ascorbic-acid and Tooth-Erosion

Dental erosion is increasingly recognized as a common condition in paediatric dentistry with complications of tooth sensitivity, altered aesthetics and loss of occlusal vertical dimension. The prevalence of erosion in children has been reported to range from 10% to over 80%. The primary dentition is thought to be more susceptible to erosion compared to the permanent dentition due to the thinner and less mineralized enamel. The aim of this paper was to critically review dental erosion in children with regards to its prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis and prevention. The associations between erosion and other common conditions in children such as caries and enamel hypoplasia are also discussed.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Australia; Beverages; Caseins; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dental Pellicle; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Fluorides, Topical; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Germany; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Tooth Erosion; Tooth, Deciduous; United Kingdom; Vomiting

The aim of this study was to create a synthetic juice (SJ) to be used as a surrogate for natural orange juices in erosion studies, verifying its erosive potential. The SJ was formulated based on the chemical composition of orange juices from different locations. Forty enamel and 40 root dentin specimens were randomly assigned into 4 experimental groups (n = 10): SJ; 1% Citric Acid (CA); Minute Maid Original® (MM) and Florida Natural Original® (FN). The specimens were immersed in their respective solutions for 5 min, 6x/day for 5 days, in an erosion-remineralization cycling model. Enamel specimens were analyzed by surface Knoop microhardness and optical profilometry and dentin specimens only by optical profilometry. Outcomes were analyzed statistically by ANOVA followed by Tukey's test considering a significance level of 5%. For enamel, the surface loss and microhardness changes found for MM and SJ groups were similar (p>0.05) and significantly lower (p<0.01) than those found in the CA group. For dentin, CA promoted significantly greater (p<0.01) surface loss compared with all the other groups. No significant difference (p>0.05) was observed in dentin surface loss between MM and SJ. In conclusion, CA was the most erosive solution, and SJ had a similar erosive potential to that of MM natural orange juice.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; Calcium; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Citric Acid; Citrus sinensis; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Fruit; Glucose; Hardness; Humans; Magnesium; Materials Testing; Phosphorus; Potassium; Sucrose; Time Factors; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Remineralization

Eight effervescent preparations and one chewable vitamin C preparation were tested with regard to dental erosion by immersing bovine tooth specimens for 100 h in 100 ml of the test solutions. For comparison, two effervescent calcium preparations were studied. All the vitamin C products caused distinct erosion and disclosure of dentin in the specimens which could not be found in calcium preparations. Calcium release from the bovine teeth varied from 1.08 to 12.99 micrograms Ca/mm2/h. Softening of the dental tissue assessed as the Vickers hardness units, was most prominent among the specimens where most calcium release was observed. A crossover clinical trial using a test pannel assigned to 1-week periods of excellent vs no mechanical cleaning, and with a consumption of 6.6 times more vitamin C tablets than the recommended daily use, revealed no particular impact of the preparation on a variety of oral health parameters. Except for a slight stimulation of the subjects' salivary flow rate 30 min after consuming the vitamin C, all other differences observed could be explained by the accumulation of plaque during the period without mechanical cleaning. Thus, in patients with normal salivary flow rate a short-term consumption of vitamin C preparations, even in excess, may be regarded as harmless from the dental point of view. However, all the studied preparations are potentially erosive if left in direct contact with the teeth.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cattle; Chewing Gum; Dental Enamel; Female; Humans; Male; Oral Hygiene; Saliva; Tablets; Time Factors; Tooth Erosion

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors and a high cumulative score of the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) in a Chilean adult group. A cross-sectional study was performed with the Ethics Committee's approval from the Universidad de los Andes. A consecutive adult (18 to 46 years old) sampling (n = 553) from the Health Center in San Bernardo-Chile, was selected from September 2016 to January 2017. Dental exams were performed by two trained and calibrated examiners, according to the BEWE index. In order to search for potentially related factors, a hetero-applied questionnaire previously developed and evaluated was applied. Our interest was individuals with severe erosion tooth wear (BEWE ≥ 14). Logistic regression models reporting crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR by age, 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and p-values were estimated. Variables, odds ratios and 95% CI related with BEWE ≥ 14 were: age (OR 1.1 [1.07-1.14]); currently drinking alcohol (OR 1.59 [1.06-2.39]); esophagitis (OR 8.22 [1.60-42.22]); difficulty to swallow (OR 2.45 [1.10-5.44]); chest pain (OR 2.07 [1.18-3.64]); anorexia (OR 3.82 [1.07-13.68]); vitamin C intake (OR 1.92 [1.08-3.43]). Age, alcohol consumption, self-reported esophagitis, history of gastric symptoms, anorexia, and vitamin C intake were related as risk factors to high BEWE scores in this sample of Chilean adults in San Bernardo, Chile.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia; Ascorbic Acid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Esophagitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Wear; Young Adult

To determine the frequency of dental erosion in 12-14 years school children and its association with dietary habits.. Observational cross-sectional analytical study.. Fatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi, from January to June 2010.. School children aged between 12 - 14 years were included in this study. Dental erosion was detected by visual examination. Aself-developed questionnaire was used to assess the dietary habits of children. Acidic diet was considered a diet that has an acidic pH. The amount of consumption of acidic drinks and food per week was categorized into low consumption (1 - 7 times / week) and medium consumption (8 - 21 times / week). Chi-square test was applied to see any statistical difference between diet and tooth erosion at 95% CI.. The results showed a high frequency of (46%) dental erosion in children, which was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in children with more acidic diet.. This study highlights the impact of dietary habits on the prevalence of dental erosion in children. Acidic diets need to be controlled in frequency to prevent dental erosion.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Carbonated Beverages; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Sucrose; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; India; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Tooth Erosion

This study aimed to investigate the association between dental erosive wear and potential background, behavioural and dietary risk indicators and to assess whether there is a dose-response relationship between the level of acidic beverage consumption and dental erosive wear among adolescents. Of 846 adolescents (aged 16-18 years) scheduled for dental recall examinations, 795 (94%) accepted to participate. All participants completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding their background (gender and age), tooth-brushing frequency and dietary habits (the amount and frequency of acidic food and beverage consumption as well as the chosen method and manner of consuming acidic drinks). The association between the presence of erosive lesions and the possible risk indicators was assessed by logistic regression analyses. Of all participants examined, 37% had ≥3 surfaces with dental erosions and were considered to be affected individuals. In the present study, multivariate logistic analyses revealed a significant association between the dental erosive wear and high consumption of sour sweets and sports drinks. The tooth-brushing frequency was not significantly associated with dental erosive wear. Additionally, to the best of our knowledge, the results are the first to indicate a dose-response relationship between the daily consumption of acidic drinks and dental erosive wear.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; Carbonated Beverages; Child; Citrus; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drinking Behavior; Energy Drinks; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Health Behavior; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Malus; Meals; Risk Factors; Self Report; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Wear; Toothbrushing; Water; Yogurt

This study aimed to assess the dental caries and erosion status of 12-year-old Hong Kong children and study the determinants of dental caries and dental erosion of these children.. The survey was performed from 2011 to 2012 with ethics approval. Stratified random sampling was adopted to select 12-year-old children in 7 primary schools in Hong Kong. The participating parents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire concerning their children's diet and oral health habits. The children were examined for caries status with WHO criteria by 3 calibrated examiners. Detection of dental erosion followed Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) criteria.. A total of 704 children were recruited and 600 (316 boys, 53%) participated in the survey. There were 124 children (21%) with caries experience (DMFT > 0) and their DMFT was 0.34 ± 0.76. About half of their decay was unfilled (DT = 0.16 ± 0.52) The DMFT of girls and boys were 0.45 ± 0.89 and 0.23 ± 0.61, respectively (p = 0.001). Girls also had a higher DT (0.21 ± 0.62 compared with 0.11 ± 0.41, p = 0.013) and FT than boys (0.23 ± 0.63 compared with 0.12 ± 0.44, p = 0.016). Most children (75%) had at least some sign of erosion (BEWE > 0), but no severe erosion (BEWE = 3). Logistic regression showed girls who consumed soft drinks and took vitamin C supplements had higher caries risk. Dental erosion was more severe among the children who had caries experience and consumed fruit juice.. The 12-year-old Hong Kong children had low caries experience, and almost half of the decay was left untreated. Although severe erosion was not found, many children had early signs of erosion.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; Child; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Diet; Dietary Sucrose; Dietary Supplements; DMF Index; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fruit; Health Status; Hong Kong; Humans; Incidence; Logistic Models; Male; Oral Health; Parents; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tooth Erosion

Dental erosion is a multifactorial disease and is associated with dietary habits in infancy and adolescence.. To investigate possible associations among dental erosion and diet, medical history and lifestyle habits in Brazilian schoolchildren.. The sample consisted of a random single centre cluster of 414 adolescents (12- and 16-years old) of both genders from private and public schools in Bauru (Brazil). The O'Brien [Children's Dental Health in the United Kingdom, 1993 (1994) HMSO, London] index was used for dental erosion assessment. Data on medical history, rate and frequency of food and drinks consumption, and lifestyle habits were collected by a self-reported questionnaire. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the univariate relationships between variables. Analysis of questionnaire items was performed by multiple logistic regression analysis. The statistical significance level was set at 5%.. The erosion present group comprised 83 subjects and the erosion absent group 331. There were no statistically significant correlations among dental erosion and the consumption of food and drinks, medical history, or lifestyle habits.. The results indicate that there was no correlation between dental erosion and the risk factors analysed among adolescents in Bauru/Brazil and further investigations are necessary to clarify the multifactorial etiology of this condition.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Asthma; Beverages; Brazil; Carbonated Beverages; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Drinking Behavior; Drug Therapy; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Life Style; Male; Risk Factors; Tooth Erosion; Vitamins; Vomiting

The consumption of acidic soft drinks may lead to demineralization and softening of human dental enamel, known as dental erosion. The aims of this in vitro study were to determine: (i) if different acids with a similar sensorial acidic taste lead to different hardness loss of enamel and (ii) if the fruit acids tartaric, malic, lactic or ascorbic acid lead to less hardness loss of enamel than citric or phosphoric acid when their concentration in solution is based on an equivalent sensorial acidic taste.. Enamel samples of non-erupted human third molars were treated with acidic solutions of tartaric (TA), malic (MA), lactic (LA), ascorbic (AA), phosphoric (PA) and citric (CA) acids with a concentration that gave an equivalent sensorial acidic taste. The acidic solutions were characterized by pH value and titratable acidity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) based nanoindentation was used to study the nano mechanical properties and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the treated enamel samples and the untreated control areas, respectively.. The investigated acids fell into two groups. The nano hardnesses of MA, TA and CA treated enamel samples (group I) were statistically significantly greater (p<0.05) than the nano hardnesses of PA, AA and LA treated enamel samples (group II). Within each group the nano hardness was not statistically significantly different (p>0.05). The SEM micrographs showed different etch prism morphologies depending on the acid used.. In vitro, the acids investigated led to different erosion effects on human dental enamel, despite their equivalent sensorial acidic taste. This has not been reported previously.

Topics: Acids; Analysis of Variance; Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; Citric Acid; Dental Enamel; Elastic Modulus; Hardness; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactic Acid; Malates; Phosphoric Acids; Tartrates; Taste; Tooth Erosion

The aim of this study was to determine maximum attainable protection of enamel from erosion and erosion abrasion using a highly fluoridated gel with and without additional fluoride from toothpaste. Thirty-six bovine enamel specimens were subjected to six erosive attacks per day (1% citric acid with pH 2.3 for 30 s), while the rest of the day the specimens were in artificial saliva. There were four treatment groups (9 specimens in each group): fluoride-free toothpaste/saliva slurry twice daily (group T0), fluoride-containing toothpaste/saliva slurry twice daily using 1,250 ppm F toothpaste (group TF), fluoride-containing toothpaste/saliva slurry twice per day plus application of a highly fluoridated gel (12,500 ppm F) twice a day for 120 s (group 2F) and a group with gel application 8 times a day (group 8F). Additionally, half of each specimen in all groups was subjected to brushing abrasion during application of the toothpaste/saliva slurry. Brushing abrasion alone led to no observable enamel loss measured with profilometry. After 14 days of cycling of erosion without toothbrushing abrasion, high-fluoride gel application 2 or 8 times daily showed significantly less enamel loss (median 24/19 microm) than with toothpaste with or without fluoride (41/45 microm). After 14 days of cycling of erosion and toothbrushing abrasion, gel application 2 or 8 times daily (33/29 microm) showed significantly less enamel loss than toothpaste with or without fluoride (57/62 microm). We conclude that a highly fluoridated acidic gel is able to protect enamel from erosion and toothbrushing abrasion while fluoridated tooth paste provides little protection.

Topics: Amines; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium Fluoride; Cattle; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Solubility; Dentifrices; Diamines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tooth Abrasion; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Remineralization

The aim of this study was to determine whether a tooth cream containing casein/calcium phosphate (CasCP) protects enamel against erosion. Sixty bovine enamel specimens were prepared for profilometry and distributed into five groups. Specimens were rinsed with artificial saliva interrupted by 1% citric acid (pH 2.3) for 30 s 6 times daily for 14 days. Group 1 (n=12) was not treated (control); in group 2 (n=12) CasCP was applied for 120 s twice daily; in group 3 (n=12) 250 ppm fluoride as NaF was applied for 120 s twice daily; in group 4 (n=12) CasCP was applied for 120 s, then 250 ppm fluoride for 120 s twice daily, and in group 5 (n=12) amine fluoride (AmF) gel (12,500 ppm fluoride) was applied for 120 s twice daily. Differences between groups with respect to erosive enamel loss (profilometrically determined depth after 7 and 14 days) were tested by the Mann-Whitney test (alpha=0.05). After 7/14 days' erosive cycling, specimens treated with AmF gel showed significantly less enamel loss (18.5/35.5 microm; medians) than those treated with CasCP (25.5/46.9 microm), 250 ppm fluoride (25.0/ 40.9 microm), CasCP and 250 ppm fluoride (23.9/47.4 microm) or with no treatment (26.3/49.8 microm). It is concluded that highly fluoridated acidic AmF gel can protect enamel against erosion while CasCP, 250 ppm fluoride or a combination of CasCP and 250 ppm fluoride provide little protection.

Topics: Amines; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium Phosphates; Caseins; Cattle; Dental Enamel; Dental Enamel Solubility; Dentifrices; Diamines; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Fluorides; Fluorides, Topical; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Sodium Fluoride; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tin Fluorides; Tooth Erosion

Diet analysis and advice for patients with tooth wear is potentially the most logical intervention to arrest attrition, erosion and abrasion. It is saliva that protects the teeth against corrosion by the acids which soften enamel and make it susceptible to wear. Thus the lifestyles and diet of patients at risk need to be analysed for sources of acid and reasons for lost salivary protection. Medical conditions which put patients at risk of tooth wear are principally: asthma, bulimia nervosa, caffeine addiction, diabetes mellitus, exercise dehydration, functional depression, gastroesophageal reflux in alcoholism, hypertension and syndromes with salivary hypofunction. The sources of acid are various, but loss of salivary protection is the common theme. In healthy young Australians, soft drinks are the main source of acid, and exercise dehydration the main reason for loss of salivary protection. In the medically compromised, diet acids and gastroesophageal reflux are the sources, but medications are the main reasons for lost salivary protection. Diet advice for patients with tooth wear must: promote a healthy lifestyle and diet strategy that conserves the teeth by natural means of salivary stimulation; and address the specific needs of the patients' oral and medical conditions. Individualised, patient-empowering erosion WATCH strategies; on Water, Acid, Taste, Calcium and Health, are urgently required to combat the emerging epidemic of tooth wear currently being experienced in westernised societies.

Topics: Alcoholic Beverages; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Australia; Calcium; Carbonated Beverages; Cariostatic Agents; Drinking Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Life Style; Saliva; Tooth Abrasion; Tooth Attrition; Tooth Erosion; Water

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between dental erosion and caries, and variables including socio-economic status, reported dietary practices and oral hygiene behaviour, in a sample of children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study including dental examination and questionnaire survey was carried out at a number of kindergartens.. A sample of 987 children (2-5-year-olds) was drawn from 17 kindergartens. Clinical examinations were carried out under standardized conditions by a trained and calibrated examiner (MAM). Information regarding diet and socio-economic factors was drawn from questionnaires distributed to the parents through the schools. These were completed before the dental examination.. Of the 987 children, 309 (31%) showed signs of erosion. Caries were diagnosed in 720 (73%) of the children and rampant caries in 336 (34%). Vitamin C supplements, frequent consumption of carbonated drinks and the drinking of fruit syrup from a feeding bottle at bed- or nap-time when the child was a baby, were all related to erosion. Consumption of carbonated drinks and fruit syrups was also related to caries but they were part of a larger number of significant factors including socio-demographic measures and oral hygiene practices.. There was no clear relationship between erosion and social class, or between erosion and oral hygiene practices; the reverse was true for caries. Dietary factors relating to both erosion and caries and/or rampant caries were found in this sample of children.

Topics: Age Factors; Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; Bottle Feeding; Carbonated Beverages; Chi-Square Distribution; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dietary Supplements; Educational Status; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fruit; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Occupations; Odds Ratio; Oral Hygiene; Parents; Physical Examination; Prevalence; Saudi Arabia; Social Class; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tooth Erosion; Toothbrushing

Excessive consumption of acidic fruit juices is associated with dental morbidity. The pH and buffering capacities of fruit juices packaged and consumed in Canada were measured, and the implications on dental pathology of consuming juices of these qualities are discussed. Canadian fruit juices have a pH below the critical dissolving pH of enamel, and have buffering capacities similar to juices produced and consumed elsewhere in the world. Citrus, apple, and grape juice, or blends of these juices, are all potentially hazardous to teeth. Erosion, attrition, decay and dentinal hypersensitivity may all result from abusive juice drinking.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; Buffers; Canada; Citrates; Citric Acid; Dentin Sensitivity; Fruit; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Malates; Sodium Hydroxide; Tartrates; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Erosion

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Tooth Erosion

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Tablets; Tooth Erosion

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Male; Tablets; Tooth Erosion

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Molar; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tooth Erosion

A patient had severe dental erosion that was attributed primarily to the daily chewing of vitamin C tablets for three years. Tests were done to demonstrate the acidity of vitamin C tablets and the demineralization of enamel by a solution made with a tablet. The causes for dental erosion and the varying patterns of erosion are reviewed.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Tablets; Tooth Erosion

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Enamel; Humans; Tablets; Tooth Erosion

The clinical aspects, epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis of dental erosions in man and experimental animals are reviewed. Abrasion of enamel, softened in orange juice for 3 minutes and brushed with various dentifrices, was studied with Knoop hardness measurements and scanning electron microscopy. Knoop indentations made on softened enamel surfaces were almost totally removed by 2-minute brushings with highly abrasive tooth pastes. Brushing without dentifrices only slightly changed the distinctness of the indentation outlines. Recommendations for primary and secondary prevention of erosions are given.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Enamel; Gastric Juice; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Rats; Tooth Abrasion; Tooth Erosion; Toothbrushing