ascorbic-acid and Respiratory-Distress-Syndrome--Newborn

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome results from an uncontrolled, overexpression of the normal host inflammatory response, leading to destruction of host tissue and subsequent organ failure. Oxidant stress has been implicated in this process both as a mechanism for direct cellular injury, as well as activation of intracellular signaling cascades within inflammatory cells resulting in progression of the inflammatory response. Vitamin E is an inexpensive, nontoxic, chain-breaking antioxidant that has therapeutic potential in regulating this process. This review seeks to evaluate the current literature regarding the use of Vitamin E in controlling the excessive inflammation seen in systemic inflammatory response syndrome and argues for further study of its therapeutic potential for these critically ill patients.

Topics: Acute Disease; alpha-Tocopherol; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation; Models, Biological; Models, Chemical; Multiple Organ Failure; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Vitamin E

To compare the risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with spontaneous (SPTB) versus indicated preterm births (IPTB).. A secondary analysis of a multicenter trial of vitamin C and E supplementation in healthy low-risk nulliparous women. Outcomes were compared between women with SPTB (due to spontaneous membrane rupture or labor) and those with IPTB (due to medical or obstetric complications). A primary maternal composite outcome included: death, pulmonary edema, blood transfusion, adult respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), cerebrovascular accident, acute tubular necrosis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, or liver rupture. A neonatal composite outcome included: neonatal death, RDS, grades III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), or retinopathy of prematurity.. Of 9,867 women, 10.4% (. Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were significantly more likely with IPTB than with SPTB.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Birth Weight; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Logistic Models; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Parity; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Retrospective Studies; United States; Vitamin E; Young Adult

Supplementation with antioxidant vitamins has been proposed to reduce the risk of preeclampsia and perinatal complications, but the effects of this intervention are uncertain.. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial of nulliparous women between 14 and 22 weeks of gestation. Women were assigned to daily supplementation with 1000 mg of vitamin C and 400 IU of vitamin E or placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) until delivery. Primary outcomes were the risks of maternal preeclampsia, death or serious outcomes in the infants (on the basis of definitions used by the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network), and delivering an infant whose birth weight was below the 10th percentile for gestational age.. Of the 1877 women enrolled in the study, 935 were randomly assigned to the vitamin group and 942 to the placebo group. Baseline characteristics of the two groups were similar. There were no significant differences between the vitamin and placebo groups in the risk of preeclampsia (6.0 percent and 5.0 percent, respectively; relative risk, 1.20; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.82 to 1.75), death or serious outcomes in the infant (9.5 percent and 12.1 percent; relative risk, 0.79; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.61 to 1.02), or having an infant with a birth weight below the 10th percentile for gestational age (8.7 percent and 9.9 percent; relative risk, 0.87; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.66 to 1.16).. Supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy does not reduce the risk of preeclampsia in nulliparous women, the risk of intrauterine growth restriction, or the risk of death or other serious outcomes in their infants. (Controlledtrials.com number, ISRCTN00416244.).

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Hypertension; Infant Mortality; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Parity; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Outcome; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Risk; Vitamin E

Oxidative damage is important in the pathogenesis of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). However, data on the effect of surfactant therapy on oxidative stress in vivo are limited. We aimed to evaluate the oxidant/antioxidant status in preterm infants with RDS via measurement of total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS), to determine the effect of surfactant on oxidant/antioxidant balance and to assess the association between TAC, TOS and clinical outcomes of the patients.. Sixty-nine infants with RDS were included. Blood samples for determining TAC and TOS were collected before and 48 h after surfactant treatment. TAC and TOS levels were analysed in serum. Patients were followed up until discharge or death.. Post-surfactant TAC levels were significantly higher than pre-surfactant TAC levels (P = 0.029). TAC/TOS ratio significantly increased after surfactant treatment (P = 0.018). Infants <28 weeks of gestational age had lower levels of baseline TAC than those ≥28 weeks of gestational age (P = 0.020), whereas TOS levels were similar. Baseline TAC/TOS ratio was lower in infants who died in the study period than those who survived (P = 0.023). After controlling gestational age, baseline TAC levels were significantly and inversely correlated with the duration of total respiratory support (r = -0.343; P = 0.009) and hospitalization (r = -0.341; P = 0.009). TAC or TOS levels were not associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or other complications as determined during the investigation period.. Oxidant-antioxidant balance shifts in favour of the antioxidant system after surfactant treatment. Lower TAC/TOS ratio in preterm infants may be associated with increased mortality.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Benzothiazoles; Bilirubin; Biological Products; Female; Glutathione; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Lipid Peroxides; Male; Oxidative Stress; Phospholipids; Pregnancy; Pulmonary Surfactants; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Sulfonic Acids; Treatment Outcome; Uric Acid; Vitamin E; Young Adult

This study compared plasma redox ratios of uric acid and ascorbic acid in well preterm babies with those with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and chronic lung disease (CLD), and investigated the relationship between these ratios and their respective measurements in tracheal aspirate. On day 1 after birth, plasma allantoin and allantoin/uric acid ratio were elevated in CLD (p < .05), and both markers of oxidative stress enabled early prediction of development of CLD (sensitivity and specificity: 54 and 83%, respectively). The relation between allantoin production and oxidative stress is supported by the correlation between the allantoin level and oxygen therapy in both RDS and CLD (p < .05). Reduced and oxidize ascorbic acid in plasma decreased postnatally in all groups and their redox ratio remained stable. Uric acid and ascorbic acid redox ratios were significantly elevated in tracheal aspirates compared to plasma samples (p < .05), and there was a strong positive correlation between both ratios (p < .005). These markers may be useful in monitoring babies with respiratory distress.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Disease; Free Radicals; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Lung Diseases; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Suction; Trachea; Uric Acid

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cadmium; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Fishes; Gills; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant, Newborn; Kidney; Liver; Muscles; Oxygen Consumption; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Selenium; Tissue Distribution; Water Pollutants; Zinc

Topics: Acetaldehyde; Acrolein; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Aldehydes; Anesthesia; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cysteine; Formaldehyde; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pain; Rats; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Smoking; Time Factors

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Female; Helium; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Oxygen; Positive-Pressure Respiration; Pregnancy; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn