ascorbic-acid and Staphylococcal-Infections

The definition of sepsis continues to be as dynamic as the management strategies used to treat this. Sepsis-3 has replaced the earlier systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)-based diagnoses with the rapid Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score assisting in predicting overall prognosis with regards to mortality. Surgeons have an important role in ensuring adequate source control while recognizing the threat of carbapenem-resistance in gram-negative organisms. Rapid diagnostic tests are being used increasingly for the early identification of multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs), with a key emphasis on the multidisciplinary alert of results. Novel, higher generation antibiotic agents have been developed for resistance in ESKCAPE (

Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Angiotensin II; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Duration of Therapy; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Enterococcus faecium; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Machine Learning; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methylene Blue; Organ Dysfunction Scores; Patient Care Bundles; Postoperative Complications; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Procalcitonin; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Staphylococcal Infections; Thiamine; Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Cholangitis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Erythromycin; Female; Fungi; Humans; Infant; Infections; Male; Meningitis; Meningoencephalitis; Peritonitis; Pneumonia; Staphylococcal Infections; Urine

Infections affecting neonates caused by Staphylococcus aureus are widespread in healthcare facilities; hence, novel strategies are needed to fight this pathogen. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the FDA-approved medications ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate to reduce the virulence of the resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that causes neonatal sepsis and seek out suitable alternatives to the problem of multi-drug resistance.. Tested drugs were assessed phenotypically and genotypically for their effects on virulence factors and virulence-encoding genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, drugs were tested in vivo for their ability to reduce Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis.. Sub-inhibitory concentrations (1/8 MIC) of ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate reduced the production of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, including biofilm formation, staphyloxanthin, proteases, and hemolysin production, as well as resistance to oxidative stress. At the molecular level, qRT-PCR was used to assess the relative expression levels of crtM, sigB, sarA, agrA, hla, fnbA, and icaA genes regulating virulence factors production and showed a significant reduction in the relative expression levels of all the tested genes.. The current findings reveal that ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate have strong anti-virulence effects against Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, suggesting that they might be used as adjuvants to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in combination with conventional antimicrobials or as alternative therapies.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Biofilms; Dexamethasone; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Neonatal Sepsis; Sodium Bicarbonate; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Virulence Factors

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AscH2) has been shown to enhance immunity. Here, we studied its immunomodulatory effect on human endothelial cells (ECs) during S. aureus infection.. The ex vivo effects of AscH2 were performed on primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) infected or not with S. aureus.. AscH2 treatment induced a marked downregulation of nitric oxide (NO) production and a moderate upregulation of arginase activity in S. aureus-infected HUVECs (respectively, p < 0.05 and p > 0.05). Although the upregulated release levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecular 1 (sICAM-1/sCD54) and sE-selectin (sCD62E) molecules were not significantly different between treated and untreated S. aureus-infected HUVECs, AscH2 treatment induced reversing effect on sICAM-1 release when comparing to uninfected control HUVECs. Moreover, AscH2 treatment appears to have a significant effect on preventing HUVEC necrosis induced by S. aureus infection (p < 0.05). Furthermore, AscH2 treatment induced a significant upregulation of cell protective redox biomarker in S. aureus-infected, as shown by superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (p < 0.05), but not by catalase activity (p > 0.05). Additionally, S. aureus infection markedly downregulated total bound calcium ions (. Our outcomes demonstrated that, during S. aureus infection, AscH2 treatment promotes human ECs survival and function, as well as prevents inflammatory response exacerbation, while inducing bactericidal activity.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Nitric Oxide; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Targeted and effective therapy of diseases demands utilization of rapid methods of identification of the given markers. Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in conjunction with streptavidin-biotin complex is a promising alternative to culture or PCR based methods used for such purposes. Many biotinylated antibodies are available on the market and so this system offers a powerful tool for many analytical applications. Here, we present a very fast and easy-to-use procedure for preparation of streptavidin coated magnetic polystyrene-Au (or Ag) nanocomposite particles as efficient substrate for surface SERS purposes. As a precursor for the preparation of SERS active and magnetically separable composite, commercially available streptavidin coated polystyrene (PS) microparticles with a magnetic core were utilized. These composites of PS particles with silver or gold nanoparticles were prepared by reducing Au(III) or Ag(I) ions using ascorbic acid or dopamine. The choice of the reducing agent influences the morphology and the size of the prepared Ag or Au particles (15-100 nm). The prepare composites were also characterized by HR-TEM images, mapping of elements and also magnetization measurements. The content of Au and Ag was determined by AAS analysis. The synthesized composites have a significantly lower density against magnetic composites based on iron oxides, which considerably decreases the tendency to sedimentation. The polystyrene shell on a magnetic iron oxide core also pronouncedly reduces the inclination to particle aggregation. Moreover, the preparation and purification of this SERS substrate takes only a few minutes. The PS composite with thorny Au particles with the size of approximately 100 nm prepared was utilized for specific and selective detection of Staphylococcus aureus infection in joint knee fluid (PJI) and tau protein (marker for Alzheimer disease).

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Dopamine; Gold; Humans; Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Polystyrenes; Silver; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptavidin; Synovial Fluid; tau Proteins

Vancomycin is recommended for treating severe infections caused by Gram-positive cocci, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. However, renal damage often occurs as a side effect because vancomycin is mainly excreted via the kidneys. The mechanism of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity is thought to involve the elevation of oxidative stress in the kidneys. Vitamin C (VC) has strong antioxidant properties; therefore, we evaluated the effect of high-dose VC preadministration on vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity. Vancomycin was intraperitoneally injected into mice once daily for 7 d. Additionally, high-dose VC was intraperitoneally injected into mice at 30 min before vancomycin administration for 7 d. The plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were increased by vancomycin treatment; however, high-dose VC preadministration suppressed the increase in these levels. Histological examination also revealed that high-dose VC preadministration reduced the characteristics of vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity, such as dilated renal tubules with casts, the dilation of renal proximal tubules, and tubular epithelial desquamation. Furthermore, high-dose VC preadministration reduced the appearance of apoptotic cells presumably derived from the epithelial cells in the dilated proximal tubules. Thus, intraperitoneally injected high-dose VC preadministration reduced vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in mice. These novel findings may indicate that vancomycin-associated nephrotoxicity in humans may be reduced by high-dose VC preadministration.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Staphylococcal Infections; Vancomycin

Ascorbate is a low-cost compound with a known bactericidal-synergy to antibitics. However, the synergy depends on concentrations and organisms. Thus, the synergy test by time-kill assay might be appropriate for the screening of the synergy.. We aimed to test the adjuvant property of ascorbate with ceftriaxone, a frequently prescribed β-lactam antibiotic.. Ascorbate was tested with several bacteria from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) including Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli for i) bactericidal property of ascorbate, alone or with ceftriaxone-combination, by time-kill assay, ii) an influence on the killing-activity of bone -marrow-derived macrophage and iii) the attenuation of myositis mouse model.. The bactericidal synergy (determined with time-kill assay at 24 h) against S. aureus, but not other selected bacteria, was demonstrated in ascorbate (10 and 40 mM) plus ceftriaxone at the minimal inhibitory concentration (1x MIC). Ascorbate alone, without antibiotic, enhanced macrophage killing-activity and directly eliminated bacteria at the concentration 10-40mM and 250mM, respectively (both properties presented against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, but not other bacteria). Ascorbate with ceftriaxone also reduced bacterial burdens in muscle and serum cytokines of S. aureus -myositis mouse model. Moreover, the synergy against the clinical isolated methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) by time-kill assay and myositis model also presented.. Ascorbate-ceftriaxone synergy against S. aureus was demonstrated by time-kill assay and myositis model. Time-kill assy might be valuable as a screening test to select the patients that potentially benefit from ascorbate- ceftriaxone adjuvant therapy.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Bacteria; Ceftriaxone; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Phagocytosis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Alarming increase of death due to S. aureus sepsis demands newer treatment strategies. Enhancement of antibiotic resistant S. aureus strains caused increased mortality. Only antibiotic treatment for Staphylococcal sepsis has been found insufficient to improve outcomes. In the innate immune response, phagocytosis mediated killing of pathogen and further triggering of intracellular signaling cascades by the PRRs culminates in the release of a variety of pro inflammatory cytokines, which orchestrate together in the early host response to infection. Increased production of inflammatory cytokines not only delineate pathogen burden but also affects host cell by triggering inflammation. Therefore, combinational therapy of Ascorbic acid is used along with antibiotics Ofloxacin (OFX) or Chloramphenicol (CHL) to kill S. aureus by mouse peritoneal macrophages. For this ROS like H

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Chloramphenicol; Cyclooxygenase 2; Cytokines; Drug Therapy, Combination; Hydrogen Peroxide; Inflammation; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Ofloxacin; Phagocytosis; Staphylococcal Infections; Superoxides; Toll-Like Receptor 2

Hepatotoxicity due to anti tuberculosis drugs, rifampin and isoniazid, is a major problem in tuberculosis patients. Vitamin C, an antioxidant, and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a scavenger of active metabolites, reduce the hepatotoxicity. The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of vitamin C and NAC individually on the antibacterial activity of anti tuberculosis drugs against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Staphylococcus aureus strains.. The MICs of each compound against all strains were determined in 96 wells plate. Rifampin was tested at serial two fold concentrations alone or in combination with NAC or vitamin C.. The MIC of rifampin against different strains of S. aureus was 0.008-0.032 μg/ml. The MIC of rifampin and isoniazid against M. tuberculosis strains were 40 and 0.2 μg/ml, respectively. Vitamin C and NAC had no antibacterial activity against all strains. MIC of rifampin was reduced two fold by combination with vitamin C for all S. aureus strains, while NAC did not affect the antibacterial activity of rifampin. Vitamin C and NAC had remarkable effects on the antibacterial activity of anti-tuberculosis drugs against M. tuberculosis.. Synergistic effects were observed between rifampin or isoniazid and vitamin C against all tested strains. However, combination therapy of rifampin and isoniazid with NAC was not being effective. This study highlighted the advantages of combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs and vitamin C to eradicate the microbial infections.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Antitubercular Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Isoniazid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Rifampin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Tuberculosis

A complex of lincomycin was synthesized with technetium-99m. The synthesis was carried out by using SnCl2.2H2O as reducing agent and ascorbic acid as stabilizer. The effect of various parameters such as amount of ligand/reducing agent, pH value and reaction time on radio labeling process was studied. The characterization of the (99m)Tc-Lincomycin was performed by HPLC and electrophoresis Biodistribution studies were carried out by analyzing the model of bacterial infectious rats (Sprague-Dawley). The uptake of infectious lesions at different time interval was also studied by using scintigraphic technique. The complex showed effective target to non-target ratio for various inflammatory or infectious lesions. The (99m)Tc-Lincomycin effective binding to living bacteria and could be used successfully as an infection imaging agent.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disease Models, Animal; Excipients; Lincomycin; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Rabbits; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reducing Agents; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Technetium; Tin Compounds; Tissue Distribution

To study the effects of gentamicin in combination with ascorbic acid on septic arthritis, mice were infected with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and treated with gentamicin, which was given at 5 mg/kg after 24 h of infection, followed by ascorbic acid, given at 20 mg/kg body weight after 2 h of gentamicin treatment. Mice were sacrificed at 3, 9, 15 days post-infection (dpi). Combined treatment of infected mice with gentamicin and ascorbic acid eradicated the bacteria from the blood, spleen and synovial tissue and showed a significant gross reduction in arthritis, reduced serum levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). S. aureus-infected mice have demonstrated the disturbed antioxidant status measured in terms of cellular antioxidants like reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. The same were ameliorated when the animals were co-treated with gentamicin along with ascorbic acid.

Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Infectious; Ascorbic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Disease Progression; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gentamicins; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Male; Mice; Oxidative Stress; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Superoxide Dismutase; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Scattering Vitamin C of a small dose on a bedsore, enhances remarkably bactericidal effect of antibiotics. With scattering of it, 1% cream of Sulfadiazine made antibiotics-resistant bacteria (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus = MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc.) negative on a bedsore. Also in MRSA-infection of respiratory organs, combined administration of Vitamin C gives more effective bactericidal efficacy to some antibiotics. In a case infected with MRSA, of which the Minocycline-therapy had been ineffective, the combined administration of Vitamin C with Minocycline led him successfully to the negativeness of MRSA.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Minocycline; Pressure Ulcer; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections

At the treatment of a bedsore of which had been resistant to various sorts of antibiotics, the mixture of several drugs was used for the treatment of its bedsore. Those drugs from which were used as the drugs-mixture, are 1% liquid of Pioctanin (C24H28N3Cl). 600 mg of Ascorbic acid, 9 mg of Pantothenic calcium and 20mg of hydrochloric Amitriptyline, respectively. The drugs-mixture, as mentioned above, has been scattered over its bedsore before the usual traditional treatment. After that, the bedsore has been treated by Gebencream (1% Cream of Sulfadiazine silver) as usually. Since a few days after that, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has never been able to be found on its bedsore at all. After a month, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Serratia marcescens, which had been resistant to many antibioticus till that, cannot be found at all, too.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Male; Powders; Pressure Ulcer; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

A burned guinea-pig model (30 per cent BSA) was used to study the effect of vitamin C on immune and metabolic responses following burn trauma. Thirty-six guinea-pigs received identical enteral diets (175 kcal/kg) except for the amount of vitamin C. Groups I, II, III and IV were given formulae delivering no vitamin C, (1 RDA) 15 mg/kg/day, 75 mg/kg/day or 375 mg/kg/day, respectively. Resistance to infection was evaluated by injecting each animal with 0.1 ml of 1 x 10(9) Staph. aureus 502A subcutaneously on day 10. On day 14, Staph. aureus abscesses were excised and the numbers of viable colonies were determined. Results showed no statistical differences between groups in the clearance of Staph. aureus. From days 2 to 12, animals in groups I, II and III had body weights of approximately 97 per cent of preburn body weight. Animals in group IV, however, had a body weight gain, 102 per cent of preburn body weight on day 12. Animals in group IV also had significantly lower metabolic rates on day 12 as compared to the animals in the other groups. These results suggest that large amounts of vitamin C have beneficial effects on the maintenance of body weight and metabolic rate following burn trauma.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Body Weight; Burns; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Guinea Pigs; Organ Size; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Indoles; Mice; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Staphylococcal Infections

2 children with undue susceptibility to skin infections and isolated defective neutrophil bacterial killing are described. Since the NBT-reducing capabilities of granulocytes were normal, a mild form of chronic granulomatous disease was excluded. Ascorbic acid was effective in delaying and eventually suppressing infectious episodes.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Blood Bactericidal Activity; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Child; Female; Granulomatous Disease, Chronic; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Neutrophils; Pyoderma; Recurrence; Staphylococcal Infections

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Blood; Chromatography; Eye Diseases; Hexosamines; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Injections; Optics and Photonics; Rabbits; Sodium Chloride; Staphylococcal Infections; Viscosity; Vitreous Body

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Erythromycin; Female; Fetal Death; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Rats; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Myositis; Staphylococcal Infections; Suppuration; Tropical Medicine

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Extracellular Space; Hexosamines; Hyaluronic Acid; Inflammation; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Proteins; Sodium; Staphylococcal Infections; Uronic Acids; Wounds and Injuries

Topics: Aminosalicylic Acids; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Chlortetracycline; Dihydrostreptomycin Sulfate; Drug Synergism; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillin V; Riboflavin; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus; Surgical Wound Infection; Thiamine; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Chronic Disease; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Infections; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Osteomyelitis; Peritonitis; Pleural Diseases; Pneumonia; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Suppuration; Surgical Wound Infection; Tetracycline; Thiamine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Cloxacillin; Female; Humans; Kanamycin; Male; Methicillin; Oxacillin; Penicillin G; Penicillin Resistance; Penicillins; Ristocetin; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Vancomycin

Topics: Antitoxins; Ascorbic Acid; Electrocardiography; Myocarditis; Niacin; Pharmacology; Rats; Research; Riboflavin; Staphylococcal Infections; Testosterone; Testosterone Propionate; Toxicology; Toxins, Biological

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Borrelia Infections; Dental Prophylaxis; Diet; Diet Therapy; Drug Therapy; Folic Acid; Fusobacterium; Gingivitis; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Necrosis; Pathology; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamerazine; Sulfamethazine; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Antibody Formation; Ascorbic Acid; Chloramphenicol; Cobalt Isotopes; Nucleic Acids; Peptides; Pharmacology; Proteus Infections; Rabbits; Radiation Injuries; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Research; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptomycin

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Communicable Diseases; Mental Disorders; Staphylococcal Infections; Vitamins