ascorbic-acid and Vitamin-B-Deficiency

Vitamins and minerals are essential to humans as they play essential roles in a variety of basic metabolic pathways that support fundamental cellular functions. In particular, their involvement in energy-yielding metabolism, DNA synthesis, oxygen transport, and neuronal functions makes them critical for brain and muscular function. These, in turn, translate into effects on cognitive and psychological processes, including mental and physical fatigue. This review is focused on B vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B8, B9 and B12), vitamin C, iron, magnesium and zinc, which have recognized roles in these outcomes. It summarizes the biochemical bases and actions of these micronutrients at both the molecular and cellular levels and connects them with cognitive and psychological symptoms, as well as manifestations of fatigue that may occur when status or supplies of these micronutrients are not adequate.

Topics: Affect; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Energy Metabolism; Fatigue; Humans; Iron; Magnesium; Minerals; Nutritional Status; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins; Zinc

Vitamin C and a vitamin B are essential nutrients to maintain bone density and bone quality. Recent literature clearly shows that vitamin C and B affect bone quality determinant "collagen cross-link formation" . Mildly elevated plasma homocysteine levels induced by vitamin B insufficiency and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deteriorate normal collagen cross-link formation (Saito M, Osteoporos Int 2009 May 30. [Epub ahead of print] , Shiraki M and Saito M, J Bone Miner Metab [6] 2008) . In this review, we describe the effects of vitamin C and vitamin B insufficiency and hyperhomocysteinemia on bone quality in terms of collagen cross-link formation in bone that have been reported in the literature.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Bone Density; Collagen; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

Physicians' use of micronutrients to improve symptoms or outcomes in chronic illness has until recently been guided by limited data on the actions of individual agents in vitro or in animal studies. However several recently published clinical trials have provided information about which groups of patients are likely to benefit from which combination of micronutrients. Patients with chronic cardiac failure (CCF), particularly elderly individuals, have several reasons to be deficient in micronutrients including reduced intake, impaired gastrointestinal absorption and increased losses on the background of increased utilisation due for example to increased oxidative stress. Studies of nutritional supplementation in CCF patients have usually concentrated on specific agents. However given that many micronutrients have synergistic influences upon metabolic processes this strategy might merely lead to a shifting of a limiting step. Rather, a strategy of increasing the availability of multiple agents at once might be more logical. The aim of this article is to briefly review the experimental rationale for each of the micronutrients of potential benefit in chronic heart failure and examine the current clinical trial evidence supporting their use.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Carnitine; Copper; Dietary Supplements; Heart Failure; Humans; Magnesium; Magnesium Deficiency; Micronutrients; Niacin; Oxidative Stress; Phosphocreatine; Ubiquinone; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin E; Zinc

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Digestive System; Folic Acid Deficiency; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Immunity; Lymphocytes; Nutrition Disorders; Obesity; Phorbol Esters; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin E; Zinc

As the second leading cause of death in the United States, cancer is a major public health problem today. Cancer incidence varies worldwide and tends to change with migration. These epidemiological observations have led to the concept that environmental factors may be important in carcinogenesis. Diet and nutrition are receiving increased attention and the National Cancer Institute, as mandated by the Nation Cancer Act Amendments of 1974, is playing a major leadership role in expanding research efforts in the areas of environmental carcinogenesis, and nutrition in relation to cancer. The subject of diet, nutrition, and cancer is complex. Different types of cancer are not necessarily affected by dietary components in the same manner. Although the development of certain neoplasms may be repressed by specific dietary deficiencies, other types, particularly those of the liver and upper gastrointestinal tract, are actually augmented or potentiated by such deficienceis. In extrapolating results from animal experiments to humans, caution must be exercised because of possible differences in species response to the same dietary stimulus and because spontaneous tumors may react differently from experimentally-induced tumors. Diet and nutrition are viewed more appropriately as modifiers, rather than initiators, of tumorigenesis. Caloric intake, type and amount of fat, protein, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and other dietary constituents have been studied in regard to their influence on the development of neoplasms. Dietary components may have opposing effects on tumorigenesis, i.e., protective and predisposing, and the consequence to the host will depend on the balance between these opposing forces. Studies conducted to date indicate that the modifying effect of diet and nutrition may be exerted through specific effects on 1) intestinal bacteria and substrates for bacterial metabolism, 2) microsomal mixed-function oxidase system, 3) endocrine system, 4) immunological system, 5) availability of metabolites for cell proliferations, and 6) rate of carcinogen transfer and duration of exposure to the carcinogen. More research is needed to elucidate the interaction between diet and each of these factors and to test the validity of the mechanisms proposed to explain such interactions. These studies will lead not only to a better understanding of carcinogenesis itself but also to a new understanding of the influence of diet on human physiology and metabolism.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Bile Acids and Salts; Cholesterol; Diet; Dietary Fats; Digestive System; Energy Metabolism; Forecasting; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Intestines; Neoplasms; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Polysaccharides; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

The relationship of vitamins to cancer is very complex. Three types of interactions are possible: the effect of vitamins on tumor growth, the effect of tumors on vitamin metabolism, and the effect of vitamins on chemical carcinogens and anti-tumor chemotherapeutic agents. The significance of vitamins with particular references to vitamins A,B-complex and C, in cancer has been reviewed.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Bone Neoplasms; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Bronchial Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasms; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Tryptophan; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Niacinamide; Placebos; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Tongue Diseases; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Aging; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Dopamine; Genotype; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motivation; Nucleus Accumbens; Presenilin-1; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Vitamin B Deficiency

We investigated over time whether contemporary Japanese patients with complicated peptic ulcers have any water-soluble vitamin deficiencies soon after the onset of the complicated peptic ulcers. In this prospective cohort study, fasting serum levels of water-soluble vitamins (vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12, C, and folic acid) and homocysteine were measured at 3 time points (at admission, hospital discharge, and 3 mo after hospital discharge). Among the 20 patients who were enrolled in the study, 10 consecutive patients who completed measurements at all 3 time points were analyzed. The proportion of patients in whom any of the serum water-soluble vitamins that we examined were deficient was as high as 80% at admission, and remained at 70% at discharge. The proportion of patients with vitamin B6 deficiency was significantly higher at admission and discharge (50% and 60%, respectively, p<0.05) than at 3 mo after discharge (10%). In conclusion, most patients with complicated peptic ulcers may have a deficiency of one or more water-soluble vitamins in the early phase of the disease after the onset of ulcer complications, even in a contemporary Japanese population.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Cohort Studies; Female; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Homocysteine; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Peptic Ulcer; Prospective Studies; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

The investigation of vitamin sufficiency of young basket-ball players 14-16 years old (17 girls and 14 boys) has been carried out 59-77 per cent of the children had the deficiency of B group vitamins, 24-54 per cent--vitamin E insufficiency, most of them (82-100 per cent)--deficit of carotenoids while they were sufficiently vitamins C and A supplied. The girls were supplied with vitamins better than boys. There was no one adequately supplied with all vitamins among boys while 12 per cent of girls had adequately sufficiency. The girls had deficit of 1-2 vitamins more often whereas the combined insufficiency of 3-4 vitamins took place in 1.8-2.3 fold more frequently among boys. Daily intake of multivitamin containing 10 vitamins in daily recommended doses, lipoic acid, methionin and 9 minerals by boys lead to their blood plasma vitamin C, E, B-2 and beta-carotene level increase. Vitamin C insufficiency disappeared. Deficit of beta-carotene and vitamin B-6 became 1.5 fold rarely, vitamin B-2--2 fold, vitamin E--6 fold. Thus daily intake of recommended doses of vitamins eliminates biochemical signs of vitamin deficiency.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Basketball; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Male; Reference Values; Russia; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

The investigation of vitamin sufficiency of 96 children 4-15 years old living in Moscow with decreased hemoglobin level (less 120 g/l) has been carried out in spring in 2001. Most of the children (90 per cent) had the combined deficiency of B group vitamins and carotenoids while they were sufficiently vitamin C supplied. There were only 2 per cent of children adequately supplied with all vitamins. Range correlation between hemoglobin blood level and riboflavin and tocopherols serum concentration has been observed. Marked negative linear correlation between riboflavin and malone dialdehyde serum content has been revealed: more sufficiently supplied with vitamin B2 child has lower lipid oxidative product level. Thus the necessity of vitamin B2 including in complex therapy of iron deficiency is based.

Topics: Adolescent; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Hemoglobins; Humans; Malondialdehyde; Riboflavin; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

The comparative study of influence of two biologically active food additives with the different contents of vitamins is carried out: a drink "Zolotoi Shar", the dose of vitamins in which makes 50-90% from recommended daily consumption, and "Vitabalance 2000", the contents of vitamins in which at 2-17 of time exceeds need of organism. The use of both additives within 3 weeks resulted in increase of levels of vitamins C, A, E, B2, B6 and carotenoids in blood serum. However if in case of consumption of a drink an authentic level was reached only for vitamin C and beta-carotene, in a case "Vitabalance 2000" for all investigated vitamins except vitamin A. Thus, if the consumption of a drink has lowered frequency of deficiency of 3-4 vitamins, but has not allowed to liquidate it completely, in case of "Vitabalance 2000" consumption the simultaneous deficiency 3-4 vitamins. The received data allow to believe the biologically active food additives containing vitamins in amounts exceeding recommended consumption, are convenient for fast liquidation of hypovitaminoses, and the preparations containing vitamins in doses making 30-50% from need of organism, are acceptable for daily filling of insufficient consumption of vitamins with a usual diet for a long time.

Topics: Adenine; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; beta Carotene; Beverages; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Riboflavin; Time Factors; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Studies were carried out to evaluate the changes in the phase I and II enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism, on treatment with tobacco extract (TE) and a tobacco specific carcinogen, N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in Sprague-Dawley rats maintained on vitamin B complex sufficient and deficient semi-synthetic diets. Both TE and NNN significantly increased the hepatic and pulmonary phase I enzymes in the vitamin B sufficient (SB+) and deficient (SB-) animals. However, the percent increase in enzyme activities was drastically higher in the SB- treated group as compared to those in the SB(+)-treated group. On the other hand, TE and NNN significantly depressed the liver and lung glutathione (GSH) level and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the SB- animals, while the opposite effect was observed in the SB(+)-treated animals. Furthermore, both the treatments depleted the hepatic pool of vitamin A, with a concurrent increase in that of vitamin C in SB+ and SB- groups.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carcinogens; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Glutathione; Liver; Lung; Nicotiana; Nitrosamines; Plant Extracts; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency; Vitamin K; Vitamin K Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Female; Food-Processing Industry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Occupational Diseases; Sucrose; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Balneology; Cholangitis; Cholecystitis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Amino Acids; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Humans; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Seizures; Syndrome; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

112 patients in a medical ward were examined clinically and biochemically with regard to their vitamin status (plasma vitamin A, plasma vitamin C, blood glutathione reductase, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, N-methyl nicotinic acid amide and pyridoxic acid excretion). The nutritional habits were assessed by means of a questionnaire. The results of these two examinations were correlated with the clinical findings. The assessment of the vitamin B2 status showed a deficiency in 8 cases and a marginal vitamin B2 supply in a further 4 cases. The thiamine intake was insufficient in 43 cases and marginal in 42 cases. The biochemical assessment of vitamins C, B1 and PP indicated a deficiency of these vitamins. Dermatological signs pointed to a deficiency of vitamins A and B2. There was a significant correlation between the plasma vitamin A level and the serum iron level. The importance of milk and vegetables in the diet is stressed and also the association between milk consumption and the serum cholesterol level.

Topics: Aged; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cholesterol; Feeding Behavior; Female; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Iron; Male; Milk; Skin Manifestations; Vegetables; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

The activity of the red blood cell enzymes transketolase, glutathione reductase, and aspartate transaminase, and their activation by the coenzymes thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine, the pyruvate tolerance test, the leucocyte vitamin C concentration, and the activity in serum of gamma-glutamyl transferase were measured in a series of 35 patients with alcohol-related illness. The incidence of thiamine deficiency was 31% as assessed by the activation of transketolase, and 55% as assessed by the pyruvate tolerance test. The incidence of riboflavin deficiency was 23% and of ascorbic acid deficiency 91%. No cases of pyridoxine deficiency were detected. The pyruvate tolerance test was found to be a more sensitive test of thiamine deficiency than the transketolase activation, and the activation of red blood cell aspartate transaminase was found to be a poor indicator of pyridoxine deficiency. There was a poor correlation of the gamma-glutamyl transferase activity with the degree of vitamin deficiency, suggesting that alcohol exposure is only partly responsible for the observed vitamin deficiency.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Erythrocytes; Female; gamma-Glutamyltransferase; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Pyruvates; Transketolase; Vitamin B Deficiency

Indices of nutritional state were measured in 105 surgical patients. The indices were chosen to give information on protein-calorie malnutrition, anaemia, vitamin deficiency. Abnormal values for the various indices were common in the group as a whole and most frequent (50%) in patients who were still in hospital more than a week after major surgery. These patients had a high frequency of anaemia, vitamin deficiency, weight-loss, loss of arm-muscle bulk, and low plasma levels of transferrin and albumin. These abnormalities had gone almost entirely unrecognised, even in patients with sepsis after major surgery, who would benefit from improvement in nutritional state.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia; Anthropometry; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; England; Female; Folic Acid; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Requirements; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Serum Albumin; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Transferrin; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

A study of the nutritional vitamin status of older women included 46 patients in nursing homes and 24 residents of private homes. The age range was 62 through 99 years. Calculated values for the mean daily caloric and vitamin intakes indicated that vitamin A and thiamin were the vitamins that compared less favorably with the Recommended Dietary Allowances. Values for vitamin A and C in sera and for thiamin, riboflavin, and N-methyl nicotinamide excretion were compared with standards of adequacy, Vitamin A values in sera of 14% of all subjects were "deficient" or "low". All serum ascorbic acid levels were "acceptable". Thiamin and riboflavin concentrations in urine of 17 and 15% of the subjects, respectively, were "deficient" or "low". Except for one subject, all N-methyl nicotamide values were "acceptable". In general, values for caloric and vitamin intakes and for corresponding levels of vitamins in sera or urine of patients in nursing homes did not differ significantly from analogous values obtained for subjects in private homes. The effect of age and income and education level are discussed.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Diet; Educational Status; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotinic Acids; Nursing Homes; Nutritional Requirements; Riboflavin; Socioeconomic Factors; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Restriction of the total diet or the number of calories fed to rats and mice inhibits the formation of tumors in several tissues. Unless animals are fed equivalent levels of food, or attain equivalent body weights, it is difficult to assess the significance of the effect of other nutritional modifications on carcinogenesis. The effects of altering the levels of protein or fat are much less than those seen with dietary restriction. Feeding a protein-free diet is tolerated for a limited period and can alter the metabolism of carcinogens. It may thus affect the tumor incidence induced by one-shot carcinogens. Vitamins have specific effects on the activity of certain carcinogens, the fullest information being available for vitamin A, which has been shown to inhibit or enhance carcinogenesis, and vitamin C, which by reducing sodium nitrite, prevents nitrosation of secondary and tertiary amines occurring in acidic conditions of the stomach. Inorganic substances, such as iodine (thyroid) and copper (liver), may affect the tumor incidence in specific tissues. The metabolic activation of carcinogens is modified by enzyme induction and the administration of antioxidants. The relevance of these results to the induction of cancer in humans is briefly discussed.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Copper; Diet; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Enzyme Induction; Iodine; Lipotropic Agents; Mice; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Rats; Selenium; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Coumarins; Diet; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Injections, Intravenous; Ligation; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic System; Lymphedema; Male; Plethysmography; Rats; Rutin; Sodium Chloride; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Aged; Aging; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Germany, West; Humans; Quackery; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Biotin; Body Water; Body Weight; Bone and Bones; Dietary Carbohydrates; Glucose; Kidney; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Minerals; Sucrose; Turkeys; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Cognition Disorders; Female; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Pellagra; Pyruvates; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Male; Tongue; Tongue Diseases; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Diagnosis, Differential; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Male; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Biotin; Diet; Glucose; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glycolysis; Liver; Male; Manometry; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Blood Proteins; Carotenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Food; Food Supply; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Iodine; Middle Aged; Mortality; Nicotinic Acids; Nutrition Disorders; Nutrition Surveys; Philippines; Population; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Carbonic Anhydrases; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Megaloblastic; Ascorbic Acid; Folic Acid; Geriatrics; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Reticulocytes; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Chemical Analysis; Erythrocyte Count; Guinea Pigs; Hemoglobinometry; Liver; Metabolism; Pantothenic Acid; Research; Scurvy; Urine; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cholesterol; Lipid Metabolism; Rats; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Endocrine Glands; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Flavins; Rats; Riboflavin; Starvation; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Pantothenic Acid; Rats; Replantation; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Tryptophan; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Adrenal Glands; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Rats; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Genitalia; Genitalia, Male; Male; Rats; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Intestines; Pantothenic Acid; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Rats; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Thyroid Gland; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Catechols; Fetus; Pantothenic Acid; Rats; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Exercise; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Catechols; Pantothenic Acid; Pregnancy; Rats; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Pantothenic Acid; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Thiamine; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Pantothenic Acid; Pregnancy; Rats; Research; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Tryptophan; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Pantothenic Acid; Pregnancy; Rats; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Pantothenic Acid; Pregnancy; Rats; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cholesterol; Pantothenic Acid; Vitamin B Deficiency