ascorbic-acid and Periodontal-Diseases

Several dietary patterns are reported as risk factors for several chronic diseases including oral diseases. However, thus far, there has been no comprehensive quantitative analysis of nutrition and periodontal diseases.. This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. Cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies were eligible for inclusion in this study. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to qualitatively assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The number of samples was used for odds ratio calculation, followed by the unadjusted value and 95% confidence interval.. Nine papers were included for the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results of screening for database search records showed that four diet patterns (western diet, dairy product intake, sugar intake, and vitamin C intake) have enough data for meta-analysis. The risk of periodontal disease in the western-diet group and the lowest dairy product intake group was 1.05 (0.51-2.13) and 1.28 (0.89-1.84), respectively. The risk of periodontal disease in the highest sugar intake group and the lowest vitamin C intake group was 1.52 (0.79-2.91) and 1.15 (1.08-1.23), respectively.. With aging of the population globally, the prevalence of periodontal disease increases, and the associated cost also increases. Though this study, we found foods related to the risk of periodontal disease, and we are confident that it will contribute to lowering the incidence of the disease.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Food; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Sugars

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory gum condition that is more prevalent in older populations. The development of periodontal disease has been directly linked to inflammatory dietary habits.. This systematic review aimed to 1) describe the relationship and 2) describe the direction of the relationship between dietary intake (nutrients and food groups) and periodontal disease in community-dwelling, older adults. PRISMA guidelines were followed for this review.. A systematic search of the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, CINAHL, Science Direct, Informit, and Cochrane Library was conducted from the earliest possible date until September 2018. Search terms were related to main themes: "periodontal disease," "gingivitis," "gum diseases," "dietary intake" and "older adults." The search produced 779 records, and after additional publications were obtained and duplicates were removed, 666 publications underwent title and abstract screening. Included papers were written in English and were based on populations of healthy, older adults living in community-based settings. Nine papers met inclusion criteria and were included in this review.. Sample size, participant characteristics, inclusion and exclusion criteria, periodontal measures, dietary measures, confounders, and results were sorted by study type, author, year, and country.. Quality of the extracted data was analyzed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system.. Inverse associations were found between fatty acids, vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, fiber, calcium, dairy, fruits, and vegetables and risk of periodontal disease. Overall, this review found a relationship between poor dietary intake and increased risk of periodontal disease; however, this needs to be further explored.. PROSPERO Registration Number CRD42017065022.

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Calcium; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fruit; Humans; Independent Living; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Periodontal Diseases; Risk; Vegetables; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an important water-soluble vitamin found in many fruits and vegetables. It has well-documented beneficial effects on the human body and is used as a supplement, alone or in combination with other vitamins and minerals. Over recent years, research has focused on possible new therapeutic actions in chronic conditions including periodontal disease (PD). We conducted a systematic review on clinical trials from four databases (PubMed, Clinical Trials, Cochrane, Web of Science) which measured plasmatic/salivary levels of ascorbic acid in PD-diabetes mellitus (DM) association. Six studies were included in our review, three of them analyzing patients with different grades of PD and DM who received vitamin C as a treatment (500 mg vitamin C/day for 2 months and 450 mg/day for 2 weeks) or as part of their alimentation (guava fruits), in combination with standard therapies and procedures. Decreased levels of vitamin C were observed in PD patients with DM but data about efficacy of vitamin C administration are inconclusive. Given the important bidirectional relationship between PD and DM, there is a strong need for more research to assess the positive effects of ascorbic acid supplementation in individuals suffering from both diseases and also its proper regimen for these patients.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Plasma; Saliva; Vitamins

Vitamin C is important for preventing and slowing the progression of many diseases. There is significant evidence linking periodontal disease and vitamin C. We aimed to systematically review the studies addressing the relationship between vitamin C and periodontal disease, and the preventive ability of vitamin C against periodontal disease. Electric searches were performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Studies addressing the relationships between periodontal disease and vitamin C in adults aged over 18 years were included. Quality assessment was done using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program guideline and GRADE-CERQual. There were 716 articles that were retrieved and 14 articles (seven cross-sectional studies, two case-control studies, two cohort studies, and three randomized controlled trials (RCT)) were selected after reviewing all of the articles. The vitamin C intake and blood levels were negatively related to periodontal disease in all seven cross-sectional studies. The subjects who suffer from periodontitis presented a lower vitamin C intake and lower blood-vitamin C levels than the subjects without periodontal disease in the two case-control studies. The patients with a lower dietary intake or lower blood level of vitamin C showed a greater progression of periodontal disease than the controls. The intervention using vitamin C administration improved gingival bleeding in gingivitis, but not in periodontitis. Alveolar bone absorption was also not improved. The present systematic review suggested that vitamin C contributes to a reduced risk of periodontal disease.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Vitamins

To review the new role of an age-old micronutrient - ascorbic acid - in the management of periodontal disease. Articles pertaining to the topic were searched in PubMed and other search engines from year 1974 to April 2014 with the following key words: "ascorbic acid," "ascorbate," "vitamin C," "periodontal disease," "gingivitis," "periodontitis," "anti-oxidants" and "elderly." Balanced nutrition is an essential factor in the elderly. Modification of nutritional requirement is important to overcome the effect of an unbalanced diet in older individuals as a result of several external and internal host-associated factors. Micronutrient requirements as aging advances could change, and require due attention. Ascorbic acid and its relationship with periodontal disease are very well known. However, recent changes in the concept of understanding the pathogenicity has led to a new path of therapeutic intervention with ascorbic acid in many chronic diseases. Oxidative stress with its associated burden might alter the disease process. In the era of "periodontal medicine," the impact of remote tissue changes on systemic disease has to be taken into serious consideration. Deficiency of nutritional impact on the host, with micronutrient vitamin C detailed in this review with sources, absorption, interaction and its relationship with systemic disease, and thereby the impact on periodontal disease. Ascorbic acid plays an important role in the aging process, and in the maintenance of periodontal health in the elderly.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Micronutrients; Periodontal Diseases; Vitamins

There is significant evidence linking chronic periodontitis (CP) and oxidative stress (OS). CP is a multifactorial infecto-inflammatory disease caused by the interaction of microbial agents present in the biofilm associated with host susceptibility and environmental factors. OS is a condition that arises when there is an imbalance between the levels of free radicals (FR) and its antioxidant defences. Antioxidants, defined as substances that are able to delay or prevent the oxidation of a substrate, exist in all bodily tissues and fluids, and their function is to protect against FR. This systematic review assessed the effects of the complimentary use of antioxidant agents to periodontal therapy in terms of oxidative stress/antioxidants. Only randomised, controlled, double-blind or blind studies were included. The majority of the included studies were performed in chronic periodontitis patients. Lycopene, vitamin C, vitamin E, capsules with fruits/vegetables/berry and dietary interventions were the antioxidant approaches employed. Only the studies that used lycopene and vitamin E demonstrated statistically significant improvement when compared to a control group in terms of periodontal parameters. However, oxidative stress outcomes did not follow the same pattern throughout the studies. It may be concluded that the use of some antioxidants has the potential to improve periodontal clinical parameters. The role of antioxidant/oxidative stress parameters needs further investigations.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Fruit; Humans; Lycopene; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Diseases; Vitamin E

Vitamins are essential to maintain normal metabolic processes and homeostasis within the body. The amount of a specific vitamin required by an individual varies considerably and it is influenced by such factors as body size, growth rate, physical activity, and pregnancy. Most vitamins are stored minimally in human cells, but some are stored in liver cells to a greater extent. Vitamins A and D, for example, may be stored in sufficient amounts to maintain an individual without any intake for 5 to 10 months and 2 to 4 months, respectively. However, a deficiency of vitamin B compounds (except vitamin B12) may be noted within days, and the lack of vitamin C will manifest within weeks and may result in death in 5 to 6 months. The current recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of vitamin C is 75 mg for woman and 90 mg for men, based on the vitamin's role as an antioxidant as well as protection from deficiency. High intakes of the vitamin are generally well tolerated, however, a Tolerable Upper Level (TUL) was recently set at 2 g based on gastrointestinal upset that sometimes accompanies excessive dosages. Several populations warrant special attention with respect to vitamin C requirements. These include patients with periodontal disease, smokers, pregnant and lactating women, and the elderly.

Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Bone Regeneration; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chondrogenesis; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Male; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Nutrition Policy; Periodontal Diseases; Pregnancy; Virus Diseases

The aim of this paper is to review the available literature pertaining to the effects of specific nutritional elements (e.g. vitamin B-complex, vitamin C and dietary calcium) on general wound healing, periodontal disease status and response to periodontal therapy.. Critical appraisal of various studies that have evaluated the effects of calcium, ascorbic acid and vitamin B-complex in wound healing and periodontal treatment.. Periodontal disease onset, progression and response to therapeutic interventions have been shown to be influenced by several systemic, local and environmental modifying factors. Nutritional supplementation has been suggested as a possible influencing factor on periodontal status and wound healing. Several studies have reported various degrees of association between nutritional elements/supplements and periodontal status, and others have reported possible positive influences of nutritional supplementation on periodontal therapeutic outcomes. Future research needs to more fully explore the presence and strength of association between nutrition and periodontal health.. Data collected from the literature suggests that nutrient supplementation causes minimal or no side effects. However, the efficacy of prophylactic nutrient supplementation for the prevention of the onset and progression of periodontal disease, or for the enhancement of periodontal wound healing, remains to be determined.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium, Dietary; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Periodontal Diseases; Vitamin B Complex; Wound Healing

Although gingival bleeding is a manifestation of both scurvy and inflammatory periodontal disease, the two conditions are distinctly separate entities. The defective collagen synthesis associated with scurvy also manifests many of the same symptoms as deficient vitamin C physiology, but neither condition is associated with periodontal disease. Unlike scurvy, the various periodontal diseases are caused by oral plaque microorganisms. The body's reaction to these microorganisms is strongly influenced by the compromised functioning of leucocytes and monocytes. Although certain infections and systemic diseases cause gingival bleeding, avitaminosis-C does not cause commonly encountered periodontitis. Vitamin C should not be used for the prophylaxis or cure of periodontal disease in otherwise healthy, well-nourished individuals. A patient with bleeding gingivae warrants referral to a periodontist, oral medicine specialist, or appropriately qualified dentist for examination and treatment.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Collagen; Dental Plaque; Diagnosis, Differential; Gingival Hemorrhage; Humans; Leukocytes; Monocytes; Mouth Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Scurvy

This article reviews the chemistry, functions, and toxicity of vitamin C, as well as its food sources, recommended daily allowance, and laboratory biochemical findings, to help clinicians understand and recognize its systemic and oral deficiency manifestations. An understanding of these topics will help the general dentist, periodontist, and oral surgeon appropriately prescribe vitamin C for their patients.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Dentinogenesis; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Maintaining natural dentition is a realistic goal given today's improved caries control and attention to good oral hygiene. Expanding knowledge in the area of periodontal diseases provides further insight into health promotion practices which can be effective in preventing tooth loss. Vitamin C's role in maintaining the health of teeth and gingivae remains unchallenged. Now clinical evidence indicates that vitamin C functions in improving host defence mechanisms and is thereby implicated in preserving periodontal health. Common sense tells us that the monitoring of the vitamin C status of individuals, especially those at high risk (e.g., diabetics, smokers, elderly, etc.) for inadequate intakes, will yield positive results for periodontal health. Patient education programs that stress the importance of good nutrition, while at the same time providing practical information for the selection of a well balanced diet, are simple measures that will benefit many.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases

Scurvy and periodontitis both manifest gingival bleeding but constitute separate entities. Defective collagen in scurvy reflects many symptoms emanating from deficient vitamin C physiology. The various periodontal diseases are caused by oral plaque micro-organisms, the body's reaction to which is strongly influenced by inadequate functioning of leucocytes and monocytes. Although certain infections and systemic diseases cause gingival bleeding, avitaminosis C does not cause commonly encountered periodontal disease, but will aggravate established periodontitis. Vitamin C should not be used for prophylaxis or cure of periodontitis in healthy well-nourished individuals. A patient with bleeding gingivae warrants referral to oral medicine and periodontics specialists for examination and treatment.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Chronic Disease; Humans; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Scurvy

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium

Topics: Adult; Alveolar Process; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Child; Collagen; Epidemiologic Methods; Humans; Leukocytes; Mouth Mucosa; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; Permeability; Tooth Mobility

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Care; Gingivectomy; Humans; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Periodontal Diseases; Radiography, Dental

A double-blind study was undertaken to determine the effects of megadose ascorbic acid supplementation on plasma ascorbate levels, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) chemotaxis and clinical and biochemical determinations of inflammatory progression in individuals with a mean daily ascorbate intake level of approximately twice the recommended daily allowances. Results indicate that although the group receiving ascorbate supplementation demonstrated a significant increase in plasma levels of the vitamin as compared to a placebo group, no significant differences with respect to PMN chemotaxis or responses to experimental gingivitis were found between the groups.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Neutrophils; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Time Factors

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; Radiography

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Diet; Female; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Statistics as Topic

The population showed eating habits that do not meet the intake levels recommended by the L.A.R.N. Regarding the relationship between nutrient intake and plaque index, it appears that in the population, the higher the intake of vitamin C through food, the lower the plaque index value is. This result could reinforce the scientific evidence that there is a protective factor in the onset of periodontal disease by the consumption of vitamin C which to date is still the subject of investigation. In addition, the same type of trend would also have been observed for calcium intake, but a larger sample size would be required to make this effect significant.. The relationship between osteoporosis and periodontitis and the role of nutrition in influencing the evolution of these pathologies still seems to be deeply explored. However, the results obtained seem to consolidate the idea that there is a relationship between these two diseases and that eating habits play an important role in their prevention.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Bone Density; Calcium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Eating; Humans; Osteoporosis; Periodontal Diseases; Vitamins

Several epidemiological studies have reported that smokers have a higher prevalence and severity of periodontal disease than do nonsmokers, and that smoking negatively affects nutritional status and is associated with a reduced intake of antioxidants, particularly vitamin C. The present investigation aimed to examine the relationship between serum vitamin C levels and smoking and its influence on the periodontal condition in older adults.. A total of 353 respondents met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled in the present study. The periodontal status of the study participants was determined through examinations of one or more residual teeth, which included a measurement of the probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) at six regions of each tooth. Blood samples were collected during the dental examinations and then sent to a laboratory to evaluate serum vitamin C and cotinine levels. A serum cotinine concentration of 100 ng/ml was considered a relevant threshold for active smoking. After dividing the participants into two groups according to serum cotinine levels, Poisson regression analysis was carried out to compare vitamin C levels with the prevalence rate ratio (PRR) for periodontal condition markers for each group based on serum cotinine levels.. We evaluated differences in the PRR of serum vitamin C tertiles between participants with high (≥100 ng/ml) or low (<100 ng/ml) serum cotinine levels after adjusting for sex, the use of interdental brushes or dental floss, and the number of teeth. A negative tendency between the PRR of vitamin C tertiles for the PPD or CAL was seen for both groups. Especially, a bigger difference was observed in the group with high serum cotinine levels. The PRR of the first tertiles in the high serum cotinine group was 5.03, compared with 2.69 in the low serum cotinine group (relative risk: 1.9).. The results of this study suggest a potential association between vitamin C levels and the periodontal condition, which may be influenced by smoking status.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Cotinine; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Smoking

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Jaw Fractures; Male; Middle Aged; New Zealand; Periodontal Diseases; Scurvy; Ulcer; Vitamin D

To assess in a periodontally diseased rural population deprived from regular dental care and having poor dietary conditions, the effect of vitamin C/calcium threonate/citrus flavonoids (VitC/Ca/Fl) supplementation on subgingival microbiota and plasma levels of vitamin C, HbA1c and hsCRP.. The study population consisted of 98 subjects who previously participated in a prospective study on the natural history of periodontitis. Participants were instructed to consume one tablet/day containing 200 mg Ester C(®) calcium ascorbate, 25 mg calcium threonate and 100 mg citrus flavonoids for 90 days. Following parameters were evaluated: prevalence/amount of seven traditional periodontal pathogens, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); and plasma levels of vitamin C, HbA1c and hsCRP.. After VitC/Ca/Fl supplementation, 100% of subjects showed normal plasma vitamin C values compared to 55% before. At baseline, 48% of subjects harboured Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, >97% the other periodontal pathogens and 73% EBV. Supplementation with VitC/Ca/F reduced the subgingival load of all studied bacteria (p-values: 0.014-0.0001) and EBV (p < 0.0001) substantially in all initially positive subjects. Plasma levels of HbA1c and hsCRP dropped in all subjects (p < 0.0001).. This uncontrolled study suggested that supplemental VitC/Ca/Fl may be helpful in reducing subgingival numbers of periodontal pathogens and EBV, and promoting systemic health.

Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Ascorbic Acid; Butyrates; Citrus; Flavonoids; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Indonesia; Periodontal Diseases; Prospective Studies

To investigate the longitudinal relationship between the intake of dietary antioxidants and periodontal disease in community-dwelling older Japanese.. A retrospective cohort study, with a follow-up of 2 years (2003-2005). Intakes of dietary antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, α-carotene and β-carotene) were assessed with a validated FFQ. Participants were classified by tertile of antioxidant intake. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as the clinical attachment level, was recorded at baseline and follow-up examinations. Periodontal disease progression was considered as loss of attachment of 3 mm or greater over the study period at the interproximal site for each tooth. Finally, the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression per person was calculated and was used as the outcome. Poisson regression analysis was conducted, with dietary antioxidants as the main exposure, to estimate their influence on the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression.. Niigata City (Japan).. Dentate individuals aged 75 years in 2003, for whom data were available, were included in the analyses (n 264).. A higher intake of dietary antioxidants was inversely associated with the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression, controlling for other variables. The multivariate-adjusted incidence rate ratios in the first, second and third tertiles were 1·00, 0·76 (95 % CI 0·60, 0·97) and 0·72 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·93) for vitamin C; 1·00, 0·79 (95 % CI 0·62, 0·99) and 0·55 (95 % CI 0·42, 0·72), for vitamin E; and 1·00, 1·02 (95 % CI 0·81, 1·29) and 0·73 (95 % CI 0·56, 0·95) for β-carotene.. The study results suggest that higher intake of antioxidants may mitigate periodontal disease in community-dwelling older Japanese.

Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Disease Progression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Japan; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; Poisson Distribution; Retrospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tooth; Vitamin E

Low concentrations of serum anti-oxidants, including ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol, are associated with higher risks of many inflammatory diseases that interrelate with oral health. The present study examined the longitudinal relationship of serum ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol to periodontal disease in 224 Japanese individuals, aged 71 yrs, for whom data were available for the years 1999-2007. Participants were classified by tertiles of serum ascorbic acid and of α-tocopherol. Full-mouth periodontal status, measured as clinical attachment level (CAL), was recorded at baseline and annual follow-up examinations. The number of teeth with a loss of CAL ≥ 3 mm at any site over the study period was calculated as 'periodontal disease events'. Poisson regression analysis was conducted to assess predictors of periodontal disease events, with serum ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol as the primary predictors of interest. The multivariate adjusted relative risks (95% confidence intervals) in the highest, middle, and lowest tertiles were 1.00 (reference), 1.12 (1.01-1.26), and 1.30 (1.16-1.47) for ascorbic acid and 1.00 (reference), 1.09 (0.98-1.21), and 1.15 (1.04-1.28) for α-tocopherol, respectively. Our findings support the hypothesis that low serum levels of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol may be a risk factor for periodontal disease in Japanese elderly.

Topics: Aged; alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dental Care; Dental Devices, Home Care; Diabetes Complications; Disease Progression; Educational Status; Follow-Up Studies; Forecasting; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Smoking; Social Class; Toothbrushing; Vitamins

Bariatric surgery influences the intake and absorption of nutrients, which, when associated with vomiting, can damage the oral cavity. The serum concentrations of vitamin C and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and oral clinical manifestations were examined in patients 2 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).. Clinical prospective study with control group (CG; n = 26), assessed only once, and the bariatric group (BG; n = 26), assessed in the basal period and at 12 and 24 months after surgery. The mean ages in the CG and BG were 37.8 ± 1.51 and 39.6 ± 1.93 years, respectively, and their body mass indices were 22.07 ± 0.29 and 45.62 ± 1.46 kg/m(2), respectively.. At 12 months after surgery, increased episodes of vomiting (P < .001) and dental hypersensitivity (P = .012) were observed, with a reduction in the saliva-buffering capacity of 21.3% ± 2.9% (P = .004). At 24 months after RYGB, a significant reduction in serum vitamin C was detected (32.9% ± 5.3%, P < .001), and MPO values were higher than in the basal period (P = .032). With regard to oral hygiene habits, 92.3% of patients reported frequent tooth brushing and 96.1% used fluoride, which were similar across the 2 years. However, dental hypersensitivity (P = .048) was significantly increased than baseline.. The results demonstrated that vitamin C deficiency and increased vomiting after gastric bypass for morbid obesity may contribute to increased periodontal disease. The fact that it is impossible to determine which factor or factors (diet, poor compliance with supplementation, vomiting, poor oral hygiene) contributed to the dental problems in these patients is a shortcoming of the report.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Female; Fluorides; Follow-Up Studies; Gastric Bypass; Humans; Male; Obesity, Morbid; Oral Hygiene; Periodontal Diseases; Peroxidase; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Tooth; Toothbrushing; Vomiting

A clinical survey was made on the life style and dietary behaviors of people with non-periodontal disease and people with periodontal disease for prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases.. 72-hour diet analysis and frequency analysis of dietary intake were performed in 60 patients with moderate-to-severe periodontal disease and 60 patients with healthy periodontal tissues randomly selected in the Ninth People's Hospital for dental treatment. The data was analyzed by Student's t test and Chi-square test with SPSS13.0 software package.. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in vitamin C, flavonoids and β-carotene dietary intake between control group and periodontal disease group; In periodontal disease group, dietary intake of selenium and zinc intake was different from the normal control, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).. There is a close relationship between oral health and antioxidant nutrients. Lower dietary vitamin C content, flavonoid content and β-carotene intake lead to destruction of periodontal tissue and higher incidence of periodontal disease.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Diet; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium

4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) and nitrite are present in human mixed whole saliva, and HPA can be nitrated by peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))/nitrite systems in the oral cavity. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to estimate the concentrations of HPA, nitrated HPA [4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid (NO(2)HPA)], nitrite, and thiocyanate (SCN(-)) in saliva from 73 patients with periodontal diseases and to elucidate the conditions necessary to induce nitration of HPA. High concentrations of HPA, nitrite, and SCN(-) were found in the saliva of patients older than 50 yr of age. NO(2)HPA was detected in seven patients who were older than 60 yr of age. Nitrite-dependent formation of NO(2)HPA by a bacterial fraction prepared from mixed whole saliva was faster at pH 5.3 than at pH 7, and increased as the rate of H(2)O(2) formation increased. The formation of NO(2)HPA was inhibited by SCN(-) and by salivary antioxidants such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. These results suggest that nitration can proceed at an acidic site in the oral cavity where H(2)O(2) is produced under conditions of decreased concentrations of SCN(-) and of antioxidants.

Topics: Acids; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Bacteria; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Glucose; Glucose Oxidase; Glutathione; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Nitrites; Periodontal Diseases; Peroxidases; Phenylacetates; Saliva; Smoking; Thiocyanates; Uric Acid; Young Adult

To determine the opinions and attitudes of general dental practitioners and hygienists towards the role of nutrition in periodontal health.. The study was completed by general dental practitioners and dental hygienists throughout the UK.. A questionnaire was sent out with the British Dental Journal and BDA News together with explanatory information about the study. Postage was pre-paid for replies.. Eight hundred and seventy-nine questionnaires were completed. Sixty-six percent of respondents believed nutrition plays a role in periodontal health. Dietary factors that were considered most important were vitamin C (70%), fruit and vegetables (64%) and antioxidant vitamins (45%). Forty-four percent had recommended nutrition supplements to their patients, with multivitamin and mineral supplements (37%) and vitamin C (30%) the most popular. Eighty-two percent of respondents sourced information from dental journals. Qualitative data highlighted uncertainty amongst respondents about the evidence base around nutrition and periodontal health and a lack of training opportunities.. A majority of dentists consider that nutrition and dietary factors play a role in maintaining periodontal health. However, there was a need to increase awareness of the current state of the evidence for a role of nutrition in maintaining periodontal health. Concern regarding lack of an evidence base for the role of nutrition in the treatment of periodontal diseases suggests a need for further research into the therapeutic role of nutrition in periodontal disease management.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Attitude of Health Personnel; Dental Hygienists; Dentists; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Education, Dental; Feeding Behavior; Fruit; Humans; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Patient Education as Topic; Periodontal Diseases; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom; Vegetables; Vitamins

The aim of the study was to estimate the activity of chosen antioxidants in blood serum and saliva in patients with periodontal disease treated due to epilepsy.. Twenty-five epileptics and fifteen control persons were involved in the study. The activity of selected endogenous antioxidants were determined by spectrophotometric assay. Concentrations of vitamin A and vitamin E were measured using liquid chromatography.. The analysis of the serum and saliva from patients with overgrown gingiva revealed: reduced activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase, elevated lipid peroxides, and decreased concentration of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. All values were statistically significant.. Our results indicate on the oxidant-antioxidant disturbances in epileptic patients, which can play an important role in the pathomechanism of periodontal disease in these persons. Further studies on the role of antioxidants in patients with epilepsy treated with antiepileptic drugs and afflicted with gingival hyperplasia will be continued.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Epilepsy; Humans; Lipid Peroxides; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva; Vitamin E

Scurvy is a nondiscriminatory disease process resulting from a nutritional deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C). The severe vitamin deficiency produces a breakdown in the cellular structure of the body. This case report describes a middle-age woman with a history of edema, bruising of the lower extremities, anemia, and severe periodontal disease. Her presentation and medical history are classic for the signs of scurvy. Scurvy is now only uncommonly seen in developed countries, but there are still vulnerable populations whose nutritional status can lead to scurvy. The aim of this report is to help the clinician identify and treat scurvy, a disease that was once feared for its high mortality but is now easily treatable, even in cases that have progressed to multiple organ dysfunction and failure.

Topics: Adult; Anemia; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Gingivoplasty; Halitosis; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Purpura; Scurvy; Tooth Extraction; Vitamins

This study examined the role of free radical-induced tissue damage and the antioxidant defense mechanism of saliva in periodontal disease. Antioxidant activity of saliva was compared in 20 healthy individuals and 17 patients with periodontal diseases. We measured the scavenging capacity of saliva against free radicals generated in vitro by electrolysis, xanthine-xanthine oxidase, or stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Total protein content and total antioxidant activity of saliva were also determined. The results indicate that stimulated saliva of healthy individuals is significantly more effective (40-50%) than that of patients with periodontal diseases in scavenging a wide variety of free radicals generated in vitro. Under these conditions it appears that the total antioxidant activity of saliva is significantly decreased in these patients despite the fact that the levels of the three main antioxidants (uric acid, ascorbic acid, and albumin) are not significantly affected. We conclude that periodontal diseases are associated with an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the former due to both an increase in free radical production and a defect in the total antioxidant activity of saliva.

Topics: Adult; Albumins; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Electrolysis; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Free Radicals; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neutrophil Activation; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Uric Acid; Xanthine; Xanthine Oxidase

To examine the effect of vitamin C on blood flow in diabetic dental pulp, the animal model of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (i.v. injection of STZ 55 mg/kg BW) was used. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into 3 groups: non-diabetes (CON), diabetes (STZ), and diabetes supplemented by vitamin C (STZ+Vit C). Vitamin C was supplemented by drinking water (1 g/l). At 12 weeks (wks) and 24 wks after the STZ injection, the laser Doppler flow-meter (Model ALF 21, USA) was used to measure pulpal blood flow (PBF) while the animals were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (50 mg/kg BW). The experimental results showed that at 12 and 24 wks after the STZ injection, hyperglycemia hypertension and loss of body weight were significantly developed. Simultaneously, decreased plasma vitamin C level was demonstrated significantly in STZ rats. The reduction of pulpal blood flow (PBF) in the lower incisors was observed in STZ rats at both monitored time points. Interestingly, the supplementation of vitamin C for 24 wks restored PBF. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that long-term supplementation of vitamin C, a natural antioxidant, could markedly prevent the diabetic-induced reduction in PBF.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Pulp; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Incisor; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Male; Microcirculation; Oxidative Stress; Periodontal Diseases; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Streptozocin

Vitamin C has long been a candidate for modulating periodontal disease. Studies of scorbutic gingivitis and the effects of vitamin C on extracellular matrix and immunologic and inflammatory responses provide a rationale for hypothesizing that vitamin C is a risk factor for periodontal disease.. We evaluated the role of dietary vitamin C as a contributing risk factor for periodontal disease utilizing the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) which is representative of the U.S. civilian, non-institutionalized population.. A sample of 12,419 adults (20 to 90+ years of age), with dental measurements and assessment of dietary information as well as demographic and medical histories were included in the studies. Dietary vitamin C was estimated by a 24-hour dietary record. Individuals with periodontal disease were arbitrarily defined as those who had mean clinical attachment levels of > or =1.5 mm. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we found a relationship between reduced dietary vitamin C and increased risk for periodontal disease for the overall population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.33). Current and former tobacco users who were taking less dietary vitamin C showed an increased risk of periodontal disease with OR of 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.59 for former smokers, and an OR of 1.21, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.43 for current tobacco users. There was a dose-response relationship between the levels of dietary vitamin C and periodontal disease with an OR of 1.30 for those taking 0 to 29 mg of vitamin C per day, to 1.16 for those taking 100 to 179 mg of vitamin C per day as compared to those taking 180 mg or more of vitamin C per day.. Dietary intake of vitamin C showed a weak, but statistically significant, relationship to periodontal disease in current and former smokers as measured by clinical attachment. Those taking the lowest levels of vitamin C, and who also smoke, are likely to show the greatest clinical effect on the periodontal tissues.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Confidence Intervals; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feeding Behavior; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Medical Records; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Diseases; Population Surveillance; Risk Factors; Smoking

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Reactive Oxygen Species

Four cases of scurvy diagnosed within a period of two years are reported. They comprised 2 male patients with heavy nicotine and alcohol abuse, a 35-year-old woman with malnutrition due to food supplements phobia, and a 69-year-old woman with malnutrition due to dementia and social isolation. All four patients were adynamic and anemic. Three patients showed typical dermatologic signs with hemorrhagic hyperceratosis, suffusions or cork-screw hair. Two patients complained of parodontol disorders. Other symptoms were gastrointestinal bleeding, sicca syndrome, retinal bleeding, subdural hematoma, edema and arthralgia. Associated disorders were folic acid and vitamin B12 depletion in two cases, and nephropathy and pneumonia with pneumothorax in one case each. In all cases the serum asorbic acid concentration was below the scorbutic level of 11 mumol/l. Historical data, pathogenesis, incidence, clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy of scurvy are discussed. We conclude that scurvy can be observed even in a developed country such as Switzerland at the end of the 20th century. The real incidence may be underestimated because symptoms are not well known and disappear rapidly after admission because of sufficient vitamin C content in normal diet. Patients at risk are socially isolated alcoholics, old people, psychiatric patients and diet enthusiasts. Usually scurvy occurs in conjunction with other deficiencies. Smoking and acute illness enhance ascorbic acid depletion. With a knowledge of the symptomatology of scurvy, it is easy to diagnose and treatment is simple and effective.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Ascorbic Acid; Dementia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Periodontal Diseases; Scurvy; Smoking; Social Isolation

The exact relationship between plaque-induced periodontal diseases and vitamin C deficiency is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on the severity of periodontal diseases. The periodontal condition of 75 dentulous subjects with a low level of AA in the plasma (< or = 25 mumol/l) was compared with that of 75 control subjects (plasma level > or = 50 mumol/l) matched for age, sex and number of teeth. The subjects were asked to list foods containing AA in their diet, and intake of AA in milligrams per day was calculated. The daily diet of the study subjects contained on average 52 mg +/- 24.9 (SD) of AA, and that of the controls 77 mg +/- 43.2 (SD). For each individual, site-specific recordings for the presence or absence of plaque and supra- and subgingival calculus, filling overhangs, gingival bleeding after probing, probing pocket depth, and gingival recession were made clinically in a double blind examination carried out by one dentist. Five per cent of the subjects in the study group (low plasma level of AA) and 18 per cent of the controls had healthy periodontal tissues. The proportion of sites in which bleeding after probing and a probing pocket depth of 4 mm or over were observed was significantly higher in the study group than in the controls. Sixty per cent of the subjects in the study group and 37 per cent of the controls had pathological pockets of 4 mm or over.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Case-Control Studies; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Diet; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket

Biochemical indices of AA clearly showed that the young men in this study were brought into various states of AA depletion and repletion according to their dietary AA intakes. While previous studies have postulated that supplemental intakes of AA may adversely affect body status of vitamins B6 and B12, we found no changes in the B vitamin status of the young men receiving varying AA intakes. Moderate AA supplementation (605 mg/day) showed no antagonistic effect on markers of vitamins B6 and B12. Blood markers of fat-soluble vitamins A and E and iron status were not affected by AA intakes. The propensity of the gingiva to become inflamed or bleed on probing was reduced after normal (65 mg/day) AA intakes as compared to deficient (5 mg/day) intakes and upon supplementary (605 mg/day) AA intakes as compared to normal intakes. The results suggest that AA status may influence early stages of gingival inflammation and crevicular bleeding, and warrant further study of the relationship between AA and periodontal health.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Iron; Male; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Periodontal Diseases; Pyridoxine; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Mouth; Occupational Dentistry; Occupational Diseases; Periodontal Diseases

Only a weak association between periodontal disease and ascorbic acid deficiency has been shown in the analysis of nutritional and periodontal health data collected from a representative sample of the US population. Intake of ascorbic acid in amounts larger than those recommended by the dietary standards does not seem to be associated with better periodontal health. The results of this study also suggest that dental practitioners are better advised to concentrate on plaque control rather than vitamin C supplements to prevent and control periodontal disease in their patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Diet; Humans; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; United States

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Castration; Estrogens; Female; Guinea Pigs; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium

An hypothesis is proposed relating the possible role of vitamin deficiency as an etiologic factor contributing to periodontal disease in diabetes. The hypothesis is based upon the following: (1) transport of ascorbate across cell membranes may be impaired by glucose, but facilitated by insulin; (2) glucose utilization is significantly accelerated by sublethal concentrations of endotoxin; (3) endotoxin-induced histamine sensitivity of tissue is enhanced by ascorbic deficiency; and (4) ascorbic acid deficiency alters mucosal barrier function. The interrelationship of these factors is discussed.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Collagen; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Endotoxins; Glucose; Histamine Release; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Toxins; Cell Division; Cell Line; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endotoxins; Mice; Periodontal Diseases; Structure-Activity Relationship; Time Factors

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chemical Industry; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Metallurgy; Occupational Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Poland

Topics: Alloys; Ascorbic Acid; Environmental Exposure; Occupational Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Poland

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Dentistry; Periodontal Diseases; Vitamin E

Topics: Adult; Anaphylaxis; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Hypersensitivity; Female; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Microbial Collagenase; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Diseases; Saliva; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Iontophoresis; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Proteins; Child; Child, Preschool; Diet; Female; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Nutrition Disorders; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Socioeconomic Factors

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Female; Humans; India; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Sex Factors

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Sedimentation; Extremities; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Oral Manifestations; Periodontal Diseases; Scurvy; Skin Manifestations

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Muramidase; Periodontal Diseases; Vitamin K

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Colorimetry; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Male; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cardiomyopathies; Diagnosis, Differential; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Scurvy; Tooth Extraction

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Calculus; Female; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Oxidation-Reduction; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Ascorbic Acid; Gingiva; Humans; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Ascorbic Acid; Dentistry; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Gingival Diseases; Gingivitis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Caries; Geriatrics; Gingival Diseases; Hemostatics; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Radiography, Dental; Surgery, Oral; Thrombocytopenia; Tooth Extraction; Vitamin K

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Prophylaxis; Flavonoids; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Pharmacology; Tooth Mobility; Vitamins

Topics: Aggressive Periodontitis; Anti-Infective Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Aggressive Periodontitis; Ascorbic Acid; Gingival Diseases; Glucuronidase; Humans; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Ascorbic Acid; Gingival Diseases; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontium

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chlortetracycline; Disease; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Tocopherols; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Aggressive Periodontitis; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Gingival Diseases; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; Vitamins