, WM; Bustillo, JR; Hammond, R; Hart, B; Jung, R; Lauriello, J; Qualls, C; Rowland, LM, 2008) |
| "Patients with schizophrenia have a two- to three-fold increased risk of premature death as compared to patients without this disease." | 2.46 | Thalamic nuclear abnormalities as a contributory factor in sudden cardiac deaths among patients with schizophrenia. ( Arida, RM; Cavalheiro, EA; Cysneiros, RM; Gattaz, WF; Schmitt, A; Scorza, FA, 2010) |
| "Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder whose course varies with periods of deterioration and symptomatic improvement without diagnosis and treatment specific for the disease." | 1.56 | The Relationship between the Level of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Metabolites, Brain-Periphery Redox Imbalance, and the Clinical State of Patients with Schizophrenia and Personality Disorders. ( Bryll, A; Karcz, P; Kozicz, T; Krzyściak, W; Pilecki, M; Popiela, TJ; Skrzypek, J; Śmierciak, N; Szwajca, M, 2020) |
| "Schizophrenia is a chronic, often progressive, disorder." | 1.48 | Neurometabolic abnormalities in the associative striatum in antipsychotic-naïve first episode psychosis patients. ( Gonzales, SS; Kraguljac, NV; Lahti, AC; Morgan, CJ; Sivaraman, S; White, DM, 2018) |
| "Schizophrenia is well-known to be associated with hippocampal structural abnormalities." | 1.43 | Metabolic Abnormalities in the Hippocampus of Patients with Schizophrenia: A 3D Multivoxel MR Spectroscopic Imaging Study at 3T. ( Babb, JS; Davitz, MS; Gonen, O; Kirov, II; Lazar, M; Malaspina, D; Meyer, EJ; Tal, A, 2016) |
| "Schizophrenia is a genetically complex syndrome with substantial inter-subject variability in multiple domains." | 1.43 | Prefrontal neuronal integrity predicts symptoms and cognition in schizophrenia and is sensitive to genetic heterogeneity. ( Antonius, D; Berns, A; Chao, MV; Goetz, R; Gonen, O; Harroch, S; Hasan, S; Heguy, A; Kranz, TM; Lazar, M; Malaspina, D; Mazgaj, R; Rothman, K, 2016) |
| "Auditory hallucinations have been shown to be related to defined cortical areas linked to specific language functions." | 1.40 | Magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations of functionally defined language areas in schizophrenia patients with and without auditory hallucinations. ( Boesch, C; Dierks, T; Federspiel, A; Homan, P; Hubl, D; Kreis, R; Strik, W; Van Swam, C; Vermathen, P, 2014) |
| "Auditory hallucinations are one of the central symptoms in schizophrenia." | 1.40 | Study of the inferior colliculus in patients with schizophrenia by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Aguilar, EJ; Celda, B; Marti-Bonmati, L; Martinez-Bisbal, MC; Martinez-Granados, B; Molla, E; Sanjuan, J, 2014) |
| "Schizophrenia is characterized by loss of brain volume, which may represent an ongoing pathophysiological process." | 1.40 | GABA and glutamate in schizophrenia: a 7 T ¹H-MRS study. ( Andreychenko, A; Boer, VO; Bohlken, MM; Cahn, W; Hulshoff Pol, HE; Kahn, RS; Klomp, DW; Luijten, PR; Mandl, RC; Marsman, A, 2014) |
| "Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with familial loading as heritable risk factor and cannabis abuse as the most relevant environmental risk factor up to date." | 1.39 | Effects of cannabis and familial loading on subcortical brain volumes in first-episode schizophrenia. ( Falkai, P; Gruber, O; Hasan, A; Jatzko, A; Malchow, B; Schmitt, A; Schneider-Axmann, T; Wobrock, T, 2013) |
| "Sixty-three first-episode treatment-naïve schizophrenia (FES) patients and 63 age-, gender- and education level-matched healthy controls were recruited." | 1.38 | Detection of metabolites in the white matter of frontal lobes and hippocampus with proton in first-episode treatment-naïve schizophrenia patients. ( Chen, ZF; Collier, DA; Deng, W; He, ZL; Li, ML; Li, T; Ma, X, 2012) |
| "A total of 14 minimally treated schizophrenia patients and 10 healthy subjects were studied with single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) of the AC, frontal white matter and thalamus at 4 T." | 1.36 | 1H-MRS at 4 tesla in minimally treated early schizophrenia. ( Brooks, WM; Bustillo, JR; Chen, H; Hammond, R; Jung, R; Lauriello, J; Mullins, P; Qualls, C; Rowland, LM, 2010) |
| "In recent years, schizophrenia has increasingly been recognized as a neurocognitive disorder, which has led to a growing literature on cognitive rehabilitation, and suggested several potential enhancements to cognitive function." | 1.35 | Learning potential on the WCST in schizophrenia is related to the neuronal integrity of the anterior cingulate cortex as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. ( Arolt, V; Bauer, J; Kölkebeck, K; Kugel, H; Ohrmann, P; Pedersen, A; Rothermundt, M; Siegmund, A; Suslow, T; Wiedl, KH, 2008) |
| "Schizophrenia is associated with significant brain abnormalities, including changes in brain metabolites as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)." | 1.35 | A 1H-MRS investigation of the medial temporal lobe in antipsychotic-naïve and early-treated first episode psychosis. ( Berger, GE; McConchie, M; McGorry, PD; Pantelis, C; Proffitt, T; Velakoulis, D; Wellard, RM; Wood, SJ, 2008) |
| "Schizophrenia is widely considered a neurodevelopmental disorder." | 1.34 | Reduced N-acetyl-aspartate levels in schizophrenia patients with a younger onset age: a single-voxel 1H spectroscopy study. ( Keshavan, MS; MacMaster, FP; Montrose, DM; Nutche, J; Pettegrew, JW; Stanley, JA; Sweeney, JA; Vemulapalli, M, 2007) |
| "Schizophrenia is a disorder with an unclear pathophysiology, despite numerous attempts to elucidate its etiology." | 1.30 | Regional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in schizophrenia and exploration of drug effect. ( Cardwell, D; Heimberg, C; Karson, CN; Komoroski, RA; Lawson, WB, 1998) |
| "Schizophrenia is a complex and severe disorder of unknown cause and pathophysiology." | 1.30 | Gly(247)-->Asp proenkephalin A mutation is rare in schizophrenia populations. ( Barron, YD; McMurray, CT; Mikesell, MJ; Nimgaonkar, VL; Sobell, JL; Sommer, SS, 1997) |
| " The chlorpromazine equivalent neuroleptic dosage was positively correlated with the level of NAA (r = 0." | 1.29 | Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the basal ganglia in patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary report. ( Fujii, K; Hamakawa, H; Inubushi, T; Kato, T; Murashita, J; Shioiri, T; Takahashi, S, 1996) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 3 (1.33) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 40 (17.70) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 88 (38.94) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 77 (34.07) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 18 (7.96) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Ouyang, L | 1 |
| Zheng, W | 1 |
| Ma, X | 2 |
| Yuan, L | 1 |
| He, Y | 4 |
| Chen, X | 5 |
| Smucny, J | 2 |
| Carter, CS | 1 |
| Maddock, RJ | 2 |
| Javitt, DC | 2 |
| Kantrowitz, JT | 1 |
| Wang, Q | 2 |
| Ren, H | 2 |
| Li, C | 3 |
| Li, Z | 3 |
| Li, J | 2 |
| Li, H | 2 |
| Dai, L | 2 |
| Dong, M | 2 |
| Zhou, J | 3 |
| He, J | 2 |
| O'Neill, J | 3 |
| Liao, Y | 3 |
| Liu, T | 1 |
| Tang, J | 3 |
| Yang, KC | 1 |
| Chen, YY | 1 |
| Liu, MN | 1 |
| Yang, BH | 1 |
| Chou, YH | 1 |
| Nasyrova, RF | 2 |
| Khasanova, AK | 2 |
| Altynbekov, KS | 2 |
| Asadullin, AR | 2 |
| Markina, EA | 2 |
| Gayduk, AJ | 2 |
| Shipulin, GA | 2 |
| Petrova, MM | 2 |
| Shnayder, NA | 2 |
| Yang, YS | 1 |
| Zhang, H | 1 |
| Rauchmann, BS | 1 |
| Ghaseminejad, F | 1 |
| Keeser, D | 1 |
| Keller-Varady, K | 1 |
| Schneider-Axmann, T | 5 |
| Takahashi, S | 2 |
| Karali, T | 1 |
| Helms, G | 1 |
| Dechent, P | 1 |
| Maurus, I | 1 |
| Hasan, A | 3 |
| Wobrock, T | 5 |
| Ertl-Wagner, B | 1 |
| Schmitt, A | 4 |
| Malchow, B | 2 |
| Falkai, P | 8 |
| Romeo, B | 1 |
| Petillion, A | 1 |
| Martelli, C | 1 |
| Benyamina, A | 1 |
| Bustillo, JR | 9 |
| Upston, J | 1 |
| Mayer, EG | 1 |
| Jones, T | 4 |
| Maudsley, AA | 2 |
| Gasparovic, C | 5 |
| Tohen, M | 1 |
| Lenroot, R | 1 |
| Kubota, M | 1 |
| Moriguchi, S | 1 |
| Takahata, K | 1 |
| Nakajima, S | 3 |
| Horita, N | 1 |
| Parksepp, M | 1 |
| Leppik, L | 1 |
| Koch, K | 1 |
| Uppin, K | 1 |
| Kangro, R | 1 |
| Haring, L | 1 |
| Vasar, E | 1 |
| Zilmer, M | 1 |
| Bryll, A | 1 |
| Krzyściak, W | 1 |
| Karcz, P | 1 |
| Śmierciak, N | 1 |
| Kozicz, T | 1 |
| Skrzypek, J | 1 |
| Szwajca, M | 1 |
| Pilecki, M | 1 |
| Popiela, TJ | 1 |
| Whitehurst, TS | 1 |
| Osugo, M | 1 |
| Townsend, L | 1 |
| Shatalina, E | 1 |
| Vava, R | 1 |
| Onwordi, EC | 1 |
| Howes, O | 1 |
| Malaspina, D | 6 |
| Lotan, E | 1 |
| Rusinek, H | 1 |
| Perez, SA | 1 |
| Walsh-Messinger, J | 1 |
| Kranz, TM | 2 |
| Gonen, O | 5 |
| Intson, K | 1 |
| Geissah, S | 1 |
| McCullumsmith, RE | 1 |
| Ramsey, AJ | 1 |
| Alon, A | 1 |
| Schmidt, HR | 1 |
| Wood, MD | 1 |
| Sahn, JJ | 1 |
| Martin, SF | 1 |
| Kruse, AC | 1 |
| Reid, MA | 7 |
| Salibi, N | 1 |
| White, DM | 8 |
| Gawne, TJ | 1 |
| Denney, TS | 1 |
| Lahti, AC | 8 |
| Plitman, E | 3 |
| Chavez, S | 2 |
| Iwata, Y | 2 |
| Chung, JK | 2 |
| Caravaggio, F | 2 |
| Kim, J | 2 |
| Alshehri, Y | 1 |
| Chakravarty, MM | 1 |
| De Luca, V | 1 |
| Remington, G | 2 |
| Gerretsen, P | 2 |
| Graff-Guerrero, A | 3 |
| Psomiades, M | 1 |
| Mondino, M | 1 |
| Fonteneau, C | 1 |
| Bation, R | 1 |
| Haesebaert, F | 1 |
| Suaud-Chagny, MF | 1 |
| Brunelin, J | 1 |
| Mihashi, Y | 1 |
| Mimura, M | 1 |
| Kumar, J | 1 |
| Liddle, EB | 1 |
| Fernandes, CC | 1 |
| Palaniyappan, L | 1 |
| Hall, EL | 1 |
| Robson, SE | 1 |
| Simmonite, M | 1 |
| Fiesal, J | 1 |
| Katshu, MZ | 1 |
| Qureshi, A | 1 |
| Skelton, M | 1 |
| Christodoulou, NG | 1 |
| Brookes, MJ | 1 |
| Morris, PG | 1 |
| Liddle, PF | 1 |
| Wang, A | 1 |
| Wang, C | 1 |
| Ramamurthy, J | 1 |
| Zhang, E | 1 |
| Guadagno, E | 1 |
| Trakadis, Y | 1 |
| Sivaraman, S | 1 |
| Kraguljac, NV | 6 |
| Morgan, CJ | 1 |
| Gonzales, SS | 1 |
| Dwyer, GE | 1 |
| Hugdahl, K | 1 |
| Specht, K | 1 |
| Grüner, R | 1 |
| Qualls, C | 6 |
| Chavez, L | 1 |
| Lin, D | 1 |
| Lenroot, RK | 1 |
| Lewandowski, KE | 1 |
| Du, F | 2 |
| Fan, X | 1 |
| Huynh, P | 1 |
| Öngür, D | 6 |
| Avsar, KB | 3 |
| den Hollander, JA | 3 |
| Bracken, BK | 1 |
| Rouse, ED | 2 |
| Renshaw, PF | 5 |
| Olson, DP | 2 |
| Tandon, N | 1 |
| Bolo, NR | 1 |
| Sanghavi, K | 1 |
| Mathew, IT | 1 |
| Francis, AN | 1 |
| Stanley, JA | 4 |
| Keshavan, MS | 4 |
| Errico, F | 1 |
| Napolitano, F | 1 |
| Squillace, M | 1 |
| Vitucci, D | 1 |
| Blasi, G | 1 |
| de Bartolomeis, A | 1 |
| Bertolino, A | 12 |
| D'Aniello, A | 1 |
| Usiello, A | 1 |
| Granata, F | 1 |
| Pandolfo, G | 1 |
| Vinci, S | 1 |
| Alafaci, C | 1 |
| Settineri, N | 1 |
| Morabito, R | 1 |
| Pitrone, A | 1 |
| Longo, M | 1 |
| Demjaha, A | 1 |
| Egerton, A | 1 |
| Murray, RM | 1 |
| Kapur, S | 1 |
| Howes, OD | 1 |
| Stone, JM | 3 |
| McGuire, PK | 2 |
| Natsubori, T | 1 |
| Inoue, H | 1 |
| Abe, O | 2 |
| Takano, Y | 1 |
| Iwashiro, N | 1 |
| Aoki, Y | 1 |
| Koike, S | 1 |
| Yahata, N | 1 |
| Katsura, M | 1 |
| Gonoi, W | 1 |
| Sasaki, H | 1 |
| Takao, H | 1 |
| Kasai, K | 3 |
| Yamasue, H | 3 |
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| Soares, JC | 1 |
| Innis, RB | 1 |
| Lewis, DA | 2 |
| Esposito, G | 1 |
| Van Horn, JD | 1 |
| Berman, KF | 1 |
| Adler, C | 1 |
| Shapiro, M | 1 |
| Pickar, D | 1 |
| Kodama, S | 1 |
| Doi, W | 1 |
| Sato, D | 1 |
| Johnson, C | 2 |
| Soher, B | 1 |
| Benali, K | 1 |
| Abadie, P | 1 |
| Vasse, T | 1 |
| Courthéoux, P | 1 |
| Eliaz, Y | 1 |
| Koshimoto, Y | 1 |
| Kado, H | 1 |
| Ishimori, Y | 1 |
| Ito, H | 1 |
| Wada, Y | 1 |
| Shungu, DC | 1 |
| Anjilvel, S | 1 |
| Chan, S | 1 |
| Ellis, SP | 1 |
| Xanthopoulos, E | 1 |
| Gorman, JM | 1 |
| Mann, JJ | 1 |
| Laruelle, M | 1 |
| Kaufmann, CA | 1 |
| Mellers, J | 1 |
| Toone, B | 1 |
| Trimble, M | 1 |
| Bayer, TA | 1 |
| Rietschel, M | 1 |
| Müller, DJ | 1 |
| Schulze, TG | 1 |
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| Tibbo, P | 1 |
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| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Relationship Between the Efficacy of Lumateperone and Central Glutamate and Dopaminergic Metabolism: A Comparison With Risperidone in First Episode Psychosis[NCT05890768] | Phase 4 | 35 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2023-05-11 | Recruiting | ||
| Glutamate, Brain Connectivity and Duration of Untreated Psychosis[NCT02034253] | 134 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2014-01-31 | Completed | |||
| A Randomised Controlled Double Blind Crossover Study of the Effect of a Single Dose of N-acetylcysteine Versus Placebo on Brain Glutamate in Patients With Psychotic Disorders[NCT02483130] | 20 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2015-06-30 | Completed | |||
| Effect of Sarcosine on Symptomatology, Quality of Life, Cognitive and Sexual Functioning, Blood Levels of Sarcosine, Glycine, BDNF and MMP-9, Oculomotor, Brain Metabolism and Oxidative Stress Parameters in Schizophrenia.[NCT01503359] | Phase 2 | 70 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2012-01-31 | Completed | ||
| Pilot Study of Glycine Augmentation in Carriers of a Mutation in the Gene Encoding Glycine Decarboxylase[NCT01720316] | Phase 2 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2012-12-10 | Completed | ||
| Imaging Framework for Testing GABAergic/Glutamatergic Drugs in Bipolar Alcoholics[NCT03220776] | Phase 2 | 54 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-08-07 | Completed | ||
| Targeting a Genetic Mutation in Glycine Metabolism With D-cycloserine[NCT02304432] | Early Phase 1 | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2015-09-27 | Completed | ||
| Exercise Training in Depressed Traumatic Brain Injury Survivors[NCT01805479] | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-02-28 | Withdrawn (stopped due to Unable to enroll participants. Sponsor requested study closure.) | |||
| The Impacts of Yoga and Aerobic Exercise on Neuro-cognitive Function and Symptoms in Early Psychosis - A Single-blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT01207219] | 140 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2010-11-30 | Completed | |||
| Physical Exercise Effects on Determinants of Social Integration in Schizophrenia[NCT02716584] | 53 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2016-09-01 | Completed | |||
| Exercise Promotes Neuroplasticity in Depressed and Healthy Brains: An fMRI Pilot Study[NCT03191994] | 40 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2014-01-02 | Recruiting | |||
| Enhancing Synaptic Plasticity and Cognition by Physical Exercise and Cognitive Training in Schizophrenia: A Randomised Controlled Trial[NCT01776112] | 66 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-31 | Completed | |||
| Tracking Outcomes in Psychosis[NCT02882204] | 168 participants (Anticipated) | Observational | 2016-03-01 | Recruiting | |||
| Dietary Supplement N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a Novel Complementary Medicine to Improve Cognitive Disfunction in Schizophrenia[NCT01885338] | Phase 1 | 26 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2013-06-30 | Completed | ||
| Examining the Effects of Estradiol on Neural and Molecular Response to Rewards in Perimenopausal-Onset Anhedonia and Psychosis[NCT05282277] | Phase 4 | 103 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2022-04-20 | Recruiting | ||
| Effect of rTMS Over the Medial Cerebellum on Negative Symptoms and Cognitive Dysmetria in Subjects With Treatment Refractory Schizophrenia[NCT02242578] | 2 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-01-24 | Terminated (stopped due to IRB approval expired and study ceased.) | |||
| Vortioxetine Monotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder in Type 2 Diabetes: Role of Inflammation, Kynurenine Pathway, and Structural and Functional Brain Connectivity as Biomarkers[NCT03580967] | Phase 4 | 0 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2019-07-01 | Withdrawn (stopped due to COVID-19 Pandemic interfered with Pt recruitment) | ||
| The Effects of Glycine Transport Inhibition on Brain Glycine Concentration[NCT00538070] | 68 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2007-08-31 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
Auditory evoked potentials amplitude: P50 ratio (S2/S1). Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) |
|---|---|
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) Baseline: Subject 2 | 44.51 |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 35.67 |
Auditory evoked potentials amplitude: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz; P50 S1 and S2 amplitude; mismatch negativity (MMN) at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | microvolts (Number) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 amplitude at fz | P300 amplitude at cz | P300 amplitude at pz | N100 amplitude at fz | N100 amplitude at cz | P200 amplitude at fz | P200 amplitude at cz | P50 S1 amplitude | P50 S2 amplitude | MMN amplitude at fz | MMN amplitude at cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 3.74 | 6.6 | 5.57 | -4.71 | -3.89 | 6.29 | 7.8 | 2.2 | 0.78 | -1.004 | -1.322 |
| Auditory ERPs Amplitude (Deg) Baseline: Subject 2 | -0.635 | 6.53 | 5.34 | -3.93 | -3.62 | 1.662 | 6.59 | 2.76 | 1.23 | -3.356 | -4.13 |
Auditory evoked potentials gamma: G40 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G20 hz phase locking response at fz and cz G30 hz phase locking response at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | microvolts squared (Number) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G40 fz | G40 cz | G20 fz | G20 cz | G30 fz | G30 cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Gamma 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 0.255 | 0.29 | 0.107 | 0.108 | 0.177 | 0.242 |
| Auditory ERPs Gamma Baseline: Subject 2 | 0.135 | 0.168 | 0.023 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.163 |
Auditory evoked potentials latency: P300 at fz, cz, and pz); N100 at fz and cz); P200 at fz and cz. Participants were assessed at baseline and in week of open-label glycine treatment. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Recordings at baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | msec (Number) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 latency at fz | P300 latency at cz | P300 latency at pz | N100 latency at fz | N100 latency at cz | P200 latency at fz | P200 latency at cz | |
| Auditory ERPs Latency (ms) 6 Weeks of Glycine: Subject 2 | 300.78 | 293 | 294.92 | 94 | 94 | 205 | 203 |
| Auditory ERPs Latency (ms) Baseline: Subject 2 | 279.3 | 279.3 | 279.3 | 97.66 | 91.8 | 197.27 | 193.4 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy GABA/Cr. Participants were assessed 1) pre-glycine treatment (baseline) and 2) in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: Baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline GABA/Cr | Week 6 of glycine tx GABA/Cr | |
| Subject1: Brain GABA/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.16 | 0.22 |
| Subject2: Brain GABA/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.27 | 0.24 |
magnetic resonance spectroscopy - glutamate metabolite level. Participants were assessed 1) pre-glycine treatment and in week 6 of open-label glycine treatment. Measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and week 6 of glycine
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline brain glutamate/Cr ratio | Week 6 brain glutamate/Cr ratio | |
| Subject1: Brain Glutamate/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.98 | 0.84 |
| Subject2: Brain Glutamate/CR Ratio- Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 2.053 | 1.13 |
magnetic resonance spectroscopy: glycine/creatine ratio. Participants were assessed at 1) BASELINE PRE-GLYCINE TREATMENT: pre-glycine challenge drink, 60 minutes post challenge drink, 80 minutes post challenge drink, 100 minutes post challenge drink, and 120 minutes post challenge drink (0.4 g/kg up to max of 30 g); and 2) IN WEEK 6 OF OPEN-LABEL GLYCINE TREATMENT: pre-glycine dose, and 60 minutes, 80 minutes, 100 minutes and 120 minutes post daily dose of glycine. Measured in posterior occipital cortex (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline (pre-challenge, 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes post-challenge), and week 6 of glycine (pre-dose and 60, 80, 100, 120 minutes post-dose
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline - pre-challenge drink | Baseline 60 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 80 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 100 minutes post challenge drink | Baseline 120 minutes post challenge drink | Week 6 of glycine - pre-glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 60 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 80 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 100 minutes post glycine dose | Week 6 of glycine - 120 minutes post glycine dose | |
| Subject 2:Brain Glycine/CR Ratio at Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.5691 | 0.3918 | 0.6428 | 0.6363 | 0.9559 | 0.3235 | 0.3807 | 0.5591 | 0.4142 | 0.3545 |
| Subject1: Brain Glycine/CR Ratio at Baseline/Week 6 of Glycine | 0.2558 | 0.6157 | 0.6631 | 0.5938 | 0.6953 | 0.6573 | 0.2983 | 0.4577 | 0.5751 | 0.3842 |
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within and after each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BPRS at baseline | BPRS at 2 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS at 4 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS at 6 weeks intervention 1 | BPRS, end of washout1 | BPRS at 2 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS at 4 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS at 6 weeks intervention 2 | BPRS, end of washout2 | BPRS at 2 weeks open label | BPRS at 4 weeks open label | BPRS at 6 weeks open label | BPRS, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 39 | 38 | 32 | 21 | 22 | 37 | 31 | 37 | 32 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 19 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 46 | 38 | 39 | 28 | 34 | 32 | 20 | 23 | 24 | 20 | 18 | 19 | 23 |
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: CGI at baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks per treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CGI severity score at baseline | CGI severity score at 2 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score at 4 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score at 6 weeks intervention 1 | CGI severity score, end of washout1 | CGI severity score at 2 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score at 4 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score at 6 weeks intervention 2 | CGI severity score, end of washout2 | CGI severity score at 2 weeks open label | CGI severity score at 4 weeks open label | CGI severity score at 6 weeks open label | CGI severity score, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 4 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 |
Clinical Global Impression (CGI) therapeutic effect scores measure degree of improvement as marked (1), moderate (5), minimal (9) or unchanged/worse (13). (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | score (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks intervention 1 | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout1 | CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks intervention 2 | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout2 | CGI therapeutic effect at 2 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect at 4 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect at 6 weeks open label | CGI therapeutic effect, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 13 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Hamilton Depression Scale measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of ratings for 9 depression symptoms are measured on a scale from 0-2 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for 1 depression symptom is measured on a scale from 0-3 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms are measured on a scale from 0-4 with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression symptoms at baseline | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Depression symptoms, end of washout1 | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Depression symptoms, end of washout2 | Depression symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Depression symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Depression symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Depression symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 18 | 17 | 11 | 3 | 1 | 19 | 5 | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 12 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
Plasma glycine levels; normal range is 122-467 nM/mL (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: At baseline, during glycine treatment, during placebo treatment and during open-label glycine
| Intervention | nM/mL (Number) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Glycine double-blind | Placebo | Glycine open-label | |
| Glycine Then Placebo | 216 | 410 | 194 | 516 |
| Placebo Then Glycine | 271 | 761 | 347 | 634 |
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale from 0-4 and the sum of 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale from 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Manic symptoms at baseline | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Manic symptoms, end of washout1 | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Manic symptoms, end of washout2 | Manic symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Manic symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Manic symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Manic symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 17 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 7 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Scores on each of 8 domains of cognitive function (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning/problem solving, social cognition, overall composite). Scores are T scores ranging from 0-100, with 50 representing the mean for a population based on a normal distribution; standard deviation of 10. Only overall composite score is entered. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: At baseline, during glycine treatment, during placebo treatment and during open-label glycine
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| Participant 1 | Participant 2 | |
| Baseline | 45 | 48 |
| Composite Score on Glycine, Double-blind | 52 | 52 |
| Composite Score on Glycine, Open-label | 49 | 46 |
| Composite Score on Placebo | 52 | 55 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms are measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT01720316)
Timeframe: baseline and at 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks within each treatment period and after each treatment period
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive symptoms at baseline | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 1 | Positive symptoms, end of washout1 | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks intervention 2 | Positive symptoms, end of washout2 | Positive symptoms at 2 weeks open label | Positive symptoms at 4 weeks open label | Positive symptoms at 6 weeks open label | Positive symptoms, end of washout3 | |
| Glycine, Then Placebo | 13 | 12 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 12 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 7 | 7 |
| Placebo, Then Glycine | 19 | 20 | 19 | 13 | 13 | 12 | 10 | 11 | 11 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 8 |
Concentrations of GABA+, referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (i.e., MEGA-PRESS). (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition
| Intervention | mmol/kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | 3.90 |
| Gabapentin | 3.93 |
| Placebo Oral Tablet | 3.73 |
Concentrations of Glx (i.e., glutamate + glutamine), referenced to unsuppressed water and corrected for within-voxel CSF proportion, in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex measured via Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. (NCT03220776)
Timeframe: Day 5 of each experimental condition
| Intervention | mmol/kg (Mean) |
|---|---|
| N-Acetylcysteine | 21.59 |
| Gabapentin | 21.69 |
| Placebo Oral Tablet | 22.25 |
Auditory evoked potential amplitude: P50 ratio (P50 S2/S1) (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | ratio (Number) | |
|---|---|---|
| P50 ratio: Baseline | P50 ratio: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 44.51 | 30 |
Auditory evoked potential amplitude: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz; P50 S1 and S2; mismatch negativity (MMN) at fz and cz. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | microvolts (Number) | |||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 at fz: Baseline | P300 at cz: Baseline | P300 at pz: Baseline | N100 at fz: Baseline | N100 at cz: Baseline | P200 at fz: Baseline | P200 at cz: Baseline | P50 S1: Baseline | P50 S2: Baseline | MMN at fz: Baseline | MMN at cz: Baseline | P300 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at pz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P50 S1: Week 8 of DCS | P50 S2: Week 8 of DCS | MMN at fz: Week 8 of DCS | MMN at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | -0.635 | 6.529 | 5.340 | -3.926 | -3.615 | 1.662 | 6.591 | 2.759 | 1.23 | -3.356 | -4.130 | 3.030 | 6.810 | 6.620 | -3.260 | -3.940 | 8.200 | 8.160 | 1.36 | 0.4 | -3.330 | -1.540 |
Auditory evoked potential gamma: G40 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G30 hz phase locking at fz and cz; G20 hz phase locking at fz and cz (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | microvolts squared (Number) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G40 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G40 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G30 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G30 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G20 hz phase locking at fz: Baseline | G20 hz phase locking at cz: Baseline | G40 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G40 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | G30 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G30 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | G20 hz phase locking at fz: Week 8 of DCS | G20 hz phase locking at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 0.135 | 0.168 | 0.190 | 0.163 | 0.023 | 0.030 | 0.344 | 0.381 | 0.168 | 0.19 | 0.01 | -0.01 |
Auditory evoked potential latency: P300 at fz, cz, and pz; N100 at fz and cz; P200 at fz and cz. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | msec (Number) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P300 at fz: Baseline | P300 at cz: Baseline | P300 at pz: Baseline | N100 at fz: Baseline | N100 at cz: Baseline | P200 at fz: Baseline | P200 at cz: Baseline | P300 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P300 at pz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | N100 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at fz: Week 8 of DCS | P200 at cz: Week 8 of DCS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 279.297 | 279.297 | 279.297 | 97.656 | 91.797 | 197.266 | 193.359 | 294.920 | 294.000 | 294 | 87.9 | 88.000 | 212.890 | 212.000 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 4T: brain glycine/CR ratio. Participants were assessed at baseline (pre-glycine challenge dose and 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes post glycine dose) and in week 8 of of open-label DCS treatment: pre-DCS dose, and 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes post DCS dose. Measured in posterior occipital cortex. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of DCS treatment
| Intervention | ratio (Median) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Baseline at 60 minutes | Baseline at 80 minutes | Baseline at 100 minutes | Baseline at 120 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: Baseline | Week 8 of DCS: 60 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 80 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 100 minutes | Week 8 of DCS: 120 minutes | |
| Open Label DCS | 0.41245 | 0.50375 | 0.65295 | 0.61505 | 0.8256 | 0.10977 | 0.248885 | 0.32609 | 0.32052 | 0.312155 |
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline BPRS | 2 weeks BPRS | 4 weeks BPRS | 6 weeks BPRS | 8 weeks BPRS | 10 weeks BPRS | 12 weeks BPRS | 14 weeks BPRS | 16 weeks BPRS | 18 weeks BPRS | 20 weeks BPRS | 22 weeks BPRS | 24 weeks BPRS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 37 | 25 | 26 | 24 | 24.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 31.5 | 30.5 | 28 | 25.5 | 26 | 26.5 | 26 | 25.5 | 28.5 | 27 | 25 | 24.5 | 26.5 |
Total BPRS score measures severity of 18 psychiatric symptoms. Each symptom is scored 1-7 with the total score ranging from 18-126. 18 means no symptoms and 126 means very severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline BPRS for first intervention | 2 weeks BPRS for first intervention | 4 weeks BPRS for first intervention | 6 weeks BPRS for first intervention | Baseline BPRS for second intervention | 2 weeks BPRS for second intervention | 4 weeks BPRS for second intervention | 6 weeks BPRS for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 26 | 25 | 25 | 26 | 39 | 45 | 45 | 38 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 29 | 35 | 33 | 35 | 36 | 30 | 27 | 28 |
CGI severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline CGI | 2 weeks CGI | 4 weeks CGI | 6 weeks CGI | 8 weeks CGI | 10 weeks CGI | 12 weeks CGI | 14 weeks CGI | 16 weeks CGI | 18 weeks CGI | 20 weeks CGI | 22 weeks CGI | 24 weeks CGI | |
| First Open Label DCS | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 2.5 | 2 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
CGI severity scores measure severity of mental illness on a scale of 1-7 where 1 means normal, not at all ill, 2 means borderline mentally ill, 3 means mildly ill, 4 means moderately ill, 5 means markedly ill, 6 means severely ill and 7 means among the most extremely ill patients. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline CGI for first intervention | 2 weeks CGI for first intervention | 4 weeks CGI for first intervention | 6 weeks CGI for first intervention | Baseline CGI for second intervention | 2 weeks CGI for second intervention | 4 weeks CGI for second intervention | 6 weeks CGI for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 1 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM) measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 9 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-2 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for one depression symptom is measured on a scale of 0-3 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-4, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. Higher scores indicate worse depression symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HAM | 2 weeks HAM | 4 weeks HAM | 6 weeks HAM | 8 weeks HAM | 10 weeks HAM | 12 weeks HAM | 14 weeks HAM | 16 weeks HAM | 18 weeks HAM | 20 weeks HAM | 22 weeks HAM | 24 weeks HAM | |
| First Open Label DCS | 5 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 1.5 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3.5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM) measures severity of depression symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 9 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-2 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 2 meaning some level of severity of that specific symptom. The rating for one depression symptom is measured on a scale of 0-3 with 0 meaning no depression symptoms and 3 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The sum of ratings for 11 depression symptoms is measured on a scale of 0-4, with 0 meaning no symptoms and 4 meaning a severe level of that specific symptom. The three sums are added to produce an overall depression rating scale score ranging from 0-65. Higher scores indicate worse depression symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline HAM for first intervention | 2 weeks HAM for first intervention | 4 weeks HAM for first intervention | 6 weeks HAM for first intervention | Baseline HAM for second intervention | 2 weeks HAM for second intervention | 4 weeks HAM for second intervention | 6 weeks HAM for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 12 | 9 | 2 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 4 | 5 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-4 and the sumof 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline YMRS | 2 weeks YMRS | 4 weeks YMRS | 6 weeks YMRS | 8 weeks YMRS | 10 weeks YMRS | 12 weeks YMRS | 14 weeks YMRS | 16 weeks YMRS | 18 weeks YMRS | 20 weeks YMRS | 22 weeks YMRS | 24 weeks YMRS | |
| First Open Label DCS | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) measures severity of manic symptoms. The sum of the ratings for 7 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-4 and the sumof 4 symptoms of mania is measured on a scale of 0-8 to yield a total score ranging from 0-60, with 0 meaning no manic symptoms and 60 meaning severe manic symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline YMRS for first intervention | 2 weeks YMRS for first intervention | 4 weeks YMRS for first intervention | 6 weeks YMRS for first intervention | Baseline YMRS for second intervention | 2 weeks YMRS for second intervention | 4 weeks YMRS for second intervention | 6 weeks YMRS for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Scores on each of 8 domains of cognitive function (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning/problem solving, social cognition, overall composite). Scores are T scores ranging from 0-100, with 50 representing the mean for a population based on a normal distribution, standard deviation of 10. Higher scores signify better functioning. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline and Week 8 of open-label DCS treatment
| Intervention | T scores (Median) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline Processing Speed | Baseline Attention/Vigilance | Baseline Working Memory | Baseline Verbal Learning | Baseline Visual Learning | Baseline Reasoning/Problem Solving | Baseline Social Cognition | Baseline Overall Composite Score | Week 8 of open-label DCS Processing Speed | Week 8 of open-label DCS Attention/Vigilance | Week 8 of open-label DCS Working Memory | Week 8 of open-label DCS Verbal Learning | Week 8 of open-label DCS Visual Learning | Week 8 of open-label DCS Reasoning/Problem Solving | Week 8 of open-label DCS Social Cognition | Week 8 of open-label DCS Overall Composite Score | |
| Open Label DCS | 48.5 | 44.5 | 38.5 | 54 | 50.5 | 52.5 | 48 | 46.5 | 52.5 | 47.5 | 50.5 | 43.5 | 54.5 | 66.5 | 44.5 | 51.5 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms.The sum of ratings for seven negative symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline & at 2, 4, 6 & 8 Weeks during open-label phase 1 and every 2 weeks up to 24 weeks during open label phase 2
| Intervention | units on a scale (Median) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline positive | Baseline negative | 2 weeks positive | 2 weeks negative | 4 weeks positive | 4 weeks negative | 6 weeks positive | 6 weeks negative | 8 weeks positive | 8 weeks negative | 10 weeks positive | 10 weeks negative | 12 weeks positive | 12 weeks negative | 14 weeks positive | 14 weeks negative | 16 weeks positive | 16 weeks negative | 18 weeks positive | 18 weeks negative | 20 weeks positive | 20 weeks negative | 22 weeks positive | 22 weeks negative | 24 weeks positive | 24 weeks negative | |
| First Open Label DCS | 14.5 | 14.5 | 10 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 9 | 12 | 9 | 12 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Second Open Label DCS | 11 | 14 | 11 | 14 | 10.5 | 13.5 | 9 | 13 | 9.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 13 | 11 | 12 | 10 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 10.5 | 12 | 9.5 | 12 | 10 | 12 |
Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) measures positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The sum of ratings for seven positive symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms.The sum of ratings for seven negative symptoms is measured on a scale from 7-49 with 7 meaning no symptoms and 49 meaning severe symptoms. (NCT02304432)
Timeframe: Baseline, 2, 4, & 6 weeks (crossover periods)
| Intervention | units on a scale (Number) | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline positive for first intervention | Baseline negative symptoms for first intervention | 2 weeks positive for first intervention | 2 weeks negative for first intervention | 4 weeks positive for first intervention | 4 weeks negative for first intervention | 6 weeks positive for first intervention | 6 weeks negative for first intervention | Baseline positive for second intervention | Baseline negative for second intervention | 2 weeks positive for second intervention | 2 weeks negative for second intervention | 4 weeks positive for second intervention | 4 weeks negative for second intervention | 6 weeks positive for second intervention | 6 weeks negative for second intervention | |
| DCS First, Then Placebo | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 15 | 18 | 14 | 18 |
| Placebo First, Then DCS | 11 | 9 | 12 | 15 | 11 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 | 10 | 11 | 9 | 11 | 9 | 11 |
"measured by Letter Cancellation test Q score. The basic version of the task consists of six 52-character rows in which the target character is randomly interspersed approximately 18 times in each row. Subjects were asked to cancel the letter C and E as quickly as possible. The time to completion, number of error and omission items were recorded. A quality of search index (Q), developed by Geldmacher et al., was applied for the analysis. Q is the ratio of correct number to total number of targets multiplied by the ratio of correct number per second. Higher Q scores represent more efficient performance and better attention and concentration. Q scores could range from 0 (worst possible outcome) to 1 (best possible outcome)." (NCT01207219)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Correct number per second (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Aerobic Exercise | 0.71 | 0.77 |
| Waitlist Control Group | 0.74 | 0.73 |
| Yoga Therapy | 0.76 | 0.84 |
PANSS total score is computed by summing the scores of positive, negative and general symptom subscores. The range of PANSS total score is from 30 to 210, range of PANSS positive and negative subscores is from 7 to 49, range of PANSS general symptoms subscore is from 16 to 112, with higher values representing worse outcome. CDS total score is computed by summing the scores of nine items of the scale. The range of CDS total score is from 0 to 27, with higher values representing worse outcome. (NCT01207219)
Timeframe: Baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | units on a scale (Mean) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PANSS total score-Baseline | PANSS total score-12 weeks | PANSS positive subscore-Baseline | PANSS positive subscore-12 weeks | PANSS negative subscore-Baseline | PANSS negative subscore-12 weeks | PANSS general symptoms-Baseline | PANSS general symptoms-12 weeks | CDS-Baseline | CDS-12 weeks | |
| Aerobic Exercise | 46.8 | 39.5 | 9.7 | 8.3 | 11.2 | 9.7 | 25.9 | 21.6 | 3.4 | 1.7 |
| Waitlist Control Group | 45.4 | 49.0 | 9.8 | 10.0 | 11.2 | 12.6 | 24.5 | 26.4 | 3.7 | 4.3 |
| Yoga Therapy | 46.9 | 37.4 | 9.9 | 8.4 | 11.0 | 8.7 | 26.0 | 20.3 | 3.6 | 1.7 |
Total number of corrected encoded words in the first three trials in the random condition of Hong Kong List Learning test. (NCT01207219)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | correctly encoded words (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Aerobic Exercise | 22.0 | 28.8 |
| Waitlist Control Group | 22.7 | 24.8 |
| Yoga Therapy | 22.8 | 29.5 |
The total number of correctly recalled words after short-term (10 minutes) and long-term (30 minutes) delay in the random condition of Hong Kong List Learning test. (NCT01207219)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | correctly recorded words (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Aerobic Exercise | 15.1 | 21.0 |
| Waitlist Control Group | 14.5 | 16.6 |
| Yoga Therapy | 14.9 | 19.4 |
measured by Digit Span backwards test. In this test, the subject was asked to recall a series of numbers in reverse order. The correctly recalled series were scored as 1, and the test contains 14 sequences of numbers. The range of working memory score is from 0 to 14, with higher values representing better outcome. (NCT01207219)
Timeframe: baseline and 12 weeks
| Intervention | Scores on a scale (Mean) | |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 12 weeks | |
| Aerobic Exercise | 6.8 | 9.4 |
| Waitlist Control Group | 7.1 | 7.7 |
| Yoga Therapy | 6.8 | 8.5 |
BDNF concentration will be quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (R&D Systems). The value will be expressed in ng/ml. (NCT02716584)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to the 12-week endpoint assessment
| Intervention | ng/ml (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Physical Exercise | -1.04 |
| Stretching Exercise | -7.31 |
Raw scores (i.e., total scores) for the following tests will be transformed to z-scores: attention (CPT-IP), speed of processing (BACS symbol coding), working memory (WAIS-IV letter-number sequencing test), verbal learning (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised), and executive control (AX-CPT). The outcome measure is the mean z-score. The composite z-score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A z-score of 0 is equal to the mean of the overall sample of study participants. Negative numbers indicate values lower than other study participants and positive numbers indicate values higher than other study participants. (NCT02716584)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to the 12-week endpoint assessment
| Intervention | z-score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Physical Exercise | .01 |
| Stretching Exercise | .06 |
Raw scores (i.e., total scores) for the following tests will be transformed to z-scores: emotion perception (Facial Emotion Identification Test), social perception (Half-Profile of Nonverbal Sensitivity; PONS), theory of mind (The Awareness of Social Inference Test; TASIT - Part 2), empathy (empathic accuracy test). The outcome measure is the mean z-score. The composite z-score indicates the number of standard deviations away from the mean. A z-score of 0 is equal to the mean of the overall sample of study participants. Negative numbers indicate values lower than other study participants and positive numbers indicate values higher than other study participants. (NCT02716584)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to the 12-week endpoint assessment
| Intervention | z-score (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Physical Exercise | .06 |
| Stretching Exercise | -.17 |
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) is a measure of psychiatric symptom severity and includes subscale scores for positive and negative symptoms. The outcome score for negative symptoms is calculated by summing the ratings for items measuring blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, and motor retardation; each item is rated on a scale of 1 to 7 with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity; possible range for negative symptoms is 0 to 21 with higher scores representing greater severity of negative symptoms. (NCT02716584)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to the 12-week endpoint assessment
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Physical Exercise | 0.1 |
| Stretching Exercise | 0.1 |
The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) is a measure of psychiatric symptom severity and includes subscale scores for positive and negative symptoms. The outcome score for positive symptoms is calculated by summing the ratings for items measuring hallucinations, unusual thought content, and conceptual disorganization; each item is rated on a scale of 1 to 7 with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity; possible range for positive symptoms is 0 to 21 with higher scores representing greater severity of positive symptoms. (NCT02716584)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to the 12-week endpoint assessment
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Physical Exercise | -1.2 |
| Stretching Exercise | -1.2 |
Positive and Negative Affect Scale is a measure of an individual's positive and negative affect. The scale includes 32 items; 16 denote positive affect and 16 denote negative affect. Each item is rated on a scale of 1 (very slightly or not at all) to 5 (extremely). The total score for PANAS negative affect is calculated by summing the ratings for items denoting negative affect. Scores range from 16 to 80; lower scores represent better levels of negative affect. (NCT02716584)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to the 12-week endpoint assessment
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Physical Exercise | 3.8 |
| Stretching Exercise | 2.6 |
Positive and Negative Affect Scale is a measure of an individual's positive and negative affect. The scale includes 32 items; 16 denote positive affect and 16 denote negative affect. Each item is rated on a scale of 1 (very slightly or not at all) to 5 (extremely). The total score for PANAS positive affect is calculated by summing the ratings for items denoting positive affect. Scores range from 16 to 80; higher scores represent better positive affect. (NCT02716584)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to the 12-week endpoint assessment
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Physical Exercise | -5.6 |
| Stretching Exercise | -8.9 |
Birchwood Social Functioning Scale is a measure of social functioning. The total score for social functioning is calculated by summing the raw scores from each of the seven subscales (social engagement, interpersonal communication, independence - performance, independence - competence, recreation, prosocial behavior, employment); possible range is 0 to 223 with higher scores representing better social functioning. (NCT02716584)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 12 week endpoint assessment
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Physical Exercise | 3.7 |
| Stretching Exercise | -2.5 |
Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) is a measure of speed of information processing. The total score for speed of processing (i.e., cognition) is calculated by summing the number of symbol-code pairs completed correctly on the BACS Symbol Coding test within the allotted 90 second time limit. Scores range from 0 to 110 with higher scores representing better information processing speed. (NCT02716584)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 12-week endpoint assessment
| Intervention | score on a scale (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Physical Exercise | -0.4 |
| Stretching Exercise | 2.3 |
Measure of aerobic capacity (VO2max) is derived by using a regression formula based on age, weight, sex, and time to complete walking of one mile. Because scores are derived using a regression equation, there is no absolute minimum or maximum value; higher scores represent better aerobic capacity. (NCT02716584)
Timeframe: Change from baseline to 12-week endpoint assessment
| Intervention | ml.kg-1.min-1 (Mean) |
|---|---|
| Physical Exercise | 4.0 |
| Stretching Exercise | 0.2 |
26 reviews available for aspartic acid and Schizophrenia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; D-Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophreni | 2022 |
The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; D-Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophreni | 2022 |
The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; D-Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophreni | 2022 |
The Role of D-Serine and D-Aspartate in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; D-Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophreni | 2022 |
Meta-analytic evidence of elevated choline, reduced N-acetylaspartate, and normal creatine in schizophrenia and their moderation by measurement quality, echo time, and medication status.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Diseases; Choline; Creatine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophr | 2023 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies in subjects with high risk for psychosis: A meta-analysis and review.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proton Mag | 2020 |
Treatment effects on neurometabolite levels in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophren | 2020 |
Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of N-acetyl Aspartate in Chronic Schizophrenia, First Episode of Psychosis and High-Risk of Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Choline; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Psychotic Disorders; Schizop | 2020 |
A role for endothelial NMDA receptors in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizophrenia | 2022 |
Neurometabolite levels in antipsychotic-naïve/free patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia | 2018 |
Metabolomics in patients with psychosis: A systematic review.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; | 2018 |
Current Practice and New Developments in the Use of In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Assessment of Key Metabolites Implicated in the Pathophysiology of Schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Humans; Magnetic Reso | 2018 |
T2 relaxation effects on apparent N-acetylaspartate concentration in proton magnetic resonance studies of schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Reproducibility of Results; Schizophr | 2013 |
Thalamic nuclear abnormalities as a contributory factor in sudden cardiac deaths among patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Epilepsy; Glutamine; Humans; Prefrontal | 2010 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and illness stage in schizophrenia--a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Disease Progression; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Magnetic | 2011 |
MR spectroscopy in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurotransmitte | 2011 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal lobe in schizophrenics: a critical review of the methodology.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; | 2004 |
N-acetyl-aspartate levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the early years of schizophrenia are inversely related to disease duration.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Female; | 2005 |
Measurement of brain metabolites by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Schizophrenia; Tritium | 2005 |
Central N-acetyl aspartylglutamate deficit: a possible pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Dipeptides; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Models, Neurological; Receptors, N | 2005 |
What have we learned from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy about schizophrenia? A critical update.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; H | 2006 |
In vivo NMR measures of NAA and the neurobiology of schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cerebrovascular C | 2006 |
[Advances in neurobiological understanding of schizophrenia. Perspectives for new therapeutic concepts].
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Carrier Proteins; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease Model | 2006 |
The biological basis of schizophrenia: new directions.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cholecystokinin; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Entorhinal Cortex; | 1997 |
Neurochemical brain imaging investigations of schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Glutamic Acid; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Magnetic | 1999 |
Specific relationship between prefrontal neuronal N-acetylaspartate and activation of the working memory cortical network in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Memory; Models, | 2000 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the human brain in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectr | 2000 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) studies of schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Chronic Disease; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Hydrogen; Magnetic Resonance | 2001 |
Interactions between glutamatergic and monoaminergic systems within the basal ganglia--implications for schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Anticonvulsants; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Biogenic Amines; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Dizoc | 1990 |
15 trials available for aspartic acid and Schizophrenia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
N-Acetyl-Aspartate in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in men with schizophrenia and auditory verbal hallucinations: A 1.5 T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Hallucinations; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectrosc | 2018 |
Supplementation of antipsychotic treatment with sarcosine – GlyT1 inhibitor – causes changes of glutamatergic (1)NMR spectroscopy parameters in the left hippocampus in patients with stable schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Double-Blind Method; Fema | 2015 |
In vivo occipital-frontal temperature-gradient in schizophrenia patients and its possible association with psychopathology: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Ag | 2008 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
Hippocampal plasticity in response to exercise in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Exercise; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic | 2010 |
High energy phosphate abnormalities normalize after antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia: a longitudinal 31P MRS study of basal ganglia.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Basal Gang | 2010 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of brain metabolite changes after antipsychotic treatment.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Diagnostic and Statistical Manua | 2011 |
Effects of davunetide on N-acetylaspartate and choline in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Cognition; Creatine; Female; Functi | 2013 |
The effect of risperidone on metabolite measures in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe, and thalamus in schizophrenic patients. A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS).
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabolism; Female; Frontal Lo | 2005 |
[Comparison of right thalamus and temporal cortex metabolite levels of drug-naive first-episode psychotic and chronic schizophrenia in patients].
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mal | 2006 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy during initial treatment with antipsychotic medication in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Choli | 2008 |
Hippocampal neuronal dysfunction in schizophrenia as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectros | 1998 |
Regionally specific neuronal pathology in untreated patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnet | 1998 |
Hippocampal N-acetyl aspartate in unaffected siblings of patients with schizophrenia: a possible intermediate neurobiological phenotype.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Choline; Creatine; Family; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic R | 1998 |
The effect of treatment with antipsychotic drugs on brain N-acetylaspartate measures in patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonan | 2001 |
A fully automated method for tissue segmentation and CSF-correction of proton MRSI metabolites corroborates abnormal hippocampal NAA in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Image Processing, | 2002 |
185 other studies available for aspartic acid and Schizophrenia
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Abnormal neurobiochemical metabolites in the first
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spec | 2021 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic evidence of increased choline in the dorsolateral prefrontal and visual cortices in recent onset schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Magnetic Resonan | 2022 |
The glutamate/N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) model of schizophrenia at 35: On the path from syndrome to disease.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Receptors, Glutamate; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Schizop | 2022 |
Metabolite differences in the medial prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia patients with and without persistent auditory verbal hallucinations: a
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Hallucinations; Humans; Prefrontal Cortex; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sc | 2022 |
Interactions between dopamine transporter and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor-related amino acids on cognitive impairments in schizophrenia.
Topics: Amino Acids; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Cognitive Dysfunction; Corpus Striatum; Cysteine; Dopamine; Do | 2022 |
Correlation between abnormal N-acetyl-aspartate levels in posterior cingulate cortex and persistent auditory verbal hallucinations in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; East Asian People; Gyrus Cinguli; Hallucinations; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; | 2023 |
The impact of endurance training and table soccer on brain metabolites in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cognition; Creatine; Endurance Training; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutami | 2020 |
Glutamatergic hypo-function in the left superior and middle temporal gyri in early schizophrenia: a data-driven three-dimensional proton spectroscopic imaging study.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; P | 2020 |
Metabolomics approach revealed robust changes in amino acid and biogenic amine signatures in patients with schizophrenia in the early course of the disease.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Antipsychotic Agents; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Biogenic Amines; Chromatography | 2020 |
The Relationship between the Level of Anterior Cingulate Cortex Metabolites, Brain-Periphery Redox Imbalance, and the Clinical State of Patients with Schizophrenia and Personality Disorders.
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Aspartic Acid; Female; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance | 2020 |
Preliminary Findings Associate Hippocampal
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Mania; Middle Aged; Proton Magneti | 2021 |
Identification of the gene that codes for the σ
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Carrier Proteins; Cattle; Cholesterol; Endoplasmic Reticu | 2017 |
7T Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in First-Episode Schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cognitive Dysfunction; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus C | 2019 |
Striatal neurometabolite levels in patients with schizophrenia undergoing long-term antipsychotic treatment: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and reliability study.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine | 2018 |
Glutathione and glutamate in schizophrenia: a 7T MRS study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Glutathione; Gyrus C | 2020 |
Neurometabolic abnormalities in the associative striatum in antipsychotic-naïve first episode psychosis patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Diseas | 2018 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of gray and white matter in bipolar-I and schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies | 2019 |
Role of glia in prefrontal white matter abnormalities in first episode psychosis or mania detected by diffusion tensor spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Diffusion Tensor Im | 2019 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the substantia nigra in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Magn | 2013 |
Brain metabolite alterations in young adults at familial high risk for schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Family Health; Female; | 2013 |
Decreased levels of D-aspartate and NMDA in the prefrontal cortex and striatum of patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure L | 2013 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-MRS) in chronic schizophrenia. A single-voxel study in three regions involved in a pathogenetic theory.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; Choline; Creatine; Female; Humans; Magnetic | 2013 |
Antipsychotic treatment resistance in schizophrenia associated with elevated glutamate levels but normal dopamine function.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Female; | 2014 |
Reduced frontal glutamate + glutamine and N-acetylaspartate levels in patients with chronic schizophrenia but not in those at clinical high risk for psychosis or with first-episode schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Disease Progression; Female; Glutamic Acid; Gluta | 2014 |
Effects of cannabis and familial loading on subcortical brain volumes in first-episode schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Caudate Nucleus; Choline; Cross- | 2013 |
Increased hippocampal glutamate and volumetric deficits in unmedicated patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; Humans; H | 2013 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigations of functionally defined language areas in schizophrenia patients with and without auditory hallucinations.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain Mapping; Broca Area; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Languag | 2014 |
Atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for 6 months restores N-acetylaspartate in left prefrontal cortex and left thalamus of first-episode patients with early onset schizophrenia: A magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age of Onset; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; | 2014 |
Prefrontal glutamate levels differentiate early phase schizophrenia and methamphetamine addiction: a (1)H MRS study at 3Tesla.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphetamine-Related Disorders; Aspartic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Prefrontal C | 2014 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and tissue protein concentrations together suggest lower glutamate signaling in dentate gyrus in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Dentate Gyrus; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Re | 2015 |
Study of the inferior colliculus in patients with schizophrenia by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Chlorpromazine; Choline; Creatine; Female; Hallucination | 2014 |
GABA and glutamate in schizophrenia: a 7 T ¹H-MRS study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic | 2014 |
Investigation of Heschl's gyrus and planum temporale in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Auditory Cortex; Bipolar Disorder; Creatine; Female; Hum | 2015 |
Decoupling of N-acetyl-aspartate and glutamate within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Cingul | 2015 |
N-acetylaspartate reduction in the medial prefrontal cortex following 8 weeks of risperidone treatment in first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia patients.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Female; Follow-Up St | 2015 |
Diffusion in the corpus callosum in patients with early schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Callosum; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Female; Hum | 2015 |
The Paradoxical Relationship between White Matter, Psychopathology and Cognition in Schizophrenia: A Diffusion Tensor and Proton Spectroscopic Imaging Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Cognition Disorders; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Humans; Image Pro | 2015 |
Hypo-metabolism of the rostral anterior cingulate cortex associated with working memory impairment in 18 cases of schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Gliosis; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inositol; Intelligenc | 2016 |
Alterations in frontal white matter neurochemistry and microstructure in schizophrenia: implications for neuroinflammation.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anisotropy; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Diffusion Te | 2015 |
Associations of hippocampal metabolism and regional brain grey matter in neuroleptic-naïve ultra-high-risk subjects and first-episode schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Gray Matter; H | 2015 |
The predictive value of baseline NAA/Cr for treatment response of first-episode schizophrenia: A ¹H MRS study.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Creatine; Female; Hallucina | 2015 |
Glutamatergic dysfunction linked to energy and membrane lipid metabolism in frontal and anterior cingulate cortices of never treated first-episode schizophrenia patients.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; | 2015 |
Elevated Myo-Inositol, Choline, and Glutamate Levels in the Associative Striatum of Antipsychotic-Naive Patients With First-Episode Psychosis: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study With Implications for Glial Dysfunction.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Humans; Inositol; Neurogli | 2016 |
A combined diffusion tensor imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Glutamic Aci | 2016 |
Age-related changes in anterior cingulate cortex glutamate in schizophrenia: A (1)H MRS Study at 7 Tesla.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; gamma-Amin | 2016 |
Prefrontal neuronal integrity predicts symptoms and cognition in schizophrenia and is sensitive to genetic heterogeneity.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cognition; Female; Humans; Intelligence Tests; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mal | 2016 |
Metabolic Abnormalities in the Hippocampus of Patients with Schizophrenia: A 3D Multivoxel MR Spectroscopic Imaging Study at 3T.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Ma | 2016 |
Glutamatergic and Neuronal Dysfunction in Gray and White Matter: A Spectroscopic Imaging Study in a Large Schizophrenia Sample.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gray Ma | 2017 |
Neuroprotective Effect of Modified Electroconvulsive Therapy for Schizophrenia: A Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Electroconvulsive Therapy; Female; Humans; Male; Neuroprotection; Ou | 2017 |
Automatic relevance determination for identifying thalamic regions implicated in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Choline; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Linear Models; M | 2008 |
Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co | 2008 |
Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co | 2008 |
Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co | 2008 |
Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co | 2008 |
Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co | 2008 |
Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co | 2008 |
Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co | 2008 |
Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co | 2008 |
Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission and neuronal-glial interactions in acute mania.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Co | 2008 |
Proton MRS in twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Hippocampus; Humans; Inos | 2010 |
Spectroscopic metabolomic abnormalities in the thalamus related to auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Choline; Creatine; Diagnostic and Statistical | 2008 |
SNAP-25 genotype influences NAA/Cho in left hippocampus.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Choline; DNA; Female; Genotype; Hippocampus; Humans; Magneti | 2008 |
Learning potential on the WCST in schizophrenia is related to the neuronal integrity of the anterior cingulate cortex as measured by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aptitude; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Female; Functional Laterality; Gyrus Cin | 2008 |
Metabolite changes and gender differences in schizophrenia using 3-Tesla proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS).
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; | 2009 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the frontal, cingulate and perirolandic cortices and its relationship to skin conductance in patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine | 2008 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects with high genetic risk of schizophrenia: investigation of anterior cingulate, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Choline; Creatine; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; M | 2009 |
[Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of the hippocampus in schizophrenia patients before and after surgery].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Hippocampus; Huma | 2009 |
MR spectroscopic evaluation of N-acetylaspartate's T2 relaxation time and concentration corroborates white matter abnormalities in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Dipeptides; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Aci | 2009 |
Striatal metabolic alterations in non-psychotic adolescent offspring at risk for schizophrenia: a (1)H spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Aspartic Acid; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Cohort Studies; Corpus Striatum; Creatine | 2009 |
Genetic loss of D-amino acid oxidase activity reverses schizophrenia-like phenotypes in mice.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Binding Sites; Carrier Proteins; D-A | 2010 |
1H-MRS at 4 tesla in minimally treated early schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Gyrus Ci | 2010 |
T2 relaxation time abnormalities in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Female; Humans; Magnet | 2010 |
Schizophrenia-related endophenotypes in heterozygous neuregulin-1 'knockout' mice.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagoni | 2010 |
Comparison of brain N-acetylaspartate levels and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels between patients with first-episode schizophrenia psychosis and healthy controls.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Brain Chemistry; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; | 2011 |
N-acetyl aspartate concentration in the anterior cingulate cortex in patients with schizophrenia: a study of clinical and neuropsychological correlates and preliminary exploration of cognitive behaviour therapy effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Child; Choline; Cognition Disorders; Cogniti | 2010 |
Interaction of hippocampal volume and N-acetylaspartate concentration deficits in schizophrenia: a combined MRI and 1H-MRS study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Sp | 2010 |
Assessments of function and biochemistry of the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Brain Mapping; Creatine; Female; Gyrus | 2010 |
Elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in chronic schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Female; | 2010 |
Thalamic neurochemical abnormalities in individuals with prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia - relationship to auditory event-related potentials.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Fem | 2010 |
Differential regional N-acetylaspartate deficits in postmortem brain in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain; Depressive Disorder, Major; Dipeptides; Female; Human | 2011 |
Glutamate as a marker of cognitive function in schizophrenia: a proton spectroscopic imaging study at 4 Tesla.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Brain; Cognition Disorders; Female; Glutamic Acid; Gl | 2011 |
[Hemodynamic and biochemical characteristics of the prefrontal cortex after the first episode of juvenile schizophrenia].
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Creatine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; | 2010 |
1 H-MR spectroscopy in ultra-high risk and first episode stages of schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Chi-Square Distributio | 2011 |
Association between unconjugated bilirubin and schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Bilirubin; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Hyperbi | 2011 |
Association of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor val66met polymorphism with magnetic resonance spectroscopic markers in the human hippocampus: in vivo evidence for effects on the glutamate system.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Creatine; Female; Genetic | 2012 |
Grey matter and social functioning correlates of glutamatergic metabolite loss in schizophrenia.
Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic | 2011 |
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of limbic structures displays metabolite differences in young unaffected relatives of schizophrenia probands.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Choline; Family; Female; Huma | 2011 |
Multivoxel proton MR spectroscopy used to distinguish anterior cingulate metabolic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Image | 2011 |
N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG) and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Dipeptides; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectros | 2013 |
N-acetylcysteine normalizes neurochemical changes in the glutathione-deficient schizophrenia mouse model during development.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Alanine; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Disease Models, Animal; Free Radic | 2012 |
Detection of metabolites in the white matter of frontal lobes and hippocampus with proton in first-episode treatment-naïve schizophrenia patients.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Fema | 2012 |
Water and metabolite transverse T2 relaxation time abnormalities in the white matter in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Diffusion Magnetic Res | 2012 |
[Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and diffusion tensor imaging study of first-episode patients with positive symptoms of schizophrenia].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Female; Gyrus | 2012 |
Regional decoupling of N-acetyl-aspartate and glutamate in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Female; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Homeosta | 2012 |
Multimodal analysis of the hippocampus in schizophrenia using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hippocampus; | 2012 |
Neural damage in the lenticular nucleus linked with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia: a preliminary study using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Corpus Striatum; Creatine | 2002 |
1H-MR spectroscopy and gray matter volume of the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Emotions; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Magnetic Resonance | 2002 |
Differences in fMRI and MRS in a monozygotic twin pair discordant for schizophrenia (case report).
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Creatine; Functional Laterality; Hippocampus; Humans; Magneti | 2003 |
Neuroscience. Minor variation in growth-factor gene impairs human memory.
Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Genetic Va | 2003 |
Multiregional 1H-MRSI of the hippocampus, thalamus, and basal ganglia in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Mag | 2003 |
N-acetylaspartate and N-Acetylaspartylglutamate deficits in superior temporal cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a postmortem study.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Autopsy; Biomarkers; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, High Pre | 2003 |
Basal ganglia N-acetylaspartate correlates with the performance in the procedural task 'Tower of Hanoi' of neuroleptic-naive schizophrenic patients.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Humans; Learning; Learning Disabilities; Magnetic Resonance Spe | 2003 |
Selective deficit of hippocampal N-acetylaspartate in antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Case-Control Studies; Creatin | 2003 |
Treatment of schizophrenia with potassium and magnesium aspartates (spartase).
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Humans; Magnesium; Potassium; Schizophrenia | 1963 |
Frontal lobe N-acetylaspartate correlates with psychopathology in schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Fema | 2003 |
Drug-induced parkinsonism in relation to choline-containing compounds measured by 1H-MR spectroscopy in putamen of chronically medicated patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Choline; Chronic Disease; Creati | 2003 |
Glutamate and glutamine in the anterior cingulate and thalamus of medicated patients with chronic schizophrenia and healthy comparison subjects measured with 4.0-T proton MRS.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Dominance, Cerebral; Female; Glutamic A | 2003 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in first episode psychosis and ultra high-risk individuals.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brain Mapping; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Dis | 2003 |
1H MRSI evidence of metabolic abnormalities in childhood-onset schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Mapping; Caudate Nucleus; Child; Choline; Creat | 2004 |
Duration of untreated psychosis vs. N-acetylaspartate and choline in first episode schizophrenia: a 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy study at 4.0 Tesla.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Cell Death; Choline; Cohort Studies; Dominance, Cerebral; F | 2004 |
Relationship between performance on the Stroop test and N-acetylaspartate in the medial prefrontal cortex in deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia: preliminary results.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Cognition Disorders; Humans; Neuropsychological Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Schizophren | 2004 |
Evidence for glutamatergic neuronal dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex in chronic but not in first-episode patients with schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female | 2005 |
Further evidence for altered cerebellar neuronal integrity in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebellum; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy | 2005 |
N-acetylaspartate reductions in the mediodorsal and anterior thalamus in men with schizophrenia verified by tissue volume corrected proton MRSI.
Topics: Adult; Anterior Thalamic Nuclei; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imagin | 2005 |
Comment on "N-acetylaspartate reductions in the mediodorsal and anterior thalamus in men with schizophrenia verified by tissue volume corrected proton MRSI" (Schizophr Res 76, 173-185, 2005).
Topics: Anterior Thalamic Nuclei; Aspartic Acid; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic R | 2006 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the anterior cingulate gyrus, insular cortex and thalamus in schizophrenia associated with idiopathic unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (Gilbert's syndrome).
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Female; Gilbert Disease; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Inos | 2005 |
Effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 genotype on N-acetylaspartate measures in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Creatine; Female; Functional Laterality; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; | 2006 |
Excitatory aminoacid neurotransmitters in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bangladesh; Case-Control Studies; Disease Progression; Excitatory | 2005 |
Quantitative magnetic resonance spectroscopy of schizophrenia: relationship between decreased N-acetylaspartate and frontal lobe dysfunction.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-As | 2006 |
Regulation of NAA-synthesis in the human brain in vivo: Canavan's disease, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Canavan Disease; Child; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Magnetic Res | 2006 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in subjects at risk for schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Female; Frontal Lobe; Gyrus Cinguli; Humans; Interview, Psychological | 2006 |
Cognitive impairment and in vivo metabolites in first-episode neuroleptic-naive and chronic medicated schizophrenic patients: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Chronic Disease; Cognition Disorders; Cre | 2007 |
Regarding "Increased prefrontal and hippocampal glutamate concentration in schizophrenia: evidence from a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study".
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Glutamic Acid; Gyrus Cinguli; Hippocampus; Hu | 2007 |
Prediction of functional outcome 18 months after a first psychotic episode: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Functional Laterality; Hippocamp | 2006 |
No association between dorsolateral prefrontal gray matter deficit and N-acetyl aspartate ratios in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Extracellular Fluid; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance S | 2006 |
Tryptophan breakdown pathway in bipolar mania.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Female; Gyrus Cinguli; Human | 2007 |
Further evidence for altered myelin biosynthesis and glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amidohydrolases; Aspartic Acid; Cadaver; Case-Control Studies; Fatty Acids; Female; Glu | 2007 |
The neuronal pathology of schizophrenia: molecules and mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Corpus Striatum; Disease Models, Animal; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glu | 2007 |
Failure to confirm the association between the FEZ1 gene and schizophrenia in a Japanese population.
Topics: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing; Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Asian People; Aspartic Acid; B | 2007 |
Reduced N-acetyl-aspartate levels in schizophrenia patients with a younger onset age: a single-voxel 1H spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aspartic Acid; Cell Division; Dendrites; Dominance, Cerebral; Female; Frontal L | 2007 |
Relationship between frontal N-acetylaspartate and cognitive deficits in first-episode schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Cognition Disorders; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Male; | 2007 |
N-acetylaspartate (NAA) levels in selected areas of the brain in patients with chronic schizophrenia treated with typical and atypical neuroleptics: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) study.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; | 2007 |
Association study of polymorphisms in the mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier SLC25A12 (aralar) gene with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Case-Control Studies; Female; Genotype; Haplotypes; Humans; L | 2007 |
Dorsolateral prefrontal N-acetyl-aspartate concentration in male patients with chronic schizophrenia and with chronic bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Bipolar Disorder; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Choline; Chronic Disease; Creatine; Fou | 2007 |
The effect of clozapine on neuroimaging findings in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Clozapine; Creatine; Energy | 2007 |
Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in a mouse model of schizophrenia.
Topics: Animals; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatine; Disease Models, Animal; Image Interpretation, Comp | 2008 |
A 1H-MRS investigation of the medial temporal lobe in antipsychotic-naïve and early-treated first episode psychosis.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Frontal Lobe; Functional Late | 2008 |
Altered metabolic integrity of corpus callosum among individuals at ultra high risk of schizophrenia and first-episode patients.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Corpus Callosum; Female; Humans; Image Processing, Compu | 2008 |
Serial proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in a patient with acute carbon monoxide poisoning.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning; Carboxyhemoglobin; Choline; Creatine; Energy Metabo | 1995 |
Analysis of the conserved Asp(114) residue of the dopamine D2 receptor in schizophrenic patients.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Chlorpromazine; Drug Resistance; Humans; Molecular Sequ | 1994 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) of the hippocampal formation in schizophrenia: a pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Female; Functional Laterality; Hippocampus; Humans; Hydrogen; Limbic System; M | 1994 |
Tardive dyskinesia and substrates of energy metabolism in CSF.
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Citric Acid Cycle; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; En | 1995 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the left medial temporal and frontal lobes in chronic schizophrenia: preliminary report.
Topics: Adult; Arousal; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fr | 1995 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of basal ganglia in chronic schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Brain Mapping; Choline; Chronic Disease | 1996 |
Hippocampal age-related changes in schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aging; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Female; Functional Laterali | 1996 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the basal ganglia in patients with schizophrenia: a preliminary report.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Choline; Creatine; Educational Status; Female; Func | 1996 |
An in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of schizophrenia patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Female; Glutamic Acid; Glut | 1996 |
Regionally specific pattern of neurochemical pathology in schizophrenia as assessed by multislice proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Choline; Creatinine; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Sp | 1996 |
Gly(247)-->Asp proenkephalin A mutation is rare in schizophrenia populations.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Enkephalins; Female; Glycine; Humans; Male; Mutation; Protein Precursors; Schizophren | 1997 |
Decreased left frontal lobe N-acetylaspartate in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Cell Count; Choline; Creatine; Female; Funct | 1997 |
In vitro 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of postmortem brains with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cerebellum; Cerebral Co | 1997 |
Deficits of [3H]D-aspartate binding to glutamate uptake sites in striatal and accumbens tissue in patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Corpus Striatum; Female; Frontal Lobe; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Male; Mi | 1997 |
Detection of two new polymorphic sites in the human interleukin-1 beta gene: lack of association with schizophrenia in a French population.
Topics: Adult; Alleles; Amino Acid Substitution; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Exons; Female; France; Gene Freq | 1997 |
Glutamate receptors in the postmortem striatum of schizophrenic, suicide, and control brains.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Autoradiography; Basal Ga | 1997 |
Measurement of glutamate and glutamine in the medial prefrontal cortex of never-treated schizophrenic patients and healthy controls by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Educational Status; Female; Functional Laterality; Glutamic Acid; | 1997 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the anterior cingulate region in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; F | 1997 |
Clozapine treatment increases serum glutamate and aspartate compared to conventional neuroleptics.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Clozapine; Female; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Linear Models; | 1997 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of cortical gray and white matter in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Age of Onset; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Creatine; Educational Status; H | 1998 |
Absence of basal ganglia amino acid neuron deficits in schizophrenia in three collections of brains.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acid Transport System X-AG; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; ATP-Binding Cassette Tr | 1998 |
Markers of glutamatergic neurotransmission and oxidative stress associated with tardive dyskinesia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Biomarkers; Corpus Striatum; Dipeptides; Dopamine Antago | 1998 |
Common pattern of cortical pathology in childhood-onset and adult-onset schizophrenia as identified by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Creatine; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; M | 1998 |
Comparison of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid uptake binding sites in frontal and temporal lobes in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aged; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nipecotic Aci | 1998 |
Regional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in schizophrenia and exploration of drug effect.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Brain; Case-C | 1998 |
The role of prefrontal cortex in the dopaminergic dysregulation of schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Dopamine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Prefrontal Cortex; Presynaptic Ter | 1999 |
The relationship between dorsolateral prefrontal N-acetylaspartate measures and striatal dopamine activity in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Chronic Disease; Corpus Striatum; Creatinine; Dopamine; Fema | 1999 |
A short echo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of the left mesial-temporal lobe in first-onset schizophrenic patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fourier Analys | 1999 |
Reduced hippocampal N-acetylaspartate without volume loss in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cell Death; Chronic Disease; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Magnetic Resonance I | 1999 |
Distributed disturbances in brain structure and function in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Neurological; Neural Pathways | 2000 |
The relationship between dorsolateral prefrontal neuronal N-acetylaspartate and evoked release of striatal dopamine in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Amphetamine; Aspartic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Corpus Striatum; Dopamine; Female; Humans; | 2000 |
Heritability heightens brain metabolite differences in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Female; Genetic Pre | 2000 |
Subtype-associated metabolite differences in the temporal lobe in schizophrenia detected by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain Mapping; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Ino | 1999 |
Effects of age, medication, and illness duration on the N-acetyl aspartate signal of the anterior cingulate region in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Chronic Disease; Clozapine; Creatine; Female; Gyrus Cing | 2000 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the medial prefrontal cortex in patients with deficit schizophrenia: preliminary report.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Cell Count; Creatine; Functional Laterality; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; | 2000 |
Reduced concentrations of thalamic N-acetylaspartate in male patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cell Count; Choline; Creatine; Functional Laterality; Humans; Magnetic Resonan | 2000 |
Thalamic abnormalities in patients with schizophrenia revealed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Creatine; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Magneti | 2000 |
Hippocampal pathology in schizophrenia: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy studies.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Dominance, Cerebral; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamic A | 2000 |
Schizophrenia, temporal lobe epilepsy and psychosis: an in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging study of the hippocampus/amygdala complex.
Topics: Adult; Amygdala; Aspartic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Female; Functional La | 2000 |
Decreased frontal lobe ratio of N-acetyl aspartate to choline in familial schizophrenia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Choline; Female; Frontal Lobe; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imagi | 2000 |
Selective relationship between prefrontal N-acetylaspartate measures and negative symptoms in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; | 2000 |
Physiological dysfunction of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia revisited.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Aspartic Acid; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; | 2000 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of the cerebellum in men with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Cerebellum; Choline; Creatine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Re | 2000 |
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) in schizophrenic subjects and normal controls.
Topics: Adult; Anisotropy; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Magnetic Resonance S | 2001 |
Lower concentration of thalamic n-acetylaspartate in patients with schizophrenia: a replication study.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Choline; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Ma | 2001 |
Reduced NAA in the thalamus and altered membrane and glial metabolism in schizophrenic patients detected by 1H-MRS and tissue segmentation.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Atrophy; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Energy Metabolism; Female; Hu | 2001 |
High choline concentrations in the caudate nucleus in antipsychotic-naive patients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Caudate Nucleus; Choline; Creatine; Dominance, Cerebral; Female; Humans; Magne | 2002 |
Functioning and neuronal viability of the anterior cingulate neurons following antipsychotic treatment: MR-spectroscopic imaging in chronic schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Cell Survival; Chronic Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; | 2002 |
Gene expression profiling reveals alterations of specific metabolic pathways in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alanine; Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Aspartic Acid; Biogenic Polyamines; Female; Gen | 2002 |
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in schizophrenic and affective patients.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Basal Ganglia; Bipolar Disorder; Choline; Creatine; Depressive Disorder; Energ | 1992 |
Regionally selective deficits in uptake sites for glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the basal ganglia in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Brain; Caudate Nucleus; Dominance, Cerebral; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Globus Pallidus | 1992 |
Evidence of glutamatergic deficiency in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aged; Aspartic Acid; Brain Chemistry; Cerebral Cortex; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Glutamate De | 1991 |
Determination of N-acetylaspartic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Adult; Aspartic Acid; Chromatography, Gas; Esters; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Middle A | 1990 |
Frontal cortical and left temporal glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aspartic Acid; Dopamine; Frontal Lobe; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Schizophrenia; Temporal Lo | 1989 |
Use of the polyethylene glycol adduct of L-asparaginase for the treatment of hyperasparaginemia in a schizophrenic patient.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Asparaginase; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Brain; Humans; | 1985 |