ascorbic-acid and Pressure-Ulcer

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Humans; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Support; Nutritionists; Pressure Ulcer; Wound Healing; Zinc

This review evaluates the efficacy of vitamin supplementations for prevention and treatment of pressure ulcer and surgical wounds on the basis of recent clinical intervention studies.. Intervention studies show that an energy and protein-rich oral nutritional supplement providing high doses of vitamin C and zinc in combination with arginine may prevent the development of pressure ulcers. This measure seems to improve the healing of pressure ulcer, which is questionable for vitamin C alone. For surgical wounds, data from randomized controlled studies are scarce, but results on the use of vitamin C in combination with pantothenic acid are promising.. Considerable evidence suggests that supplementation of vitamin C together with zinc by an oral nutritional supplement rich in energy, protein and arginine may be an efficient tool for pressure ulcer healing in contrast to single vitamin C. The evidence for prevention of pressure ulcer by such an oral nutritional supplement is comparably low. This fits also for single vitamin C supplementation in the healing of surgical wounds. Further, well designed and well powered studies on the benefit of antioxidant vitamins for wound healing within a diet providing adequate energy and protein are necessary.

Topics: Antioxidants; Arginine; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Micronutrients; Pantothenic Acid; Pressure Ulcer; Wound Healing; Zinc

Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Humans; Nutrition Policy; Nutritional Requirements; Pressure Ulcer; Skin Care; Wound Healing

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Nutrition Assessment; Pressure Ulcer; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Wound Healing

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Infections; Bandages; Debridement; Humans; Pressure Ulcer; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Wound Healing

Clinical studies provide evidence that wound healing in subjects judged not deficient in vitamin C can be significantly accelerated with supplements of this nutrient above the recommended daily allowance (RDA). The authors administered daily dosages of 500 to 3,000 mg., which is roughly 8 to 50 times the RDA of 60 mg., to subjects recovering from surgery, other injuries, decubital ulcers, and leg ulcers induced by hemolytic anemia. Genetic impairment of collagen synthesis has also been observed to be responsive to ascorbic acid supplementation in an 8-year-old boy with Type VI Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Four grams of ascorbic acid daily produced a significant improvement in the quality of newly synthesized collagen but did not alter that formed prior to the supplementation of C. The combined evidence in this review provides a substantial base for further research, both clinical and experimental trials, concerning the interrelationships between vitamin C and the body's healing potential.

Topics: Adult; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Collagen; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Female; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pressure Ulcer; Rabbits; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Time Factors; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

Nutrition supplements enriched with immune function enhancing nutrients have been developed to aid wound-healing, although evidence regarding their effectiveness is limited and systematic reviews have lead to inconsistent recommendations. The present pragmatic, randomised, prospective open trial evaluated a wound-specific oral nutrition supplement enriched with arginine, vitamin C and zinc compared to a standard supplement with respect to outcomes in patients with chronic wounds in an acute care setting.. Twenty-four patients [11 males and 13 females; mean (SD) age: 67.8 (22.3) years] with chronic wounds (14 diabetic or venous ulcers; 10 pressure ulcers or chronic surgical wounds) were randomised to receive either a wound-specific supplement (n = 12) or standard supplement (n = 12) for 4 weeks, with ongoing best wound and nutrition care for an additional 4 weeks. At baseline, and at 4 and 8 weeks, the rate of wound-healing, nutritional status, protein and energy intake, quality of life and product satisfaction were measured. Linear mixed effects modelling with random intercepts and slopes were fitted to determine whether the wound-specific nutritional supplement had any effect.. There was a significant improvement in wound-healing in patients receiving the standard nutrition supplement compared to a wound-specific supplement (P = 0.044), although there was no effect on nutritional status, dietary intake, quality of life and patient satisfaction.. The results of the present study indicate that a standard oral nutrition supplement may be more effective at wound-healing than a specialised wound supplement in this clinical setting.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Chronic Disease; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Therapy; Nutritional Status; Pressure Ulcer; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing; Zinc

We investigated the potential of a high-protein, arginine- and micronutrient-enriched oral nutritional supplement (ONS) to improve healing of pressure ulcers in non-malnourished patients who would usually not be considered for extra nutritional support.. Forty-three non-malnourished subjects with stage III or IV pressure ulcers were included in a multicountry, randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel group trial. They were offered 200 mL of the specific ONS or a non-caloric control product three times per day, in addition to their regular diet and standard wound care, for a maximum of 8 wk. Results were compared with repeated-measures mixed models (RMMM), analysis of variance, or Fisher's exact tests for categorical parameters.. Supplementation with the specific ONS accelerated pressure ulcer healing, indicated by a significantly different decrease in ulcer size compared with the control, over the period of 8 wk (P

Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Arginine; Ascorbic Acid; Bandages; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Micronutrients; Models, Statistical; Nutritional Status; Pressure Ulcer; Reference Values; Severity of Illness Index; Skin; Wound Healing

To investigate whether a disease-specific nutritional approach is more beneficial than a standard dietary approach to the healing of pressure ulcers (PUs) in institutionalized elderly patients.. Twelve-week follow-up randomized controlled trial (RCT).. Four long-term care facilities in the province of Como, Italy.. Twenty-eight elderly subjects with Stage II, III, and IV PUs of recent onset (<1-month history).. All 28 patients received 30 kcal/kg per day nutritional support; of these, 15 received standard nutrition (hospital diet or standard enteral formula; 16% calories from protein), whereas 13 were administered a disease-specific nutrition treatment consisting of the standard diet plus a 400-mL oral supplement or specific enteral formula enriched with protein (20% of the total calories), arginine, zinc, and vitamin C (P<.001 for all nutrients vs control).. Ulcer healing was evaluated using the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH; 0=complete healing, 17=greatest severity) tool and area measurement (mm(2) and %).. The sampled groups were well matched for age, sex, nutritional status, oral intake, type of feeding, and ulcer severity. After 12 weeks, both groups showed significant improvement (P<.001). The treatment produced a higher rate of healing, the PUSH score revealing a significant difference at Week 12 (-6.1+/-2.7 vs -3.3+/-2.4; P<.05) and the reduction in ulcer surface area significantly higher in the treated patients already by Week 8 (-1,140.9+/-669.2 mm(2) vs -571.7+/-391.3 mm(2); P<.05 and approximately 57% vs approximately 33%; P<.02).. The rate of PU healing appears to accelerate when a nutrition formula enriched with protein, arginine, zinc, and vitamin C is administered, making such a formula preferable to a standardized one, but the present data require further confirmation by high-quality RCTs conducted on a larger scale.

Topics: Aged; Analysis of Variance; Anthropometry; Antioxidants; Arginine; Ascorbic Acid; Chi-Square Distribution; Energy Intake; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Italy; Long-Term Care; Male; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Nutritional Support; Pressure Ulcer; Regression Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing; Zinc

Pressure ulcers are a significant burden in the ICU. Many factors have found to be associated with pressure ulcers including malnutrition. While it has been recognized that high protein diets decrease the incidence of pressure ulcers, the role of lipids as well as vitamins and antioxidants remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preventive and healing effects of an enteral diet enriched in eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and vitamins (vitamins A, C and E) on pressure ulcers.. One hundred patients with acute lung injury were included in a larger study evaluating the effects of lipids and vitamins on respiratory function. A secondary end point, occurrence and healing of pressure ulcers was included. A diet enriched in lipids (EPA, GLA) and vitamins (vitamins A, C and E) was compared with a diet similar in macronutrient composition. The occurrence and healing of pressure ulcers was evaluated according to the National Pressure Ulcer Panel. Nutritional assessment included calorie intake, resting energy expenditure, levels of serum prealbumin, albumin, vitamins A and E, zinc and copper. C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were also measured.. Patient's age, severity of disease and gender distribution were similar in the two groups. The study group had a higher body mass index. At baseline, the pressure ulcer score was similar in the two groups A significantly lower rate of occurrence of new pressure ulcers was observed in the study group compared to the control group (p<0.05). No difference was observed in the healing of existing pressure ulcers in the study as opposed to the control group. There was no significant difference in the nutritional parameters between the two groups.. A diet enriched with EPA, GLA and vitamins A, C and E is associated with a significantly lower occurrence of new pressure ulcers in critically ill patients with acute lung injury.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Chi-Square Distribution; Critical Illness; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Female; gamma-Linolenic Acid; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Pressure Ulcer; Prospective Studies; Respiration, Artificial; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins; Wound Healing

Nutrients putatively implicated in pressure ulcer healing were evaluated in a clinical setting.. Sixteen inpatients with a stage 2, 3 or 4 pressure ulcer randomised to receive daily a standard hospital diet; a standard diet plus two high-protein/energy supplements; or a standard diet plus two high-protein/energy supplements containing additional arginine (9 g), vitamin C (500 mg) and zinc (30 mg). Nutritional status measurements (dietary, anthropometric and biochemical) and pressure ulcer size and severity (by PUSH tool; Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing; 0=completely healed, 17=greatest severity) were measured weekly for 3 weeks.. Patients' age and BMI ranges were 37-92 years and 16.4-28.1 k g/m2) respectively. Baseline PUSH scores were similar between groups (8.7+/-0.5). Only patients receiving additional arginine, vitamin C and zinc demonstrated a clinically significant improvement in pressure ulcer healing (9.4+/-1.2 vs. 2.6+/-0.6; baseline and week 3, respectively; P<0.01). All patient groups presented with low serum albumin and zinc and elevated C-reactive protein. There were no significant changes in biochemical markers, oral dietary intake or weight in any group.. In this small set of patients, supplementary arginine, vitamin C and zinc significantly improved the rate of pressure ulcer healing. The results need to be confirmed in a larger study.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anthropometry; Antioxidants; Arginine; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Chemical Analysis; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Pressure Ulcer; Severity of Illness Index; Trace Elements; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing; Zinc

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Bias; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Pressure Ulcer; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Reproducibility of Results; Research Design; Ultrasonic Therapy; Ultrasonography

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of ascorbic acid supplementation, 500 mg twice daily in the treatment of pressure ulcers as an adjunct to standardized treatment. The design consisted of a multicenter blinded randomized trial. The control group received 10 mg of ascorbic acid twice daily. Patients from 11 nursing homes and 1 hospital participated. Main outcome measures included wound survival, healing rates of wound surfaces, and clinimetric changes over 12 weeks. Eighty-eight patients were randomized. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that the wound closure probability per unit time (i.e., the closure rate) was not higher in the intervention group than in the control group (Cox hazard ratio of 0.78 [90% precision interval, 0.44-1.39]). Mean absolute healing rates were 0.21 and 0.27 cm2/week in the intervention and control group, respectively (PI of the adjusted difference: -0.17 to 0.13). Relative healing rates and healing velocities did not show favorable results of ascorbic acid supplementation, either. A panel scored slides of the ulcers with a report mark between 1 (bad) and 10 (excellent). The improvement was 0.45 and 0.72 points per week in the intervention and control group, respectively (PI of the adjusted difference: -0.50 to 0.20). With another clinimetric index we could not show any differences, either. These data do not support the idea that ascorbic acid supplementation (500 vs. 10 mg twice daily) speeds up the healing of pressure ulcers.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Multivariate Analysis; Netherlands; Pressure Ulcer; Proportional Hazards Models; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Placebos; Pressure Ulcer; Wound Healing

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Placebos; Pressure Ulcer

In a prospective double-blind controlled trial the effect of large doses of ascorbic acid on the healing of pressure-sores has been assessed. 20 surgical patients were studied, the pressure areas being assessed by serial photography and ulcer tracings. The mean ascorbic-acid levels in treated and non-treated groups one month after the start of treatment were 65.6 and 25.8 mug per 10-8 white blood-cells. In the group treated with ascorbic acid there was a mean reduction in pressure-sore area of 84% after one month compared with 42.7% in the placebo group. These findings are statistically significant (P less than 0.005) and suggest that ascorbic acid may accelerate the healing of pressure-sores.

Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Paraplegia; Postoperative Complications; Pressure Ulcer; Prospective Studies; Vascular Diseases; Wound Healing

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Biopsy; Child; Clinical Trials as Topic; Collagen; Female; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Paraplegia; Placebos; Pressure Ulcer; Skin; Smoking; Wound Healing

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Pressure Ulcer; Wound Healing

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Energy Intake; Evidence-Based Practice; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Policy; Nutritional Requirements; Pressure Ulcer; Vitamins; Wound Healing

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Proteins; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pressure Ulcer; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

We investigated the relation between oxidative stress and the occurrence of the acute-phase response with serum ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol levels in patients with pressure sores.. The following groups of patients were studied: 1) those who had patients with pressure sores, 2) those who had pneumonia, and 3) those who did not develop pressure sores or any type of infection (control). Concentrations of total proteins, albumin, creatinine, iron, ferritin, transferrin, C-reactive protein, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, total iron-binding capacity, ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, and malondialdehyde were measured during the first days of hospitalization.. Albumin concentrations were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and C-reactive protein concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients with pressure sores compared with controls. Concentrations of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in patients who had pressure sores or infection, whereas malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly increased (P < 0.05) compared with control patients. Five of 11 patients (55.56%) with pressure sores and 10 of 12 patients (83.33%) with pneumonia presented serum ascorbic acid concentrations below the reference value (34 to 91 micromol/L). Concentrations of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol versus malondialdehyde were significantly correlated in the three patient groups (r = -0.44, P < 0.05; r = -0.55, P < 0.01, respectively).. Patients with pressure sores and acute infection present a systemic inflammatory response accompanied by an increase in lipid peroxidation that is associated with decreased serum ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol levels, suggesting that these patients may be at risk for important nutritional deficiencies.

Topics: Acute-Phase Reaction; Aged; alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Creatinine; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Iron; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Pneumonia; Pressure Ulcer; Serum Albumin

To determine serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E among individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) living in the community, to compare these levels with general population norms, and to assess their association with demographic and injury-related data (age at onset, time since onset, level and completeness of injury), function, nutritional behaviors, and health status.. Descriptive and correlational.. General community.. A total of 110 adults (> or =18y) with traumatic SCI of at least 2 years in duration living within a 13-county area in Texas.. Not applicable.. Demographic information, age at onset, time since onset, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) total motor index score, ASIA impairment score, assay of serum vitamins, FIM trade mark instrument motor items, Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile nutrition subscale, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey general health subscale, and pressure ulcer occurrence in past 12 months.. Many (16%-37%) of the participants had serum levels below the reference range for each vitamin. Being older at onset or less impaired was associated with higher serum vitamin A levels. Higher levels of serum vitamin A also were related to better function and health status and with not having a pressure ulcer within the past 12 months. Being older or older at onset was associated with higher serum levels of vitamin E. No relationships with vitamin C were found.. Vitamin levels may be related to function, general health, and pressure ulcer incidence in persons with SCI. Further study is needed to determine effective interventions to improve vitamin levels and determine the effect of such improvements on overall health and rehabilitation outcomes.

Topics: Activities of Daily Living; Adult; Age Factors; Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Feeding Behavior; Female; Health Status; Humans; Incidence; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Status; Pressure Ulcer; Risk Factors; Spinal Cord Injuries; Texas; Time Factors; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

Patients with pressure sores have as part of their treatment been reefed with energy and proteins with varying result. It has been uncertain, however, to what an extent these patients also were depleted of micronutrients which might be critical for ulcer healing.. To study the nutritional intake and nutritional status of a number of micronutrients in geriatric pressure sore patients and in matched controls.. The nutritional intake and nutritional status as anthropometric measures, serum conc. of albumin, zinc, and of vitamins (ascorbic acid, riboflavin, calcidiol), were measured. Thiamin pyrophosphate and pyridoxal-5-phosphate were determined in whole blood from 11 geriatric in-patients with pressure sores and 11 matched controls.. The serum conc. of ascorbic acid was significantly (p< 0.05) more reduced in pressure sore patients (mean+/-S.D.) 4.2+/-3.4 (ug/ml) than in control patients 7.4+/-5.4 (ug/ml) which still was lower than in a reference group (10.9+/-1.9) (ug/ml). In all the geriatric patients compared to the reference group, the conc. of serum-riboflavin was reduced to about 15 %, thiamine-pyrophosphate and pyridoxine-5-phosphate in whole blood and serum calcidiol to about 50 %, without any differences between the pressure sore patients and the matched controls.. Refeeding of pressure sore patients who often are catabolic and have increased needs for protein and energy, should include micronutrients not only to cover recommended dietary allowances, but sufficient to reach normal nutritional status for the individual micronutrient.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Male; Nutritional Status; Pressure Ulcer; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Riboflavin; Thiamine Pyrophosphate

One of the more influential factors associated with pressure ulcer prevention, development, and treatment is nutrition. Both the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS, formerly HCFA) and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) specifically identify nutritional status as a significant risk factor. Three nutrition-focused steps will help you protect patients from the debilitating effects of pressure ulcers.

Topics: Arginine; Ascorbic Acid; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, U.S.; Dietary Proteins; Energy Intake; Fluid Therapy; Home Care Services; Humans; Nutrition Assessment; Pressure Ulcer; Risk Factors; United States; Vitamin A; Zinc

To monitor adults older than 65 years living in nursing facilities and who experience unintentional weight loss of more than 10% of actual body weight in 6 months or more than 5% in 1 month or who have stage II, III, or IV pressure ulcers.. We reviewed 290 medical records for unintentional weight loss and 265 for pressure ulcers.. Two data-collecting instruments were used: one for pressure ulcers and one for unintentional weight loss. Indicators for each instrument were selected to monitor clinical conditions that tend to be problem-prone areas for these two populations.. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the frequency of each indicator for each population.. Of the 24 indicators for unintentional weight loss, the 6 indicators present most often, in descending order, were reduced functional ability, intake of 50% or less of food served for the past 3 consecutive days, chewing problems, serum albumin level less than 35 g/l with normal hydration status, cholesterol level less than 4.1 mmol/L, and refusal of 50% or more of food replacement for the past 7 days. For the residents with pressure ulcers, the indicator present most often was serum albumin level less than 35 g/L with normal hydration status. The three highest intervention indicators were receives 1.2 g protein per kilogram of actual body weight, receives 120 mg or more of vitamin C daily, and receives 1 1/2 times the energy required based on goal body weight. When serum albumin level was documented in the medical record, it was a valid indicator for both diagnoses.. Inappropriate dietary intake, disease, and disability place residents in nursing facilities at risk for malnutrition. Thus, it is important to obtain laboratory values when assessing elderly residents and determining their nutritional status.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Disability Evaluation; Eating; Humans; Incidence; Mastication; Medical Records; Nursing Homes; Nutrition Assessment; Pressure Ulcer; Retrospective Studies; Serum Albumin; Weight Loss

Scattering Vitamin C of a small dose on a bedsore, enhances remarkably bactericidal effect of antibiotics. With scattering of it, 1% cream of Sulfadiazine made antibiotics-resistant bacteria (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus = MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc.) negative on a bedsore. Also in MRSA-infection of respiratory organs, combined administration of Vitamin C gives more effective bactericidal efficacy to some antibiotics. In a case infected with MRSA, of which the Minocycline-therapy had been ineffective, the combined administration of Vitamin C with Minocycline led him successfully to the negativeness of MRSA.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Methicillin Resistance; Minocycline; Pressure Ulcer; Respiratory Tract Infections; Staphylococcal Infections

At the treatment of a bedsore of which had been resistant to various sorts of antibiotics, the mixture of several drugs was used for the treatment of its bedsore. Those drugs from which were used as the drugs-mixture, are 1% liquid of Pioctanin (C24H28N3Cl). 600 mg of Ascorbic acid, 9 mg of Pantothenic calcium and 20mg of hydrochloric Amitriptyline, respectively. The drugs-mixture, as mentioned above, has been scattered over its bedsore before the usual traditional treatment. After that, the bedsore has been treated by Gebencream (1% Cream of Sulfadiazine silver) as usually. Since a few days after that, Pseudomonas aeruginosa has never been able to be found on its bedsore at all. After a month, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Serratia marcescens, which had been resistant to many antibioticus till that, cannot be found at all, too.

Topics: Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Male; Powders; Pressure Ulcer; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus

Measurements of weighted dietary intakes and plasma determinations of albumin, iron, zinc, ascorbic acid and TIBC were carried out on twenty female multiple sclerosis patients in a long-stay hospital for disabled people. The group included ten patients with a recent history of pressure sores, closely matched with ten patients without pressure sores. Mean daily intake of carbohydrate was found to be higher in the non-pressure sore group whilst intake of zinc was lower in this group. Intakes of all other nutrients were comparable between the two groups. For both groups, intakes of energy, folate, vitamin D, iron and zinc were less than recommended values. Mean plasma levels of albumin and iron were towards the lower limit of the normal range, whilst that for zinc was considerably less than the normal range. Plasma TIBC was slightly above the normal range. Levels of plasma iron and zinc were significantly lower in the pressure sore group. The data indicate that severely disabled hospitalized patients with multiple sclerosis may be at risk of poor nutritional status. The results suggest that in the presence of pressure sores, there are increased requirements for specific nutrients, notably zinc and iron. Consideration is given to the possible value of supplementation of these individuals.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Female; Humans; Iron; Middle Aged; Multiple Sclerosis; Nutritional Status; Pressure Ulcer; Serum Albumin; Zinc

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Ascorbic Acid; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Pressure Ulcer

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pressure Ulcer; Ultraviolet Therapy

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Aspirin; Barbiturates; Common Cold; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Phenylbutazone; Pressure Ulcer; Tetracycline

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Paraplegia; Pressure Ulcer; Quadriplegia; Skin; Wound Healing

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Middle Aged; Paraplegia; Pressure Ulcer; Rats; Wound Healing

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Balanitis; Candidiasis, Oral; Carbonates; Female; Gastritis; Gingivitis; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Leukoplakia; Male; Mycoses; Osteomyelitis; Pressure Ulcer; Stomatitis; Tonsillitis; Vulvitis