ascorbic-acid and Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacillus

Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Latent Tuberculosis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Rifampin; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant; Vitamins

Vitamins may play an important role in preventing tuberculosis. The purpose of this work is to associate the vitamin A, C, D and E status with tuberculosis through a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Web of Science, Pubmed and Scopus were searched from the earliest date of the database to May 2021. The standardized mean differences (SMDs) of blood vitamin concentrations and odds ratios (ORs) of vitamin deficiency between the tuberculosis patients and the control subjects were used as the main effect sizes. The effect sizes were pooled by a random-effects model using the Stata software (Version 11). The vitamin A concentration was significantly lower in the tuberculosis group than in the control group [SMD (95% CI): -0.96 (-1.31, -0.61),

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Tuberculosis; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

Isoniazid (INH) was the first synthesized drug that mediated bactericidal killing of the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a major clinical breakthrough. To this day, INH remains a cornerstone of modern tuberculosis (TB) chemotherapy. This review describes the serendipitous discovery of INH, its effectiveness on TB patients, and early studies to discover its mechanisms of bacteriocidal activity. Forty years after its introduction as a TB drug, the development of gene transfer in mycobacteria enabled the discovery of the genes encoding INH resistance, namely, the activator (katG) and the target (inhA) of INH. Further biochemical and x-ray crystallography studies on KatG and InhA proteins and mutants provided comprehensive understanding of INH mode of action and resistance mechanisms. Bacterial cultures can harbor subpopulations that are genetically or phenotypically resistant cells, the latter known as persisters. Treatment of exponentially growing cultures of M. tuberculosis with INH reproducibly kills 99% to 99.9% of cells in 3 days. Importantly, the surviving cells are slowly replicating or non-replicating cells expressing a unique stress response signature: these are the persisters. These persisters can be visualized using dual-reporter mycobacteriophages and their formation prevented using reducing compounds, such as N-acetylcysteine or vitamin C, that enhance M. tuberculosis' respiration. Altogether, this review portrays a detailed molecular analysis of INH killing and resistance mechanisms including persistence. The phenomenon of persistence is clearly the single greatest impediment to TB control, and research aimed at understanding persistence will provide new strategies to improve TB chemotherapy.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Catalase; Drug Discovery; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Drug Therapy; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Humans; Isoniazid; Mycobacteriophages; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Oxidoreductases; Tuberculosis

Vitamin E and beta-carotene affect the immune function and might influence the predisposition of man to infections. To examine whether vitamin E or beta-carotene supplementation affects tuberculosis risk, we analysed data of the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC)Study, a randomised controlled trial which examined the effects of vitamin E (50 mg/d) and beta-carotene (20 mg/d) on lung cancer. The trial was conducted in the general community in Finland in 1985-93; the intervention lasted for 6.1 years (median). The ATBC Study cohort consists of 29,023 males aged 50-69 years, smoking at baseline, with no tuberculosis diagnosis prior to randomisation. Vitamin E supplementation had no overall effect on the incidence of tuberculosis (risk ratio (RR) = 1.18; 95% CI 0.87, 1.59) nor had beta-carotene (RR = 1.07; 95% CI 0.80, 1.45). Nevertheless, dietary vitamin C intake significantly modified the vitamin E effect. Among participants who obtained 90 mg/d or more of vitamin Cin foods (n 13,502), vitamin E supplementation increased tuberculosis risk by 72 (95% CI 4, 185)%. This effect was restricted to participants who smoked heavily. Finally, in participants not supplemented with vitamin E, dietary vitamin C had a negative association with tuberculosis risk so that the adjusted risk was 60 (95% CI 16, 81)% lower in the highest intake quartile compared with the lowest. Our finding that vitamin E seemed to transiently increase the risk of tuberculosis in those who smoked heavily and had high dietary vitamin C intake should increase caution towards vitamin E supplementation for improving the immune system.

Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Follow-Up Studies; Fruit; Humans; Incidence; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Assessment; Smoking; Tuberculosis; Vegetables; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Bacterial dormancy is a major impediment to the eradication of tuberculosis (TB), because currently used drugs primarily target actively replicating bacteria. Therefore, decoding of the critical survival pathways in dormant tubercle bacilli is a research priority to formulate new approaches for killing these bacteria. Employing a network-based gene expression analysis approach, we demonstrate that redox active vitamin C (vit C) triggers a multifaceted and robust adaptation response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) involving ~ 67% of the genome. Vit C-adapted bacteria display well-described features of dormancy, including growth stasis and progression to a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state, loss of acid-fastness and reduction in length, dissipation of reductive stress through triglyceride (TAG) accumulation, protective response to oxidative stress, and tolerance to first line TB drugs. VBNC bacteria are reactivatable upon removal of vit C and they recover drug susceptibility properties. Vit C synergizes with pyrazinamide, a unique TB drug with sterilizing activity, to kill dormant and replicating bacteria, negating any tolerance to rifampicin and isoniazid in combination treatment in both in-vitro and intracellular infection models. Finally, the vit C multi-stress redox models described here also offer a unique opportunity for concurrent screening of compounds/combinations active against heterogeneous subpopulations of Mtb. These findings suggest a novel strategy of vit C adjunctive therapy by modulating bacterial physiology for enhanced efficacy of combination chemotherapy with existing drugs, and also possible synergies to guide new therapeutic combinations towards accelerating TB treatment.

Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Combinations; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Isoniazid; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Tuberculosis

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Isoniazid; Mice; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Tuberculosis

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Isoniazid; Mice; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Tuberculosis

Hepatotoxicity due to anti tuberculosis drugs, rifampin and isoniazid, is a major problem in tuberculosis patients. Vitamin C, an antioxidant, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a scavenger of active metabolites, reduce the hepatotoxicity. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C and NAC individually on the antibacterial activity of anti tuberculosis drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus strains.. The MICs of each compound against all strains were determined in 96 wells plate. Rifampin was tested at serial two fold concentrations alone or in combination with NAC or vitamin C.. The MIC of rifampin against different strains of S. aureus was 0.008-0.032 μg/ml. The MIC of rifampin and isoniazid against M. tuberculosis strains were 40 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. Vitamin C and NAC had no antibacterial activity against all strains. MIC of rifampin was reduced two fold by combination with vitamin C for all S. aureus strains, while NAC did not affect the antibacterial activity of rifampin. Vitamin C and NAC had remarkable effects on the antibacterial activity of anti-tuberculosis drugs against M. tuberculosis.. Synergistic effects were observed between rifampin or isoniazid and vitamin C against all tested strains. However, combination therapy of rifampin and isoniazid with NAC was not being effective. This study highlighted the advantages of combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs and vitamin C to eradicate the microbial infections.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Antitubercular Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Isoniazid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tuberculosis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Bias; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Smoking; Tuberculosis; Vitamin E

Knowledge of the antioxidant profile and its relation to lipid peroxidation in tuberculosis patients with or without accompanying HIV infection is scarce, particularly in developing countries.. The objective was to further investigate the interaction between HIV, tuberculosis, and antioxidants and their relations with markers of oxidative stress in a large population of Ethiopians.. In a cross-sectional study, we evaluated antioxidants and markers of oxidative stress in Ethiopian tuberculosis patients with (n = 25) and without (n = 100) HIV infection and in Ethiopian (n = 45) and Norwegian (n = 25) healthy control subjects.. Concentrations of the antioxidant vitamins C and E and of vitamin A were significantly lower in tuberculosis patients than in healthy Ethiopians. Tuberculosis patients also had significantly lower thiol concentrations, particularly of the reduced forms. Tuberculosis patients, particularly those who were co-infected with HIV, had higher malondialdehyde concentrations than did control subjects. High malondialdehyde concentrations were associated with clinical severity as measured by the Karnofsky Performance Status Index and anthropometric scores. Ethiopian control subjects had lower concentrations of vitamin E and higher concentrations of malondialdehyde than did Norwegian control subjects.. Our findings further support a link between oxidative stress, tuberculosis, and HIV infection. However, whether antioxidant supplementation will improve tuberculosis outcome or is of importance for its prevention should be further examined in future prospective studies.

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Donors; Case-Control Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Karnofsky Performance Status; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Norway; Nutritional Status; Oxidative Stress; Tuberculosis; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

The stability of monosuspensions, cosuspensions and multisuspensions of isoniazid (INH), pyrazinamide (PZA) and rifampin (RIF) has been evaluated by high pressure liquid chromatography over a period of 28 days both with and without the addition of vitamin C (20 micrograms/ml) and at ambient temperatures of 4 degrees C, 24 degrees C and 40 degrees C. At the end of 28 days greater than 90% of initial concentrations of INH, PZA and RIF in monosuspensions remained unchanged irrespective of ambient temperature as was the case with INH and PZA in cosuspension. The addition of RIF to either INH or PZA in cosuspension or together in multisuspension led to a marked fall in the concentration of one or more of the agents, an effect that was accentuated by the addition of vitamin C. In the case of a multisuspension of INH + RIF + PZA with vitamin C added, 41.7% (4 degrees C), 24.1% (24 degrees C) and 20.3% (40 degrees C) of initial INH concentrations and 1.9% (4 degrees C), 1.3% (24 degrees C) and 0.0% (40 degrees C) of initial RIF concentrations remained detectable after 28 days. The addition of vitamin C to monosuspensions of INH and PZA led to a marked decline in the amount of drug detectable and only in the case of RIF was greater than 90% of initial concentrations of the drug detectable after 28 days. The dispensing of cosuspensions or multisuspensions of antituberculosis agents containing RIF is inadvisable as is the addition of vitamin C in any form.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Humans; Isoniazid; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Suspensions; Temperature; Tuberculosis

Topics: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Aged; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Immunity, Maternally-Acquired; Infant; Milk, Human; Nutritional Status; Pyridoxine; Smoking; Tuberculosis; Zinc

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amyloidosis; Ascorbic Acid; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Tuberculosis

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Copper; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Diet Therapy; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Minerals; Nutrition Disorders; Phosphorus; Proteins; Tuberculosis; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Diet; Fructose-Bisphosphatase; Glucose-6-Phosphatase; Glucosyltransferases; Guinea Pigs; Kidney; Liver; Liver Glycogen; Male; Myocardium; Proteins; Spleen; Tuberculosis

Topics: Animal Diseases; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Chickens; Guinea Pigs; Rats; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Avian; Turtles

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Bone Cysts; Child; Humans; Infant; Isoniazid; Penicillins; Prognosis; Radiography; Streptomycin; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Aspirin; Biopsy; Diathermy; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Pathology; Pyridoxine; Skin Transplantation; Streptomycin; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous; Tuberculosis, Male Genital

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Aminosalicylic Acids; Anemia; Anemia, Hemolytic; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy; Favism; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Glucosephosphates; Metabolism; Pharmacology; Toxicology; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous

Topics: Alcoholism; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy; Fatigue; Geriatrics; Humans; Neoplasms; Pyridoxine; Tuberculosis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Body Fluids; Drug Therapy; Humans; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Meningeal; Urine; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Connective Tissue; Humans; Lung; Rabbits; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Aminosalicylic Acids; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Meningism; Optic Nerve; Retinitis; Riboflavin; Streptomycin; Thiamine; Tuberculoma; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Ocular; Uvea

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Aminosalicylic Acids; Ascorbic Acid; Erythema Nodosum; Humans; Isoniazid; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Penicillins; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Tuberculosis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Biomedical Research; Hemorrhage; Humans; Promethazine; Rutin; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Guinea Pigs; Knee Joint; Nutrition Assessment; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Osteoarticular; Vitamin A

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Tuberculosis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Tuberculosis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Ascorbic Acid; Skin Diseases; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Folic Acid; Humans; Liver Diseases; Niacinamide; Tuberculosis; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Blood Vessels; Flavonoids; Humans; Ketones; Lung; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Humans; Plasma; Research; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Breast Feeding; Female; Humans; Lactation; Pregnancy; Tuberculosis

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamins

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamins

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Leadership; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Humans; Tuberculin; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Isoniazid; Niacin; Nicotinic Acids; Tuberculosis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Eye; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Ocular; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Steroids; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Urine; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Blood-Brain Barrier; Flavonoids; Humans; Permeability; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Meningeal; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Child; Fruit; Humans; Infant; Malus; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Humans; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Ascorbic Acid; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Pulmonary Edema; Rabbits; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Bacillus; Cattle; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Rabbits; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Communicable Diseases; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamins

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamins

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Nutritional Status; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamin A

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Ascorbic Acid; Oculomotor Muscles; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Ocular; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ear; Ear, Middle; Humans; Otitis Media; Tuberculosis; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Tuberculosis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Tuberculosis

Topics: Aerosols; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Respiratory Therapy; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Nutritional Sciences; Nutritional Status; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Tuberculosis; Urine; Vitamins; Yeast, Dried; Yeasts

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ergocalciferols; Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Nutritional Status; Sputum; Tuberculosis; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Nutritional Sciences; Nutritional Status; Plasma; Tuberculosis; Urinary Tract

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Tuberculosis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Blood; Humans; Nutritional Sciences; Nutritional Status; Tuberculosis