ascorbic-acid and Salmonella-Infections--Animal

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) infection is not only a leading cause of poor production performance and compromised animal welfare in broilers but also a potential threat to public health. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplemental vitamin C (VC) on SE challenged-broilers. In experiment 1, one hundred eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acre broilers were randomly allocated into 3 treatments, with 0, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg VC included in the diet. In experiment 2, dietary VC at 0 or 500 mg/kg, with or without SE challenge was applied in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement in 6 randomized complete blocks. In experiment 1, addition with 500 mg/kg VC increased BW and infectious bursal disease (IBD) titer of broilers on 35 D (P < 0.05), whereas 1,000 mg/kg VC had no effects on the IBD titer (P > 0.05) compared with the control group. In experiment 2, SE challenge depressed BW on 11 and 21 D (P < 0.05 and P = 0.088, respectively), whereas increased mortality and hepatic bacterial translocation (P < 0.05) on 21 D. Further, SE challenge resulted in lower villus height in jejunum, lower microbial richness, and diversity, whereas higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in cecum (P < 0.05). Importantly, supplementation with VC increased BW on both 21 and 35 D (P < 0.05 and P = 0.088, respectively) and enhanced the intestinal health by improving villus morphology and microbial structure as indicated by higher cecal microbial richness and Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, while lower abundance of Enterobacteriaceae (P < 0.05). In addition, birds fed with 500 mg/kg VC in the diet had significantly increased jejunal secretory immunoglobulin A levels, T lymphocytes stimulation index, and serum total antioxidant capability compared with groups without VC (P < 0.05). In conclusion, SE challenge induced lower production performance and higher mortality in broilers. However, dietary supplementation with VC ameliorated SE-caused damage in broilers by improving the intestinal health, partly mediated by shaping the structure of cecal microbiota.

Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Chickens; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Poultry Diseases; Random Allocation; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Vitamins

To compare the conventional plating method vs a fluorometric method using PrestoBlue. A concentration of 10. The results of this study suggest that there could be an antagonistic bactericidal effect between AA and CUR and AA and BA as well as a synergistic bactericidal effect between BA and CUR.. These findings may contribute to the development of a formulation with microencapsulated compounds to liberate them in different compartments to combat S. Enteritidis infections in broiler chickens.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Boric Acids; Chickens; Curcumin; Diet; Gastrointestinal Tract; Poultry Diseases; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella Infections, Animal

Genetic line and diet affect chicken heterophil activity and gene expression, and the combination of these factors can enhance disease resistance. This study evaluated the effects of immune modulating diets on heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio and heterophil chemokine expression in distinct genetic lines. Fayoumi and Leghorn chickens were fed a basal diet or immune modulating diets enhanced with β-glucans, ascorbic acid, or corticosterone. H/L ratios and heterophil gene expression in response to in vitro stimulation with Salmonella enteritidis (SE) were evaluated on days 1, 3, 7, and 21 of diet treatment. The stress-mimicking corticosterone diet influenced H/L ratio in the Leghorn line, but not the Fayoumi line, suggesting resistance to stress-induced immunosuppression in the Fayoumi line. Leghorn line H/L ratios were increased on days 1 and 3 of corticosterone diet treatment, but not days 7 or 21. Expression of CXCLi2 by SE stimulated heterophils was higher in the Leghorn line, suggesting that Leghorns rely more heavily on inflammatory response than do Fayoumis. Corticosterone diet was associated with reduced CXCLi2 expression in heterophils from both lines. Dietary β-glucan or ascorbic acid did not affect H/L ratio or CXCLi2 expression, suggesting that benefits of these immunomodulators may not be evident in healthy birds.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avian Proteins; beta-Glucans; Chickens; Corticosterone; Diet; Gene Expression; Granulocytes; Immunologic Factors; Interleukin-8; Poultry Diseases; Salmonella enteritidis; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Species Specificity

To determine if β-glucan plus ascorbic acid affects adherence and pathogenicity of Salmonella Dublin and innate immune response in neonatal calves, 20 calves were fed control or supplemented diets (β-glucan, 0.9 g/d, plus ascorbic acid, 500 mg/d) until d 23. On d 21, 5 calves per treatment received 2.4 × 10(8)CFU of S. Dublin orally. S. Dublin spread through intestinal tissues into mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), spleen, and lung tissues within 48 h. All supplemented calves had less mRNA expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist in liver. Leukocyte cell surface markers changed in lung cells, but not in blood, MLN, or spleen. CD14 in lungs was greatest for calves receiving supplement and challenge, but CD18 in lungs was greater for challenged than control calves. Lung DEC205 was greatest for challenged calves with and without supplement compared to controls, but more lung cells expressed CD14 for all treated groups compared to controls. These data show that S. Dublin briefly inhabited the intestinal tract, moving quickly to spleen, MLN, and lung tissues. Lung tissue was modulated by S. Dublin, but supplement alone increased CD14 expressing cells. The supplement appears not to attenuate invasiness but modified some lung cell populations by 48h.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Ascorbic Acid; beta-Glucans; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; CD18 Antigens; Dietary Supplements; Feces; Flow Cytometry; Immunophenotyping; Intestines; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Lung; Lymph Nodes; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Salmonella typhimurium; Spleen; Virulence

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Vaccines; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Mice; Rabbits; Salmonella; Salmonella Infections, Animal; Swine; Swine Diseases; Vaccination