ascorbic-acid and Periodontal-Pocket

Several recent studies have indicated that total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) of plasma seems to be compromised in chronic periodontitis (ChP). The aim of this study is to investigate plasma TAOC in patients with ChP and to assess the effects of vitamin C as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment.. The study population consisted of 60 subjects: 30 diagnosed with ChP and 30 matched controls. Furthermore, patients from the ChP group were randomly allocated into ChP1 (15 patients received non-surgical treatment with adjunctive dose of vitamin C) and ChP2 (15 patients received non-surgical periodontal treatment alone). Plasma TAOC levels were measured by an ABTS assay at baseline and 1 month post-therapy.. Plasma TAOC levels were significantly lower in ChP patients than controls (P <0.001). The periodontal therapy resulted in increasing plasma TAOC and improvements in clinical measures among both ChP1 and ChP2 groups (P <0.001). However, the adjunctive dose of vitamin C did not offer additional effect (P >0.05).. ChP is significantly associated with lower levels of plasma TAOC. The non-surgical periodontal therapy seems to reduce the oxidative stress during the periodontal inflammation. However, the use of adjunctive vitamin C still needs further investigation.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alveolar Bone Loss; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Chronic Periodontitis; Combined Modality Therapy; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Root Planing; Single-Blind Method; Vitamin E; Young Adult

Smokers consistently have lower levels of vitamin C, which is important for optimal healing, especially following invasive procedures. Some studies demonstrated that patients undergoing surgery experience significant reductions in systemic vitamin C levels, presumably due to higher metabolic utilization of existing vitamin pools. However, there appear to be no studies evaluating the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on plasma levels of vitamin C. The aim of this study was to evaluate if non-surgical periodontal therapy is able to reduce the plasmatic level of ascorbic acid (AA) in smokers. Twenty-six systemically healthy adult (> 40 years) smokers (10 cigarettes/day for > 5 years) who needed scaling and root planing (SRP) for chronic periodontitis were recruited. The sessions of SRP (per quadrant) were scheduled 7 days apart from each other. Blood was collected by venipuncture before the first session of SRP and at the end of the periodontal treatment. The ascorbate concentrations in plasma were assessed according to a published protocol. A paired t-test (p < 0.05) evaluated the statistical significance of differences between the mean values obtained pre- and post-treatment. In general, there was no significant change in levels of AA; however, in 38% of patients, increased levels of AA in plasma were observed after SRP. In 15% of the patients, no change was noted, while 47% of patients showed a reduction in levels of AA after SRP. It can be concluded that although almost half of individuals presented with reduced levels of ascorbic acid after treatment, SRP did not significantly change the levels of AA in smokers.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Prospective Studies; Root Planing; Smoking

To test the hypothesis that vitamin C concentrations in plasma, polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leucocytes (PMNs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are lower in periodontitis patients compared with healthy controls.. Twenty-one untreated periodontal patients and 21 healthy controls matched for age, gender, race and smoking habits were selected. Dietary vitamin C intake was assessed by a self-administered dietary record. Fasting blood samples were obtained and analysed for vitamin C concentrations in plasma, PMNs and PBMCs by means of high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).. Plasma vitamin C was lower in periodontitis patients compared with controls (8.3 and 11.3 mg/l, respectively, p = 0.03). Only in the control group a positive correlation was present between vitamin C intake and plasma values. No differences could be assessed between patients and controls regarding vitamin C dietary intake and levels in PMNs and PBMCs. In the patient group, pocket depth appeared to be negatively associated with the vitamin C concentration in PMNs.. Although the relationship between low plasma vitamin C levels and periodontitis is clear, the disease cannot be explained by insufficient vitamin C storage capacity of leucocytes; the question remains through which mechanism low plasma vitamin C levels are related to periodontitis.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Cell Count; Diet Records; Female; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Middle Aged; Neutrophils; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Reference Values

Microgravity is associated with an increase in peroxidative damage. The effect is more pronounced after long-duration space flights and can even last for several weeks after landing. The objective of the study is to determine the influence of simulated microgravity on the periodontal status and salivary and serum oxidant/antioxidant status of the body in simulated microgravity (-6° head-down-tilt [HDT) bed rest).. Twenty healthy male volunteers were studied before and after 60 days of simulated microgravity (-6° HDT bed rest). We measured salivary and serum oxidative markers, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-oxo-7,8 dihydro-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and vitamins C and E, and clinical periodontal parameters (probing depth [PD] and clinical attachment level [CAL]).. Serum and salivary vitamin C and E concentrations were significantly decreased, whereas MDA and 8-OHdG levels were significantly increased after 60 days of simulated microgravity. Serum and salivary markers showed a strong and significant correlation. CAL and PD were higher but not statistically significant in simulated microgravity.. This study suggests that oxidative stress in the microgravity environment was increased but did not significantly influence periodontal parameters after 2 months. Also, this study indicates the possibility that the findings may have a broader clinical relevance to patients on bed rest or who are physically inactive. Studies on larger patient samples and follow-up for a longer time are required to verify the relationship between antioxidant status in the space microgravity condition and periodontal health.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adolescent; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Stress Analysis; Deoxyguanosine; Head-Down Tilt; Health Status; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Vitamin E; Weightlessness Simulation; Young Adult

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare salivary concentrations of reduced, oxidized glutathione, uric acid, ascorbic acid, and total antioxidant capacity in subjects with diabetes and systemically healthy subjects with inflammatory periodontal disease.. Sixteen patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM), 25 patients with type 2 DM, and 24 systemically healthy patients, all with inflammatory periodontal disease, were recruited. Whole-saliva samples were obtained, and full-mouth clinical periodontal measurements, including plaque index, probing depth, gingival recession, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing, were recorded at six sites per tooth. Saliva flow rate and salivary levels of reduced and oxidized glutathione, vitamin C, uric acid, and total antioxidant capacity were determined. Data were analyzed statistically by non-parametric tests.. The subjects with type 2 DM had fewer teeth and more sites with probing depths >4 mm than the patients with type 1 DM (both P <0.01). The mean salivary reduced-glutathione concentration was lower in patients with type 1 DM than in the other two groups (both P <0.05). No significant differences in the salivary concentrations of the other antioxidants measured were found among the groups (P >0.05). Oxidized glutathione levels in the patients with type 1 DM were significantly lower than in the systemically healthy group (P = 0.007). In both groups with diabetes, salivary reduced-glutathione levels correlated positively with probing depth, and total antioxidant capacity correlated with salivary flow rate (P <0.01).. The decrease in salivary reduced-glutathione levels in patients with type 1 DM may have a role in periodontal tissue destruction by predisposing tissues to oxidative stress.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Dental Plaque Index; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingival Recession; Glutathione; Glutathione Disulfide; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Saliva; Secretory Rate; Uric Acid; Young Adult

Peri-implant disease is considered to be an inflammatory disease, but many aspects of its pathogenesis remain unknown. At present, peri-implant disease is considered to be initiated and perpetuated by a small group of predominantly Gram-negative, anaerobic, or micro-aerophilic bacteria that colonize the subgingival area. Bacteria cause the observed tissue destruction directly by toxic products and indirectly by activating host defence systems, i.e. inflammation. A variety of molecular species appears in the inflamed tissues, among them are reactive species such as free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of this study was to assess levels of various antioxidants in saliva to identify differences between the saliva of patients with healthy peri-implant tissues and patients with peri-implant disease, and to examine whether the whole saliva of those with peri-implant disease conditions might have lower levels of antioxidants than that of healthy individuals.. Thirty healthy adult volunteers (14 men and 16 women) with implant-supported overdentures (Ankylos Biofunctional Implants) were selected from the group of patients from Tallinn Dental Clinic. Biochemical and clinical parameters evaluated were the following ones: the levels of urate, ascorbate, myeloperoxidase in saliva, total antioxidant status of saliva, pocket probing depth (mm), gingival index (0, 1, 2, or 3), and bleeding on probing (0 or 1).. Total antioxidant status (TAS) of saliva and concentration of uric acid and ascorbate, which are the main salivary antioxidants, are significantly decreased in patients with peri-implant disease. TAS in healthy subjects was 0.41+/-0.10 for resting saliva and 0.31+/-0.09 for stimulated saliva; in diseased subjects TAS was 0.19+/-0.07 and 0.12+/-0.03, respectively. In healthy subjects, the concentration of urate was 307.2+/-78.06 microM/l in resting saliva and 241.5+/-89.09 microM/l in stimulated saliva. In diseased patients, the concentration of urate was 120+/-36.13 and 91.60+/-39.35 microM/l, respectively. The concentration of ascorbate did not differ in resting and stimulated saliva. In healthy subjects, it was 2.79+/-0.81 mg/l and in diseased subjects, it was 1.54+/-0.30 mg/l. This may indicate that excessive ROS production in peri-implant disease is leading to the situation of excessive oxidative stress, which may be an important factor contributing the destruction of peri-implant tissues. The importance of these findings may be the better understanding of the processes involved in the pathogenesis of peri-implant disease and that the treatment of peri-implant disease may involve adjuvant anti-oxidants supplementation together with cumulative interceptive supportive therapy concept introduced by Mombelli & Lang.

Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Denture, Overlay; Female; Free Radicals; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Peroxidase; Reactive Oxygen Species; Saliva; Uric Acid

The exact relationship between plaque-induced periodontal diseases and vitamin C deficiency is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on the severity of periodontal diseases. The periodontal condition of 75 dentulous subjects with a low level of AA in the plasma (< or = 25 mumol/l) was compared with that of 75 control subjects (plasma level > or = 50 mumol/l) matched for age, sex and number of teeth. The subjects were asked to list foods containing AA in their diet, and intake of AA in milligrams per day was calculated. The daily diet of the study subjects contained on average 52 mg +/- 24.9 (SD) of AA, and that of the controls 77 mg +/- 43.2 (SD). For each individual, site-specific recordings for the presence or absence of plaque and supra- and subgingival calculus, filling overhangs, gingival bleeding after probing, probing pocket depth, and gingival recession were made clinically in a double blind examination carried out by one dentist. Five per cent of the subjects in the study group (low plasma level of AA) and 18 per cent of the controls had healthy periodontal tissues. The proportion of sites in which bleeding after probing and a probing pocket depth of 4 mm or over were observed was significantly higher in the study group than in the controls. Sixty per cent of the subjects in the study group and 37 per cent of the controls had pathological pockets of 4 mm or over.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Case-Control Studies; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Diet; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket

Demand for nutrients necessary for the formation of mineralized tissues increases dramatically during pregnancy to meet fetal requirements. The purpose of this clinical study was to identify short-term effects of pregnancy and dietary intakes of calcium, phosphorus, protein, and vitamin C on radiographic density and alveolar crest morphology of the mandible. Seventy-six subjects between ten and 20 weeks' gestational age were recruited from the Jefferson County, Alabama, Department of Health maternity clinic. Initially, an evaluation of their diet was done, and a single periapical radiograph was taken in the canine-premolar region of the mandible. A final evaluation of the diet and a periapical radiograph of the same teeth were obtained at a time as close to the expected date of delivery as possible. Dietary evaluation consisted of a 24-hour recall history and a food-frequency history at the two visits. Radiographs were made with a bite-block film-holding system with occlusal registration in acrylic for reproduction of projection geometry at the two visits. An aluminum stepwedge was incorporated for densitometric standardization. Measurements of plaque, and bleeding and pocket-depth probing were recorded for control of local effects on alveolar change. Standard statistical procedures of regression determined correlation of 12 nutrients and periodontal variables with bone density change and with alveolar crest morphology change. Vitamin C intakes (24-hour recall) showed a positive correlation (p = 0.033) with bone density change, and calcium intakes (24-hour recall) showed a negative, but not significant, correlation (p = 0.058) with bone density change, contributed particularly by subjects with the highest calcium intakes. The strongest relation with alveolar crest morphology change was the interproximal pocket-depth change (p = 0.086).

Topics: Adult; Alveolar Process; Ascorbic Acid; Bone Density; Calcium, Dietary; Dental Plaque Index; Diet; Female; Humans; Mandible; Nutritional Status; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Phosphorus; Pregnancy; Proteins; Radiography; Regression Analysis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Colorimetry; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium