ascorbic-acid and Pseudomonas-Infections

The definition of sepsis continues to be as dynamic as the management strategies used to treat this. Sepsis-3 has replaced the earlier systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)-based diagnoses with the rapid Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score assisting in predicting overall prognosis with regards to mortality. Surgeons have an important role in ensuring adequate source control while recognizing the threat of carbapenem-resistance in gram-negative organisms. Rapid diagnostic tests are being used increasingly for the early identification of multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs), with a key emphasis on the multidisciplinary alert of results. Novel, higher generation antibiotic agents have been developed for resistance in ESKCAPE (

Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Angiotensin II; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Duration of Therapy; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Enterococcus faecium; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Machine Learning; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methylene Blue; Organ Dysfunction Scores; Patient Care Bundles; Postoperative Complications; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Procalcitonin; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Staphylococcal Infections; Thiamine; Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Vaccines; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Synergism; Humans; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Ribonucleases; Trypsin

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection have increased oxidative stress as a result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species caused by inflammation and their inactivation by the impaired antioxidant systems. Supplementation with anti-oxidants is potentially beneficial for CF patients.. The effect of 4 weeks of oral N-acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment (2400 mg/day divided into two doses) on biochemical parameters of oxidative stress was investigated in an open-label, controlled, randomized trial on 21 patients; 11 patients in the NAC group and 10 in the control group. Biochemical parameters of oxidative burden and plasma levels of antioxidants were assessed at the end of the study and compared to the baseline values in the two groups.. A significant increase in the plasma levels of the antioxidant ascorbic acid (p=0.037) and a significant decrease in the levels of the oxidized form of ascorbic acid (dehydroascorbate) (p=0.004) compared to baseline were achieved after NAC treatment. No significant differences were observed in the control group. The parameters of oxidative burden did not change significantly compared to baseline in either of the groups. A better lung function was observed in the NAC treated group with a mean (SD) change compared to baseline of FEV1% predicted of 2.11 (4.6), while a decrease was observed in the control group (change -1.4 (4.6)), though not statistically significant.. Treatment with N-acetylcysteine 1200 mg×2/day for 30 days significantly decreased the level of oxidized vitamin C and increased the level of vitamin C (primary end-points) and a not statistically significant improvement of lung function was observed in this group of patients.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Administration, Oral; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Chronic Disease; Cystic Fibrosis; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Monitoring; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Inflammation; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Pseudomonas Infections; Reactive Oxygen Species; Treatment Outcome

Considerable evidence supports the presence of oxidative stress in cystic fibrosis (CF). The disease has long been associated with both increased production of reactive oxygen species and impaired antioxidant status, in particular during the chronic pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in CF. Guinea pigs are unable to synthesize ascorbate (ASC) or vitamin C, a major antioxidant of the lung, and thus like human beings rely on its presence in the diet. On this basis, guinea pigs receiving ASC-deficient diet have been used as a model of oxidative stress. The aim of our study was to investigate the consequences of a 7-day biofilm-grown P. aeruginosa lung infection in 3-month-old guinea pigs receiving either ASC-sufficient or ASC-deficient diet for at least 2 months. The animals receiving ASC-deficient diet showed significantly higher mortality during infection and increased respiratory burst of peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) compared with the animals receiving ASC sufficient diet. The inflammatory response at the site of lung infection consisted of PMNs and mononuclear leucocytes (MN), and higher PMN/MN ratios were present in animals on ASC-deficient diet compared with animals on ASC sufficient diet. Measurements of the ASC levels in the lung were significantly decreased in infected compared with non-infected animals. Interestingly, the infection by itself decreased the antioxidant capacity of the plasma (measured as plasma oxidizability) more than the ASC-deficient diet, suggesting a high consumption of the antioxidants during infection. Our data show that poor antioxidant status exacerbates the outcome of biofilm-related infections.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Biofilms; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Guinea Pigs; Inflammation; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Lung Diseases; Neutrophils; Oxidative Stress; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections

In cystic fibrosis (CF) children, we investigated the predictive impact of glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity and genotypes P1, M1 and T1, and antioxidant levels on stage-severity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.. GST activity was determined in whole blood by spectrophotometry, and GST genotypes by multiplex PCR RFLP for 36 CF and 9 control children. Levels of glutathione in erythrocyte and vitamins A, E and C in plasma were measured by HPLC.. No difference in GST activity and no relationship between GST activity and antioxidant levels were observed in CF children as compared to controls. However, GST activity was lower in CF children with severe clinical status and infection, and the frequency of GSTP1 wild type genotype AA, prevalent in uninfected CF children (75%), decreased in infected ones (33%).. GST activity and genotype could play an important role in modulating P. aeruginosa lung infection in CF patients.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cystic Fibrosis; Erythrocytes; Female; Genotype; Glutathione; Glutathione Transferase; Humans; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Young Adult

At the treatment of a bedsore of which had been resistant to various sorts of antibiotics, the mixture of several drugs was used for the treatment of its bedsore. Those drugs from which were used as the drugs-mixture, are 1% liquid of Pioctanin (C24H28N3Cl). 600 mg of Ascorbic acid, 9 mg of Pantothenic calcium and 20mg of hydrochloric Amitriptyline, respectively. The drugs-mixture, as mentioned above, has been scattered over its bedsore before the usual traditional treatment. After that, the bedsore has been treated by Gebencream (1% Cream of Sulfadiazine silver) as usually. Since a few days after that, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has never been able to be found on its bedsore at all. After a month, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Serratia marcescens, which had been resistant to many antibioticus till that, cannot be found at all, too.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Male; Powders; Pressure Ulcer; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Thermal injury generates free radicals from various cellular populations, and modulation of free radical activity with scavengers may improve outcome. Balb/c mice were infected with Ps. aeruginosa the day after burn injury and mortality rates observed. Tocopherol was given by gavage daily for 4 days starting 2 days before burn. Survival was improved in the groups receiving 25 and 250 IU/kg compared to control. In other groups, tocopherol was given after burn, but mortality rates were not changed. Treatment with the oxygen radical scavengers ascorbic acid, and a combination of superoxide dismutase and catalase had no effect on mortality. We conclude that ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase, and catalase do not appear to benefit survival after thermal injury and infection in this murine model. Tocopherol given in high doses of at least 25 IU/kg by gavage preceding injury and continued thereafter for 2 days did improve survival, but this benefit was not seen if tocopherol was not started until after injury.

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Burns; Catalase; Female; Free Radicals; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Pseudomonas Infections; Superoxide Dismutase; Vitamin E

Malignant external otitis (MEO) is a rare disease due to a Pseudomonas infection of the external ear occurring in an elderly patient with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Its high mortality raises the question of an alteration of the defense mechanisms of the body. A 58-year-old man was affected with MEO, and after several months of unsuccessful treatment, a study of the function of his polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMNs) revealed a defect of the migration capability. Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) was proved in vitro to be able to improve the results of the migration test. The patient was treated for one month with ascorbic acid and, parallel to the normalization of the chemotaxis test results, the ear lesions healed. The mechanism of such an alteration of the PMN function, implying several factors (the active infection, old age, and diabetes mellitus), is still unclear. Nevertheless, it is certainly important to test the PMN function in patients with MEO and treat them with immunomodulators.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Otitis Externa; Pseudomonas Infections

This study involved 27 geriatric patients with asymptomatic chronic bacteriuria; all had indwelling Foley catheters. The treatment regimens (daily oral dosage) were: methenamine mandelate (MM) granules, 4 gm; MM, 4 gm, plus ascorbic acid, 4 gm; and MM, 4 gm, plus ascorbic acid, 4 gm, plus cranberry cocktail, 1 liter--administered according to a cross-over design. Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli were the most common urinary organisms. Proteus organisms were more often found in alkaline than in acidic urines, but the type of pathogen had no influence on urinary pH. Urinary formaldehyde concentration [HCHO] was lower in patients with Proteus infection (17.7 micrograms/ml) than in those with Pseudomonas (21.9 micrograms/ml) or E. coli infection (21.8 micrograms/ml). However, for Proteus infection, [HCHO] was higher in patients receiving MM plus ascorbic acid than in those receiving MM alone. Addition of cranberry cocktail to ascorbic acid did not enhance urinary pH, [HCHO] or methenamine efficacy. Our data suggest that in Foley catheter patients with chronic asymptomatic bacteriuria secondary to Proteus, Pseudomonas or E. coli infection, the type of urinary pathogen or the urinary pH cannot be used to predict the efficacy of methenamine therapy either with or without urinary acidifying agents.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Bacteriuria; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Formaldehyde; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Methenamine; Proteus Infections; Proteus vulgaris; Providencia; Pseudomonas Infections

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Erythromycin; Female; Humans; Mice; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Sulfamethoxazole; Trimethoprim

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Betamethasone; Eye Diseases; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Male; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Respiratory Tract Infections; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Adult; Aged; Ammonium Chloride; Ascorbic Acid; Enterobacter; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Klebsiella Infections; Middle Aged; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Keratitis; Pseudomonas Infections; Rabbits