ascorbic-acid and Sunburn

Topics: Acetone; Aminobenzoates; Amodiaquine; Ascorbic Acid; Benzimidazoles; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Chloroquine; Dermatologic Agents; Hydrazines; Hypersensitivity; Melanins; Naphthalenes; Nicotinic Acids; Pharmaceutic Aids; Phenols; Photosensitivity Disorders; Pyridines; Quinolines; Radiation Effects; Salicylates; Skin; Skin Absorption; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays

Safe systemic protection from the health hazards of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in sunlight is desirable. Green tea is consumed globally and is reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, which may be mediated through the impact on cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways. Recent data suggest that green tea catechins (GTCs) reduce acute UVR effects, but human trials examining their photoprotective potential are scarce.. We performed a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to examine whether GTCs protect against clinical, histologic, and biochemical indicators of UVR-induced inflammation.. Healthy adults (aged 18-65 y, phototypes I-II) were randomly allocated to 1350 mg encapsulated green tea extract (540 mg GTC) with 50 mg vitamin C or placebo twice daily for 3 mo. Impact on skin erythema, dermal leukocytic infiltration, and concentrations of proinflammatory eicosanoids was assessed after solar-simulated UVR challenge, and subject compliance was determined through assay of urinary GTC metabolite epigallocatechin glucuronide.. Volunteers were assigned to the active (n = 25) or the placebo (n = 25) group. After supplementation, median (IQR) sunburn threshold (minimal erythema dose) was 28 (20-28) and 20 (20-28) mJ/cm(2) in the active and placebo groups, respectively (nonsignificant), with no difference in AUC analysis for measured erythema index after a geometric series of 10 UVR doses. Skin immunohistochemistry showed increased neutrophil and CD3(+) T-lymphocyte numbers post-UVR in both groups (P < 0.01) with no statistically significant differences between groups after supplementation. Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites prostaglandin E2 (vasodilator) and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoicacid (chemoattractant), respectively, increased after UVR (P < 0.05), with no differences between supplementation groups.. Oral GTC (1080 mg/d) with vitamin C over 3 mo did not significantly reduce skin erythema, leukocyte infiltration, or eicosanoid response to UVR inflammatory challenge. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01032031.

Topics: 12-Hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic Acid; Administration, Oral; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Catechin; Dietary Supplements; Dinoprostone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Erythema; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Skin; Sunburn; Tea; Ultraviolet Rays; Young Adult

The objective of the study was to investigate whether a topical antioxidant complex containing vitamins C and E and ferulic acid can protect solar-simulated ultraviolet irradiation (ssUVR)-induced acute photodamage in human skin.. Twelve healthy female Chinese subjects were enrolled in this study. Four unexposed sites on dorsal skin were marked for the experiment. The products containing antioxidant complex and vehicle were applied onto 2 sites, respectively, for 4 consecutive days. On day 4, the antioxidant complex-treated site, the vehicle-treated site, and the untreated site (positive control) received ssUVR (5 times the minimal erythema dose). The fourth site (negative control) received neither ssUVR nor treatment. Digital photographs were taken, and skin color was measured pre- and postirradiation. Skin biopsies were obtained 24 hours after exposure to ssUVR, for hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining.. A single, 5 times the minimal erythema dose of ssUVR substantially induced large amounts of sunburn cell formation, thymine dimer formation, overexpression of p53 protein, and depletion of CD1a+ Langerhans cells. The antioxidant complex containing vitamins C and E and ferulic acid conferred significant protection against biological events compared with other irradiated sites.. A topical antioxidant complex containing vitamins C and E and ferulic acid has potential photoprotective effects against ssUVR-induced acute photodamage in human skin.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; China; Coumaric Acids; Drug Combinations; Erythema; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Skin; Sunburn; Treatment Outcome; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin E; Young Adult

Skin cancer and photoaging changes result from ultraviolet (UV)-induced oxidative stress. Topical antioxidants may protect skin from these effects.. We sought to determine whether a stable topical formulation of 15% L-ascorbic acid, 1% alpha-tocopherol, and 0.5% ferulic acid (CEFer) could protect human skin in vivo from substantial amounts of solar-simulated UV radiation.. CEFer and its vehicle were applied to separate patches of normal-appearing human skin for 4 days. Each patch was irradiated with solar-simulated UV, 2 to 10 minimal erythema doses, at 2-minimal erythema dose intervals. One day later, skin was evaluated for erythema and sunburn cells, and immunohistochemically for thymine dimers and p53. UV-induced cytokine formation, including interleukin (IL)-1alpha, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction.. CEFer provided significant and meaningful photoprotection for skin by all methods of evaluation.. The number of patients evaluated was relatively small.. CEFer provided substantial UV photoprotection for skin. It is particularly effective for reducing thymine dimer mutations known to be associated with skin cancer. Its mechanism of action is different from sunscreens and would be expected to supplement the sun protection provided by sunscreens.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Coumaric Acids; Cytokines; DNA Damage; DNA Primers; Drug Combinations; Erythema; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pyrimidine Dimers; Radiation Dosage; RNA, Messenger; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sunburn; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Ultraviolet Rays

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation is known to cause many adverse side effects by inducing the tissue to produce reactive oxygen species. By inhibiting these mediators, administration ofantioxidants might be the strategy to reduce UVA-induced skin reaction such as tissue damage and inflammation. However the present study showed that administration of topical 10% vitamin C derivative (VC-PMG) and topical 5% vitamin E has no effect in terms ofprevention or treatment of UVA suntan skin in 20 volunteers. Prior to 30 Joules UVA exposures, they were asked to apply both agents twice daily for 3 days. Then, the melanin index was measured immediately after irradiation by using the Maxemeter which was insignificant at the 95% level of confidence compared with the placebo. After continuing the cream application for 12 weeks, there were also no bleaching effects observed after 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks compared to the placebo.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Skin Absorption; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sunburn; Treatment Outcome; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin E

DNA damage caused by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is considered the main etiologic factor contributing to the development of skin cancer. Systemic or topical application of antioxidants has been suggested as a protective measure against UV-induced skin damage. We investigated the effect of long-term oral administration of a combination of the antioxidants ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and D-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in human volunteers on UVB-induced epidermal damage. The intake of vitamins C and E for a period of 3 mo significantly reduced the sunburn reaction to UVB irradiation. Detection of thymine dimers in the skin using a specific antibody revealed a significant increase of this type of DNA damage following UVB exposure. After 3 mo of antioxidant administration, significantly less thymine dimers were induced by the UVB challenge, suggesting that antioxidant treatment protected against DNA damage.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biopsy; DNA Damage; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epidermis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrimidine Dimers; Sunburn; Ultraviolet Rays

Ultraviolet radiation absorption is responsible for the production of free radicals in damaged cells. This side effect may be neutralized using antioxidant substances. It has been reported that ascorbic acid and d-alpha-tocopherol scavenge reactive oxygen species. In a single-blind controlled clinical trial we studied 45 healthy volunteers divided into three groups. Group 1 received d-alpha-tocopherol 1,200 I.U. daily; Group 2 ascorbic acid 2 g daily and Group 3 ascorbic acid 2 g plus d-alpha-tocopherol 1,200 I.U. daily. Treatment was sustained for one week. Before and after treatment, the minimal erythema dose was determined in all participants. The results show that the median minimal erythema dose increased from 60 to 65 mJ/cm2 in Group 1 and from 50 to 70 mJ/cm2 in Group 3. No modifications were observed in Group 2. We conclude that d-alpha-tocopherol prescribed in combination with ascorbic acid produces the best photoprotective effect.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Male; Probability; Radiation Dosage; Reference Values; Regional Blood Flow; Sensitivity and Specificity; Skin Absorption; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sunburn; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin E

UV radiation causes acute adverse effects like sunburn, photosensitivity reactions, or immunologic suppression, as well as long-term sequelae like photoaging or malignant skin tumors. UV radiation induces tissues to produce reactive oxygen species, eicosanoids and cytokines. Inhibition of these mediators might reduce skin damage. Antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and d-alpha-tocopherol have been found to be photoprotective in some in vitro studies and animal experiments.. Our purpose was to assess the protective effect of systemic vitamins C and E against sunburn in human beings.. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, each of 10 subjects took daily either 2 gm of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) combined with 1000 IU of d-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) or placebo. The sunburn reaction before and after 8 days of treatment was assessed by determination of the threshold UV dose for eliciting sunburn (minimal erythema dose [MED]) and by measuring the cutaneous blood flow of skin irradiated with incremental UV doses against that of nonirradiated skin.. The median MED of those taking vitamins increased from 80 to 96.5 mJ/cm2 (p < 0.01), whereas it declined from 80 to 68.5 mJ/cm2 in the placebo group. Cutaneous blood flow changed significantly (p < 0.05) for most irradiation doses with decreases in those given vitamins and increases in the placebo group.. Combined vitamins C and E reduce the sunburn reaction, which might indicate a consequent reduced risk for later sequelae of UV-induced skin damage. The increase of sunburn reactivity in the placebo group could be related to "priming" by the previous UV exposure.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Cytokines; Double-Blind Method; Eicosanoids; Erythema; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Radiation Dosage; Reactive Oxygen Species; Regional Blood Flow; Risk Factors; Skin; Sunburn; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin E

In this clinical trial we studied whether oral supplementation with D-alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Toc), L-ascorbic acid (Asc), or alpha-Toc combined with Asc influenced the solar simulated radiation (SSR) induced skin inflammation in healthy volunteers.. We investigated the following groups in a prospective, randomized and placebo controlled study: Group (1) alpha-Toc 2 g/day, group (2) Asc 3 g/day, group (3) alpha-Toc 2 g/day combined with Asc 3 g/day, and group (4) placebo. Before and 50 days after supplementation we analyzed alpha-Toc and Asc concentrations in keratinocytes. The dose response curve of UV erythema was determined by reflectance spectrophotometry and the minimal erythema dose (MED) by visual grading before and after supplementation.. 50 days after supplementation alpha-Toc keratinocyte levels were increased in groups (1) and (3), Asc concentrations were elevated in groups (2) and (3), and the a/gamma-Toc ratio increased in groups (1) and (3). The dose response curve of UVR induced erythema showed a significant flattening and the MED increased from 103 +/- 29 mJ/cm2 (before supplementation) to 183 +/- 35 mJ/cm2 (after supplementation) in group (3), while there were no significant changes in groups (1) and (2) after vitamin supplementation.. Alpha-Toc and Asc act synergistically in suppression of the sunburn reaction.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Drug Synergism; Erythema; Humans; Inflammation; Keratinocytes; Skin; Spectrophotometry; Sunburn; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin E

Isoflavones, one main group of phytoestrogens, have antioxidative and photoprotective effects in cellular and mouse studies. The aim of this study is to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the isoflavone-mediated photoprotection with the pig skin model, a more human-resembling model.. The pig skin was treated with five well-known isoflavone compounds (genistein, equol, daidzein, biochanin A, and formononetin) and one antioxidant combination solution of 15% vitamin C and 1% vitamin E and 0.5% ferulic acid (CEF) daily for 4 days. Skin was irradiated with solar-simulated UV irradiation, 1 to 5 minimal erythema dose (MED) at 1-MED intervals. Evaluation was carried out 24 h later by colorimeter-measured erythema and sunburn cell numbers.. Topical application of 0.5% solutions of three individual phytoestrogens - genistein, daidzein, biochanin A - are better than similar solutions of equol or formononetin in protecting pig skin from solar-simulated ultraviolet (SSUV)-induced photodamage, as measured by sunburn cell formation and/or erythema. However, the protection was less than that provided by a topical combination antioxidant standard containing 15% L-ascorbic acid, 1%alpha-tocopherol, and 0.5% ferulic acid.. Isoflavones provide effective photoprotection and are good candidate ingredients for protection against ultraviolet (UV) photodamage.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Coumaric Acids; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Equol; Genistein; Isoflavones; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Skin; Sunburn; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents; Swine; Vitamin E

Virtually all plants and animals protect themselves from the sun using vitamins C and E.. The purpose of this study was to see if a combination of topical vitamins C and E is better for UV protection to skin than an equivalent concentration of topical vitamin C or E alone.. We developed a stable aqueous solution of 15% L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and 1% alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E). We applied antioxidant or vehicle solutions to pig skin daily for 4 days. We irradiated (1-5x minimal erythema dose) control- and antioxidant-treated skin using a solar simulator with a 295-nm band-pass filter. On day 5, we measured antioxidant protection factor, erythema, sunburn cells, and thymine dimers.. The combination of 15% L-ascorbic acid and 1% alpha-tocopherol provided significant protection against erythema and sunburn cell formation; either L-ascorbic acid or 1% alpha-tocopherol alone also was protective but the combination was superior. Application during 4 days provided progressive protection that yielded an antioxidant protection factor of 4-fold. In addition, the combination of vitamins C and E provided protection against thymine dimer formation.. Appreciable photoprotection can be obtained from the combination of topical vitamins C and E. We suggest that these natural products may protect against skin cancer and photoaging.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Combinations; Erythema; Immunohistochemistry; Pyrimidine Dimers; Sunburn; Swine; Vitamin E

Topics: Administration, Topical; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epidermis; Humans; Male; Melanocytes; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin E

The biological activity of the novel vitamin C derivative, 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2G), was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The percutaneous absorption of AA-2G was determined in five Japanese males. The excretion of ascorbic acid (AA) in the subjects administered AA-2G was sustained for a longer period than in the subjects administered ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AA-2P), which is a conventional vitamin C derivative. An analysis of the distribution of AA in the skin showed that small black specks assumed to be AA were observed in the epidermis even 3 d after applying AA-2G. The melanin synthesis in B16 melanoma cells was inhibited more by AA-2G than by AA-2P, and AA-2G also prevented more UV-induced damage of human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts than AA-2P did. From these in vivo and in vitro results, it is supposed that the conversion of AA-2G to AA is sustained for a long time compared with that of AA-2P, and that AA-2G is an effective and available compound having vitamin C activity in human subjects.

Topics: Absorption; Ascorbic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Cosmetics; Epidermis; Humans; Hydroxyl Radical; Keratinocytes; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Melanins; Melanoma; Skin; Sunburn; Tissue Distribution; Tumor Cells, Cultured; Ultraviolet Rays

Considerable interest has been recently generated concerning the use of natural compounds, anti-oxidants in particular, in photoprotection. Two of the best known anti-oxidants are vitamins C and E, both of which have been shown to be somewhat effective in different models of photodamage. Very little has been reported, however, on the effectiveness of a combination of the two (known to be biologically the more relevant situation); nor have there been detailed studies on the ability of these antioxidants to augment commercial sunscreen protection against UV damage. We report that (in swine skin) vitamin C is capable of additive protection against acute UVB damage (sunburn cell formation) when combined with a UVB sunscreen. A combination of both vitamins E and C provided very good protection from a UVB insult, the bulk of the protection attributable to vitamin E. However, vitamin C is significantly better than vitamin E at protecting against a UVA-mediated phototoxic insult in this animal model, while the combination is only slightly more effective than vitamin C alone. When vitamin C or a combination of vitamin C and E is formulated with a commercial UVA sunscreen (oxybenzone), an apparently greater than additive protection is noted against the phototoxic damage. These results confirm the utility of anti-oxidants as photoprotectants but suggest the importance of combining the compounds with known sunscreens to maximize photoprotection.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Benzophenones; Cellulose; Dermatologic Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Male; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Propylene Glycol; Propylene Glycols; Radiation Protection; Skin; Skin Aging; Sunburn; Sunscreening Agents; Swine; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin E

Ultraviolet radiation damage to the skin is due, in part, to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) functions as a biological co-factor and antioxidant due to its reducing properties. Topical application of vitamin C has been shown to elevate significantly cutaneous levels of this vitamin in pigs, and this correlates with protection of the skin from UVB damage as measured by erythema and sunburn cell formation. This protection is biological and due to the reducing properties of the molecule. Further, we provide evidence that the vitamin C levels of the skin can be severely depleted after UV irradiation, which would lower this organ's innate protective mechanism as well as leaving it at risk of impaired healing after photoinduced damage. In addition, vitamin C protects porcine skin from UVA-mediated phototoxic reactions (PUVA) and therefore shows promise as a broad-spectrum photoprotectant.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Male; Regional Blood Flow; Skin; Skin Absorption; Sunburn; Ultraviolet Rays

An antioxidant supplemented diet provided marked systemic protection against ultraviolet light mediated erythema in hairless mice. Among the individual constituents of the diet, butylated hydroxytoluene was most effective whereas glutathione and vitamins C and E afforded negligible protection. The mixture of antioxidants, and butylated hydroxytoluene individually, demonstrated diminished, but significant, protection when applied topically. The safety of this systemic photoprotectant and its clinical relevance at present is unknown.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Butylated Hydroxytoluene; Female; Glutathione; Mice; Sunburn; Ultraviolet Rays; Vitamin E