asialo-gm1-ganglioside and Ascites

To establish a more appropriate animal recipient for xenotransplantation, NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice double homozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mutation and interleukin-2Rgamma (IL-2Rgamma) allelic mutation (gamma(c)(null)) were generated by 8 backcross matings of C57BL/6J-gamma(c)(null) mice and NOD/Shi-scid mice. When human CD34+ cells from umbilical cord blood were transplanted into this strain, the engraftment rate in the peripheral circulation, spleen, and bone marrow were significantly higher than that in NOD/Shi-scid mice treated with anti-asialo GM1 antibody or in the beta2-microglobulin-deficient NOD/LtSz-scid (NOD/SCID/beta2m(null)) mice, which were as completely defective in NK cell activity as NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice. The same high engraftment rate of human mature cells was observed in ascites when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were intraperitoneally transferred. In addition to the high engraftment rate, multilineage cell differentiation was also observed. Further, even 1 x 10(2) CD34+ cells could grow and differentiate in this strain. These results suggest that NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice were superior animal recipients for xenotransplantation and were especially valuable for human stem cell assay. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the superior engraftment rate in NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice, cytokine production of spleen cells stimulated with Listeria monocytogenes antigens was compared among these 3 strains of mice. The interferon-gamma production from dendritic cells from the NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mouse spleen was significantly suppressed in comparison with findings in 2 other strains of mice. It is suggested that multiple immunological dysfunctions, including cytokine production capability, in addition to functional incompetence of T, B, and NK cells, may lead to the high engraftment levels of xenograft in NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mice.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigens, Bacterial; Ascites; beta 2-Microglobulin; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Cells, Cultured; Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation; Crosses, Genetic; Dendritic Cells; Female; G(M1) Ganglioside; Graft Survival; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit; Killer Cells, Natural; Listeria monocytogenes; Lymphocyte Subsets; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred NOD; Mice, Knockout; Mice, SCID; Models, Animal; Receptors, Interleukin-7; Spleen; Transplantation Chimera; Transplantation, Heterologous

SCID mice were inoculated with five human-mouse heterohybridomas derived by fusion of human lymph node lymphocytes from lung cancer patients with murine myeloma cells or human-mouse heteromyeloma cells, and the production of their human monoclonal antibodies (MAb) in the mouse ascites was investigated. In a comparison of the effects of pretreatment by i.p. (intraperitoneal) injection of pristane and anti-asialo GM1 serum on the antibody production of three of the hybridomas, pristane pretreatment resulted in substantial antibody production by all three, and pretreatment with anti-asialo GM1 serum resulted in similar or slightly lower levels of antibody production by two of the hybridomas but none by the third. In a second series of experiments using four of the hybridomas with pristane pretreatment, the co-injection of either penicillin G and streptomycin or kanamycin together with the hybridoma at the time of i.p. inoculation resulted in enhanced MAb production by the two heterohybridomas that had been propagated in medium containing hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) but not by the two that had been propagated in HAT-free medium.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Ascites; G(M1) Ganglioside; Humans; Hybridomas; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, SCID; Terpenes

We have previously reported the development of antitumor effector cells by day 12 after tumor implantation using a murine malignant ascites model with BAMC-1 tumor, which could be cured completely by five consecutive i.p. injections of OK-432 starting on day 2. In contrast, the OK-432 treatment with the same protocol failed to cure the tumor-bearing athymic mice, though it could suppress tumor growth temporarily. The results suggest that T cells may play a critical role in achieving a therapeutic effect. The present study was designed to clarify the nature of the antitumor effector cells induced by OK-432 in euthymic mice. The number of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity of OK-432-treated euthymic mice increased gradually up to day 12 and dropped suddenly on day 14, while in the athymic mice the tumor cells transiently decreased in the first 7 days then started to expand drastically on day 8. The timing of the appearance of the effector cells was examined by adoptive-transfer experiments. The peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) obtained from BAMC-1 bearing euthymic mice on various days during the treatments with OK-432 were passively transferred intraperitoneally on the respective days (synchronous transfer) or on day 7 (convergent transfer) to BAMC-1-bearing athymic mice, which were treated similarly with OK-432. More than 85% of the recipient athymic mice survived when an adoptive transfer was made on and after day 7. These results indicated that the effector cells developed before day 8 in euthymic mice. The effector cells detectable on day 7 in the PEC represent plastic- or nylon-wool-column-nonadherent cells, which could cure the tumor-bearing athymic mice. Furthermore, the effector cells were destroyed when the nylon-wool-column-nonadherent cells were treated with an anti-L3T4 antibody and complement whereas the same treatment with anti-Lyt2 antibody had no effect. These L3T4+ cells did not possess asialo-GM1 antigen. Although the exact mechanism of action of the effector cells is yet to be clarified, the induction of human equivalents of this type of effector cell would be a good parameter indicative of clinical effects induced by OK-432 or other biological response modifiers in an individual cancer patient.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Surface; Ascites; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; G(M1) Ganglioside; Immunization, Passive; Immunophenotyping; Immunotherapy; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Neoplasms, Experimental; Peritoneal Cavity; Picibanil; Survival Analysis; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Thy-1 Antigens