ascorbic-acid and Overweight

studies showed inflammatory background of overweight and obesity. Prevalence of weight disorders has dramatically increased over the past few decades. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and may be associated with weight disorders. This study aims to systematically review the relationship between dietary and serum vitamin C levels with anthropometric indices.. A systematic search was conducted in Medline database (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane library and Google Scholar up to the end of August 2021. All observational studies that assessed the relationship between dietary or circulating vitamin C levels and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on adults were included. The quality of included studies was assessed using the National Institute of Health quality assessment tool.. Among 11,689 studies, 47 and 37 articles were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. There was an inverse significant correlation between WC and serum vitamin C levels (r = -0.28, 95% CI: -0.35,-0.21, I. Results showed that both dietary and serum vitamin C levels were inversely associated with BMI and WC. More well-designed clinical trials are needed to assess the effect of vitamin C supplementation in prevention and treatment of obesity.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Vitamins; Waist Circumference

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared with adults, children with SARS-CoV-2 infection may have fewer and less severe symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly reported in children, sometimes as the only manifestation of the disease, and most often manifest as anorexia, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, or abdominal pain. Although most children have asymptomatic or mild disease, 10 % of those infected may experience serious or critical disease, or even death. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a rare but serious condition recently reported in children with COVID-19. Studies indicate that children with obesity are at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19, and inflammation associated with obesity could be one of the factors that worsens COVID-19 symptoms due to an increased inflammatory response involving molecules such as interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein. On the other hand, evidence has been reported of a higher protein expression of ACE2 in the visceral adipose tissue of obese and malnourished humans, and this could be associated with complications and severity of COVID-19. Therefore, regulation of the intake of macronutrients or micronutrients could be used as a strategy to reduce the consequences of COVID-19. Diet in general and bioactive compounds could play an important role in the prevention of the inflammatory cascade. The micronutrients with the most evidence suggesting a role in immune support are vitamins C and D, zinc, and polyphenols.. La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) está causada por el virus “síndrome respiratorio agudo severo-coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2). En comparación con los adultos, los niños con infección por SARS-CoV-2 pueden tener menos síntomas y estos pueden ser menos graves. Los síntomas gastrointestinales se informan comúnmente en los niños, a veces como única manifestación de la enfermedad. Los más comunes son anorexia, diarrea, náuseas y vómitos, y dolor abdominal. Aunque la mayoría de los niños tienen un cuadro leve o asintomático, el 10 % de los infectados pueden experimentar un cuadro grave o crítico, e incluso la muerte. El síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico es una afección poco común, pero grave, que se documentó recientemente en niños con COVID-19. Los estudios indican que los niños con obesidad tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar COVID-19 grave, y la inflamación asociada con la obesidad podría ser uno de los factores que empeoran los síntomas de la COVID-19 debido a una respuesta inflamatoria aumentada en donde se ven involucradas moléculas como la interleucina 6, el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa y la proteína quimioatrayente de monocitos. Por otro lado, se ha encontrado evidencia de una mayor expresión proteica de ACE2 en el tejido adiposo visceral de los seres humanos obesos y desnutridos, y esto podría estar asociado a las complicaciones y la severidad de la COVID-19. Por tanto, la regulación de la ingesta de macronutrientes o micronutrientes podría utilizarse como estrategia para reducir las consecuencias de la enfermedad. La dieta en general y los compuestos bioactivos podrían desempeñar un papel importante en la prevención de la cascada inflamatoria. Los micronutrientes con mayor evidencia indicativa de que desempeñan un papel en el apoyo inmunológico son las vitaminas C y D, el zinc y los polifenoles.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Anorexia; Ascorbic Acid; Child; COVID-19; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Nausea; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Pediatric Obesity; Polyphenols; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Thinness; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vomiting; Zinc

In past decades, the growth in obesity has been associated with changes in the lifestyle of the population, including comprehensive dietary changes, especially in the intake of micronutrients.. To describe micronutrient intake and review its consequences on nutritional status.. A literature review was performed covering domestic and international articles published over the past 11 years, on the SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE and governmental databases, using descriptors such as "micronutrients", "food consumption", "excess weight", "health", "nutritional status" in Portuguese and in English.. Micronutrient intake deficiency is a global health problem, affecting about 2 billion people and seems to be associated with an increased risk for non-communicable diseases and disorders, including obesity. Insufficient intake of vitamin A favors overweight by altering thyroid metabolism, while vitamin C is related to the synthesis of carnitine and fat oxidation; vitamin D favors the control of satiety and energy expenditure. As for minerals, calcium helps the regulation of thermogenesis and lipogenesis / lipolysis, and zinc is involved in regulating insulin and leptin.. The promotion of healthy eating habits through educational practices is necessary for greater public awareness of the implications of micronutrient intake on nutritional status, and should be included in Public Health strategies in order to control obesity and its complications.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Humans; Micronutrients; Nutritional Status; Overweight; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Zinc

We investigated the effects of Irvingia gabonensis (IG) kernel extract on the metabolism, adiposity indices, redox status, inflammation, adipocytokines, blood leukocyte relative telomere length (RTL), and aerobic capacity of overweight/obese individuals. All participants used the first 12-week phase to monitor body weight. They were then randomly divided into two groups: (1) 300 mg IG or (2) placebo (PLA). Both groups took one tablet per day for 12 weeks. The variables were measured before supplementation and after 3, 6, and 12 weeks of supplementation. RTL and aerobic capacity were measured before and after 12 weeks. Compared with the PLA, the IG increased plasma vitamin C after supplementation at 6 (p < 0.01) and 12 weeks (p < 0.05) and serum adiponectin after 3 weeks (p < 0.05). Compared with before supplementation, plasma malondialdehyde in the IG and serum leptin in the PLA were decreased after 12-week supplementation, without any differences between the groups. There were no differences between groups with respect to metabolism, inflammation, RTL, and aerobic capacity after the supplementation. We suggest that 12-week daily IG supplementation improved plasma vitamin C and adiponectin. The findings show the possible mechanism contributing to the effect of IG supplementation on a reduction in obesity-related complications.

Topics: Adipokines; Adiponectin; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Inflammation; Obesity; Overweight; Plant Extracts; Polyesters; Telomere

Mental stress (MS) is related to endothelial dysfunction in overweight/obese men. It is believed that the pro-oxidant profile, associated with an imbalance in the vascular remodeling process, may contribute to deleterious effects of MS on endothelial function. However, it is unknown whether administration of ascorbic acid (AA), a potent antioxidant, can prevent oxidative and remodeling dysfunction during MS in these subjects.. At baseline, MMP-9 activity (p < 0.01), the MMP-9/proMMP-9 ratio (p = 0.02) and TIMP-1 concentration (p = 0.05) were reduced, whereas proMPP-9 activity was increased (p = 0.02) after AA compared to PL infusion. After PL infusion, MS increased protein carbonylation (p < 0.01), catalase (p < 0.01), and the MMP-9/proMMP-9 ratio (p = 0.04) when compared to baseline. AA infusion reduced protein carbonylation (p = 0.02), MMP-9 activity (p < 0.01), and MMP-9/pro-MMP-9 ratio (p < 0.01), while SOD (p = 0.04 vs baseline), proMPP-9 (p < 0.01 vs PL), MMP-2 (p < 0.01 vs PL) and TIMP-2 (p = 0.02 vs baseline) remained elevated during MS.. AA appears to minimize the oxidative imbalance and vascular remodeling induced by MS.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Catalase; Cross-Over Studies; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Luminescence; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Obesity; Overweight; Oxidants; Protein Carbonylation; Risk Factors; Stress, Psychological; Stroop Test; Superoxide Dismutase; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; Vascular Remodeling; Young Adult

A diet rich in fruits and vegetables has been associated with several health benefits. However, the effects on body weight (BW) and metabolic markers are not fully known. The present study investigated the effects of increased intake of fruits and vegetables in overweight and obese men and women on dietary habits, anthropometry and metabolic control. In a 16-week controlled intervention, thirty-four men and thirty-four women aged 35-65 years (BMI>27 kg/m2) were randomised to an intervention (IN) or a reference (RG) group. All participants received general dietary advice, and subjects in the IN group received fruits and vegetables for free, of which ≥500 g had to be eaten daily. BW, waist circumference (WC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), plasma insulin, blood glucose, glycated Hb (HbA1c), serum lipids, blood pressure, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 activity, urinary isoprostane (iso-8-PGF 2α) and serum carotenoids were measured. Diet was assessed using 3-d weighed food records. In all, thirty subjects in the IN group and thirty-two in the RG group completed the intervention. Intake of fruits and vegetables doubled in the IN group, whereas intake of fruits increased in the RG group. Serum α- and β-carotene concentrations and intakes of folate and vitamin C increased significantly in the IN group. Energy intake, BW, WC and SAD decreased significantly in both groups. Supine systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in the IN group, with no between-group differences. No significant changes were observed for other metabolic markers. Provision of fruits and vegetables led to substantially increased intakes, with subsequent favourable changes in anthropometry and insulin levels, which tended to be more pronounced in the IN group. The observed improvements may, in combination with improved nutritional markers, have health benefits in the long term.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Carotenoids; Diet; Energy Intake; Female; Folic Acid; Fruit; Humans; Isoprostanes; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Risk Factors; Vegetables; Waist Circumference

Considering the pathologic importance of oxidative stress and altered lipid metabolism in osteoarthritis (OA), this study aimed to investigate the effect of l-carnitine supplementation on oxidative stress, lipid profile, and clinical status in women with knee OA. We hypothesized that l-carnitine would improve clinical status by modulating serum oxidative stress and lipid profile. In this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 72 overweight or obese women with mild to moderate knee OA were randomly allocated into 2 groups to receive 750 mg/d l-carnitine or placebo for 8 weeks. Dietary intake was evaluated using 24-hour recall for 3 days. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and lipid profile, visual analog scale for pain intensity, and patient global assessment of severity of disease were assessed before and after supplementation. Only 69 patients (33 in the l-carnitine group and 36 in the placebo group) completed the study. l-Carnitine supplementation resulted in significant reductions in serum MDA (2.46 ± 1.13 vs 2.16 ± 0.94 nmol/mL), total cholesterol (216.09 ± 34.54 vs 206.12 ± 39.74 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (129.45 ± 28.69 vs 122.05 ± 32.76 mg/dL) levels compared with baseline (P < .05), whereas these parameters increased in the placebo group. Serum triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TAC levels did not change significantly in both groups (P > .05). No significant differences were observed in dietary intake, serum lipid profile, MDA, and TAC levels between groups after adjusting for baseline values and covariates (P > .05). There were significant intragroup and intergroup differences in pain intensity and patient global assessment of disease status after supplementation (P < .05). Collectively, l-carnitine improved clinical status without changing oxidative stress and lipid profile significantly in women with knee OA.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Benzothiazoles; Body Mass Index; Carnitine; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Motor Activity; Nutrition Assessment; Obesity; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Selenium; Sulfonic Acids; Thiobarbiturates; Triglycerides; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Zinc

Iron deficiency is common in overweight and obese individuals. This deficiency may be due to adiposity-related inflammation that increases serum hepcidin and decreases dietary iron absorption. Because hepcidin reduces iron efflux from the basolateral enterocyte, it is uncertain whether luminal enhancers of dietary iron absorption such as ascorbic acid can be effective in overweight and obese individuals.. In this study, we compared iron absorption from a meal with ascorbic acid (+AA) and a meal without ascorbic acid (-AA) in women in a normal-weight group (NW) with those in overweight and obese groups combined (OW/OB).. Healthy, nonanemic women [n = 62; BMI (in kg/m(2)): 18.5-39.9] consumed a stable-isotope-labeled wheat-based test meal -AA and a wheat-based test meal +AA (31.4 mg ascorbic acid). We measured iron absorption and body composition with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, blood volume with the use of a carbon monoxide (CO)-rebreathing method, iron status, inflammation, and serum hepcidin.. Inflammatory biomarkers (all P < 0.05) and hepcidin (P = 0.08) were lower in the NW than in the OW/OB. Geometric mean (95% CI) iron absorptions in the NW and OW/OB were 19.0% (15.2%, 23.5%) and 12.9% (9.7%, 16.9%) (P = 0.049), respectively, from -AA meals and 29.5% (23.3%, 38.2%) and 16.6% (12.8%, 21.7%) (P = 0.004), respectively, from +AA meals. Median percentage increases in iron absorption for -AA to +AA meals were 56% in the NW (P < 0.001) and 28% in OW/OB (P = 0.006). Serum ferritin [R(2) = 0.22; β = -0.17 (95% CI: -0.25, -0.09)], transferrin receptor [R(2) = 0.23; β = 2.79 (95% CI: 1.47, 4.11)], and hepcidin [R(2) = 0.13; β = -0.85 (95% CI: -1.41, -0.28)] were significant predictors of iron absorption.. In overweight and obese women, iron absorption is two-thirds that in normal-weight women, and the enhancing effect of ascorbic acid on iron absorption is one-half of that in normal-weight women. Recommending higher intakes of ascorbic acid (or other luminal enhancers of iron absorption) in obese individuals to improve iron status may have a limited effect. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01884506.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adiposity; Adult; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Ascorbic Acid; Body Mass Index; Breakfast; Down-Regulation; Female; Food, Fortified; Hepcidins; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron Isotopes; Iron, Dietary; Obesity; Overweight; Risk; Switzerland; Young Adult

Postprandial stress induced by acute consumption of meals with a high fat content results in an increase of markers of cardiometabolic risk. Repeated acute dietary stress may induce a persistent low-grade inflammation, playing a role in the pathogenesis of functional gut diseases. This may cause an impairment of the complex immune response of the gastrointestinal mucosa, which results in a breakdown of oral tolerance. We investigated the effect of ingestion of a fruit-juice drink (FJD) composed by multiple fruit juice and extracts, green tea extracts and vitamin C on postprandial stress induced by a High Fat Meal (HFM) in healthy overweight subjects. Following a double blind, placebo controlled, cross-over design, 15 healthy overweight subjects were randomized to a HFM providing 1334 Kcal (55% fat, 30% carbohydrates and 15% proteins) in combination with 500 mL of a placebo drink (HFM-P) or a fruit-juice drink (HFM-FJD). Ingestion of HFM-P led to an increase in circulating levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, TNF-α and IL-6. Ingestion of HFM-FJD significantly reduced plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, decreasing inflammatory response mediated by TNF-α and IL-6. Ingestion of a fruit-juice drink reduce markers of postprandial stress induced by a HFM.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Fats; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fruit; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin; Interleukin-6; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Postprandial Period; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N=26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N=27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N=27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p<0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p<0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Basal Metabolism; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Chitosan; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Lipids; Overweight; Placebos; Skinfold Thickness; Waist Circumference; Weight Loss; Young Adult

The study's purpose was to examine the effects of whey protein supplementation and resistance training on antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk factors in overweight young men. Thirty healthy male subjects (age, 23.4±3.6years; body mass index, 25-30kg/m(2)) were randomly divided into three groups of 10 persons including; Experimental group 1: resistance training+whey supplement (RW); Experimental group 2: resistance training+placebo (RP), and Control group (C). Subjects in intervention groups underwent 3 resistance training sessions per week, each session with 60-70% 1RM, for 6weeks. No significant changes in fibrinogen level, fasting blood glucose, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressures, waist to hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index were observed in any of the groups. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), cholesterol and HDL varied significantly in the RW group compared with the pre-test. We found significant changes in both RW and RP groups for glutathione, vitamin C, LDL, and triglyceride levels. In addition, in the post-test, TAC, glutathione, and HDL levels were higher in the RW in comparison to C group. Research findings showed that although exercise can lead to antioxidant system improvement and reduce some cardiovascular risk factors among overweight subjects, the combination of resistance training and whey consumption is more effective.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Glutathione; Humans; Lipids; Male; Milk Proteins; Overweight; Reference Values; Resistance Training; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Whey Proteins; Young Adult

This study investigated how consumption of orange juice associated with aerobic training affected serum lipids and physical characteristics of overweight, middle-aged women.. The experimental group consisted of 13 women who consumed 500 mL/d of orange juice and did 1h aerobic training 3 times a week for 3 months. The control group consisted of another 13 women who did the same aerobic training program but did not consume orange juice.. At the end of the experiment, the control group lost an average of 15% of fat mass (P<0.05) and 2.5% of weight (P<0.05), whereas the experimental group lost 11% of fat mass and 1.2% of weight (P<0.05). Consumption of orange juice by the experimental group was associated with increased dietary intake of vitamin C and folate by 126% and 61% respectively. Serum LDL-C decreased 15% (P<0.05) and HDL-C increased 18% (P<0.05) in the experimental group, but no significant change was observed in the control group. Both groups improved the anaerobic threshold by 20% (P<0.05), but blood lactate concentration decreased 27% in the experimental group compared to the 17% control group, suggesting that experimental group has less muscle fatigue and better response to training.. The consumption of 500 mL/d of orange juice associated with aerobic training in overweight women decreased cardiovascular disease risk by reducing LDL-C levels and increasing HDL-C levels. This association also decreased blood lactate concentration and increased anaerobic threshold, showing some improvement in the physical performance.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Ascorbic Acid; Body Weight; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Citrus sinensis; Exercise; Female; Folic Acid; Fruit; Humans; Lactic Acid; Lipids; Middle Aged; Muscle Fatigue; Overweight; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations

The objective of the study was to determine whether short-term antioxidant (AOX) supplementation affects insulin sensitivity, endothelial adhesion molecule levels, and oxidative stress in overweight young adults. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study tested the effects of AOXs on measures of insulin sensitivity (homeostasis model assessment [HOMA]) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index), endothelial adhesion molecules (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular adhesion molecule, and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1), adiponectin, and oxidative stress (lipid hydroperoxides) in overweight and normal-weight individuals (N = 48, 18-30 years). Participants received either AOX (vitamin E, 800 IU; vitamin C, 500 mg; beta-carotene, 10 mg) or placebo for 8 weeks. The HOMA values were initially higher in the overweight subjects and were lowered with AOX by week 8 (15% reduction, P = .02). Adiponectin increased in both AOX groups. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 decreased in overweight AOX-treated groups by 6% and 13%, respectively (P < .05). Plasma lipid hydroperoxides were reduced by 0.31 and 0.70 nmol/mL in the normal-weight and overweight AOX-treated groups, respectively, by week 8 (P < .05). Antioxidant supplementation moderately lowers HOMA and endothelial adhesion molecule levels in overweight young adults. A potential mechanism to explain this finding is the reduction in oxidative stress by AOX. Long-term studies are needed to determine whether AOXs are effective in suppressing diabetes or vascular activation over time.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Body Weight; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eating; Endothelial Cells; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen Consumption; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Vitamin E; Vitamins; Young Adult

The thermic effect of feeding (TEF: increase in energy expenditure following acute energy intake) is an important physiological determinant of total daily energy expenditure and thus energy balance. Approximately 40% of TEF is believed to be mediated by sympathoadrenal activation and consequent beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation of metabolism. In sedentary adults, acute administration of ascorbic acid, a potent antioxidant, augments the thermogenic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. We hypothesized that acute ascorbic acid administration augments TEF in sedentary overweight and obese adults. Energy expenditure was determined (ventilated hood technique) before and 4 h after consumption of a liquid-mixed meal (caloric equivalent 40% of resting energy expenditure (REE)) in 11 sedentary, overweight/obese adults (5 men, 6 women; age: 24 +/- 2 years; BMI: 28.5 +/- 1.0 kg/m(2) (mean +/- s.e.)) on two separate, randomly ordered occasions: during continuous intravenous administration of saline (placebo control) and/or ascorbic acid (0.05 g/kg fat-free mass). Acute ascorbic acid administration prevented the increase in plasma concentration of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in the postprandial state (P = 0.04), but did not influence REE (1,668 +/- 107 kcal/day vs.1,684 +/- 84 kcal/day; P = 0.91) or the area under the TEF response curve (33.4 +/- 2.4 kcal vs. 30.5 +/- 3.6 kcal; P = 0.52) (control vs. ascorbic acid, respectively). Furthermore, acute ascorbic acid administration had no effect on respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, or arterial blood pressure in the pre- and postabsorptive states (all P > 0.64). These data imply that the attenuated TEF commonly observed with sedentary lifestyle and obesity is not modulated by ascorbic acid-sensitive oxidative stress.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Rest; Single-Blind Method

We determined the effects of acute intra-arterial vitamin C administration and chronic oral vitamin C supplementation on the capacity of the endothelium to release t-PA in overweight and obese adults. Net endothelial t-PA release was determined in vivo in response to intrabrachial infusions of bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside in 33 sedentary adults: 10 normal-weight (BMI: 23.4 +/- 0.5 kg m(-2); 7M/3F); and 23 overweight/obese (BMI: 31.2 +/- 0.8 kg m(-2); 15M/8F). In 10 normal weight and eight overweight/obese adults the dose-response curves to bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside were repeated with a coinfusion of the antioxidant vitamin C (24 mg min(-1)). Seventeen of the 23 overweight/obese adults completed a 3 month chronic oral vitamin C (500 mg day(-1)) supplementation intervention. Intra-arterial administration of vitamin C significantly potentiated t-PA release in overweight/obese adults. Net release of t-PA was approximately 95% higher (P < 0.01) after (from -0.9 +/- 1.1 to 94.6 +/- 16.2 ng (100 ml tissue)(-1) min(-1)) compared with before (from -0.8 +/- 0.8 to 49.9 +/- 7.7 ng (100 ml tissue)(-1) min(-1)) vitamin C administration. Daily vitamin C supplementation significantly increased t-PA release in overweight/obese adults (from 0.2 +/- 0.9 to 48.2 +/- 6.5 ng (100 ml tissue)(-1) min(-1)) before supplementation versus (0.3 +/- 0.5 to 66.3 +/- 8.7 ng (100 ml tissue)(-1) min(-1)) after supplementation. These results indicate that the antioxidant vitamin C favourably affects the capacity of the endothelium to release t-PA in overweight/obese adults. Daily vitamin C supplementation represents an effective lifestyle intervention strategy for improving endothelial fibrinolytic regulation in this at-risk population.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Bradykinin; Cross-Over Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Drug Administration Schedule; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Male; Middle Aged; Nitroprusside; Overweight; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Vasodilator Agents

This study tested the hypothesis that 3-acetyl-7-oxo-dehydroepiandrosterone alone (7-Keto) and in combination with calcium citrate, green tea extract, ascorbic acid, chromium nicotinate and cholecalciferol (HUM5007) will increase the resting metabolic rate (RMR) of overweight subjects maintained on a calorie-restricted diet. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, overweight adults on a calorie-restricted diet were randomized to three 7-day treatment periods with 7-Keto, HUM5007 or placebo. Resting metabolic rate was measured by indirect calorimetry at the beginning and end of each treatment period with a 7-day washout between testing periods. Of 45 subjects enrolled, 40 completed the study (30 women, 10 men; mean age, 38.5 years; mean mass index, 32.0 kg/m(2)). During the placebo treatment, RMR decreased by 3.9% (75+/-111 kcal/day; mean+/-S.D.); however, RMR increased significantly by 1.4% (21+/-115 kcal/day) and 3.4% (59+/-118 kcal/day) during the 7-Keto and HUM5007 treatment periods, respectively (each compared to placebo, P=.001). No significant differences were found between the treatment periods with respect to compliance or adverse events. In this study, the administration of HUM5007 or 7-Keto reversed the decrease in RMR normally associated with dieting. HUM5007 and 7-Keto increased RMR above basal levels and may benefit obese individuals with impaired energy expenditure. HUM5007 and 7-Keto were generally well tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Basal Metabolism; Caloric Restriction; Camellia sinensis; Cholecalciferol; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotinic Acids; Organometallic Compounds; Overweight; Plant Extracts

The aim of the present study is to examine whether overweight or obese people in Taiwan have an inadequate intake of selected micronutrients. A population-based study was conducted using data from the Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan (NAHSIT) 2013-2016. We evaluated fourteen nutrient intakes using the 24 h dietary recall method. The dietary reference intake (DRI) adherence was estimated by the prevalence of participants whose intake was lower than the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or adequate intakes (AIs) for selected micronutrients. Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 27 kg/m

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Eating; Female; Humans; Magnesium; Male; Micronutrients; Obesity; Overweight; Taiwan; Vitamins

Defined by dysfunction or degeneration of Aδ and C fibers, small fiber neuropathies (SFNs) entail a relevant health burden. In 50% of cases, the underlying cause cannot be identified or treated. In 100 individuals (70% female individuals; mean age: 44.8 years) with an idiopathic, skin biopsy-confirmed SFN, we characterized the symptomatic spectrum and measured markers of oxidative stress (vitamin C, selenium, and glutathione) and inflammation (transforming growth factor beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha), as well as neurotoxic 1-deoxy-sphingolipids. Neuropathic pain was the most abundant symptom (95%) and cause of daily life impairment (72%). Despite the common use of pain killers (64%), the painDETECT questionnaire revealed scores above 13 points in 80% of patients. In the quantitative sensory testing (QST), a dysfunction of Aδ fibers was observed in 70% and of C fibers in 44%, affecting the face, hands, or feet. Despite normal nerve conduction studies, QST revealed Aβ fiber involvement in 46% of patients' test areas. Despite absence of diabetes mellitus or mutations in SPTLC1 or SPTLC2 , plasma 1-deoxy-sphingolipids were significantly higher in the sensory loss patient cluster when compared with those in patients with thermal hyperalgesia ( P < 0.01) or those in the healthy category ( P < 0.1), correlating inversely with the intraepidermal nerve fiber density (1-deoxy-SA: P < 0.05, 1-deoxy-SO: P < 0.01). Patients with arterial hypertension, overweight (body mass index > 25 kg/m 2 ), or hyperlipidemia showed significantly lower L-serine (arterial hypertension: P < 0.01) and higher 1-deoxy-sphingolipid levels (arterial hypertension: P < 0.001, overweight: P < 0.001, hyperlipidemia: P < 0.01). Lower vitamin C levels correlated with functional Aβ involvement ( P < 0.05). Reduced glutathione was lower in patients with Aδ dysfunction ( P < 0.05). Idiopathic SFNs are heterogeneous. As a new pathomechanism, plasma 1-deoxy-sphingolipids might link the metabolic syndrome with small fiber degeneration.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Skin; Small Fiber Neuropathy; Sphingolipids

Aimed to demonstrate the association of VC and metabolism in the obesity or overweight and determine VC changes after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).. A total of 253 overweight or people with obesity were recruited, including 61 with LSG. They were divided into group A (VC < 34 ug/ml) and group B (VC ≥ 34 ug/ml). Glucose-lipid metabolic parameters were compared, and VC status before and 6 and 12 months after LSG were measured.. (1) Body weight, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio, heart rate (HR), diastolic systolic pressure (DBP), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2h-BG), fasting insulin (FINS), 2-hour postprandial insulin (2h-INS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HBG), homeostasis model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TCH), triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) were higher while high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) was lower in group A than group B (p < 0.05). (2) VC was negatively correlated with body weight, BMI, NC, WC and HC, HR, SBP, DBP, and 2h-BG, FINS, 2h-INS, HGB, HOMA-IR, TG and FFA, while positively with HDL-C (p < 0.05). (3) Patients with obesity or hypertriglyceridemia or low HDL-C had lower VC than corresponding group. (p < 0.05). (4) Logistic regression analysis showed that VC was the independent risk factor of hypertriglyceridemia, obesity and low HDL-C 5) VC concentrations were slightly increased in 6 months after LSG, and unchanged in 12 months after LSG.. VC was closely associated with glucose-lipid metabolism, and may play a protective role in metabolic disorders. LSG would not worsen the VC status or deficiency.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Blood Glucose; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Gastrectomy; Glucose; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypertriglyceridemia; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Laparoscopy; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins, HDL; Obesity; Overweight; Triglycerides

Obese or overweight is a risk factor for some chronic diseases, and oxidative stress and inflammation may be one of the molecular mechanisms leading to the persistence of these chronic diseases. Discovering interventions to alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation in the overweight/obese population, is very important for public health and health education.. A two-week panel intervention study (Run 0-Run 1-Run 2) was conducted. The subjects were 77 overweight/obese undergraduates attending Dali University, with a BMI>24 kg/m. The results demonstrated (1) Walking significantly alleviated ROS levels, and this was consistent in Run 1 and Run 2; (2) During Run1, all three intervention modes reduced levels of 8-OHdG, but there was a statistically insignificant increase during Run 2; (3) No alleviating effects of the three intervention modes on TNF-α levels during Run 1 and Run 2 were observed; (4) The alleviating effects of the three intervention modes on IL-1β levels during Run 1 and Run 2 were clear.. Walking and taking vitamin C can reduce levels of ROS, 8-OHdG and IL-1β, but not TNF-α, in overweight/obese participants. These interventions may become potential preventive measures for the overweight against obese-induced oxidative stress and inflammation.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Inflammation; Obesity; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Students; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Walking

Obesity is an increasing problem that can lead to noncommunicable diseases. The role of dietary factors on one's obesity is confirmed in many studies. One nutritional approach that can be used for assessment of the foods and diets is the Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ). Our study is aimed at exploring the association between INQ and obesity. Our hypothesis is that enriched and high-quality diets reduce the risk of overweight or obesity. This study was carried out on 6248 overweight and obese participants, from whom 4356 (69.7%) and 1892 (30.3%) were overweight and obese, respectively. To assess the dietary intake for the participants, a valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 130 food items was utilized. The analysis revealed an inverse association between the overweight and the INQ of iron, thiamin, riboflavin, B6, folate, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin C and E. For the obese group, this inverse association was found for iron, B6, folate, zinc, magnesium, calcium, and vitamin C and E. These results approved our hypothesis that a rich nutrition diet may lead to a lower risk of obesity.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Diet; Folic Acid; Humans; Iron; Magnesium; Nutritive Value; Obesity; Overweight; Vitamins; Zinc

Nutrient patterns have been associated with an increased risk for chronic disease. Evidence to confirm a direct relationship between nutrient patterns and obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) throughout population-based differences including cultural contexts add complexity is not well established yet. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between nutrient patterns and MetS among overweight and obese Iranian women.. Three hundred and sixty obese and overweight women (25 < BMI < 40) were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Dietary intake of 19 nutrients was evaluated by a semi-quantitative standard food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). MetS was determined by abdominal obesity > 88 (cm) in females, Triglycerides ≥ 150 (mg/dL), dyslipidemia (HDL < 50 mg/dL), systolic blood pressure > 130/85 (millimeters), and glucose > 100 (mg/dL). Body composition was assessed by a multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analyzer, InBody 770 scanner. Principle components analysis was applied and four nutrient patterns were identified as following: Pattern 1 (thiamin, iron, carbohydrate, zinc, niacin, protein, magnesium, phosphorus, riboflavin), represented the carbo-vitamin group. Lipid group was showed in pattern 2 (PUFAs, MUFA, vitamin E, trans fatty acids, and Pattern 3 (beta-carotene, vitamin K, vitamin A, vitamin C) represented the anti-oxidant group, finally Pattern 4 was the indicator of the milk group (vitamin D, calcium).. A significant positive association was observed between the anti-oxidant group and obesity (OR 1.40; 95% CI 1.09-1.8; P = 0.01). No relationship between other nutrient pattern and MetS was observed.. The nutrient patterns that are highly loading of beta-carotene, vitamin K, vitamin A, and vitamin C in nutrient patterns may be associated to higher risk of obesity in overweight and obese Iranian women.. Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Iran; Metabolic Syndrome; Nutrients; Obesity; Overweight; Vitamin A; Vitamin K

Although hepcidin synthesis is stimulated by inflammation and inhibited by Fe deficiency, the strength of their opposing effects on serum hepcidin (SHep) in humans remains unclear. It was recently shown that an inflammatory stimulus in anaemic women did not increase SHep or decrease Fe absorption. The enhancing effect of ascorbic acid on Fe absorption may not be effective during inflammation because of increased SHep. Our study aim was to test whether reducing inflammation in Fe-depleted overweight (OW) women with low-grade inflammation would lower SHep and improve Fe absorption with and without ascorbic acid, compared with normal-weight (NW) women without inflammation. Before and after 14 d of anti-inflammatory treatment (3 × 600 mg ibuprofen daily) in OW and NW women (n 36; 19-46 years of age), we measured SHep and fractional Fe absorption (FIA) (erythrocyte Fe incorporation) from 57Fe- and 58Fe-labelled test meals with and without ascorbic acid. There were significant group effects on IL-6, C-reactive protein, serum ferritin and SHep (for all, P < 0·05). There was a significant treatment effect on SHep (P < 0·05): in OW women, treatment decreased IL-6 by approximately 30 % and SHep by approximately 45 %. However, there were no significant treatment or group effects on FIA. Body Fe stores (BIS) were a significant positive predictor of SHep before and after treatment (P < 0·001), but IL-6 was not. Reducing chronic inflammation in OW women halved SHep but did not affect Fe absorption with or without ascorbic acid, and the main predictor of Fe absorption was BIS.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Hepcidins; Humans; Ibuprofen; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Middle Aged; Overweight; Young Adult

The contribution of 100% fruit juice (FJ) to the total daily intakes of energy, sugars, and select vitamins and minerals and to the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) or adequate intake (AI) of these micronutrients was assessed in individuals reporting the consumption of 100% FJ in the national dietary intake surveys of the United States (U.S.;

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Ascorbic Acid; Brazil; Child; Child, Preschool; Data Analysis; Dietary Carbohydrates; Eating; Energy Intake; Folic Acid; Food Analysis; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Humans; Infant; Magnesium; Nutrition Assessment; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritive Value; Obesity; Overweight; Recommended Dietary Allowances; United Kingdom; United States

Inappropriate dietary intake and poor nutritional status are reported to be associated with metabolic syndrome and psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that inappropriate dietary habits and insufficient dietary intake of specific nutrients are associated with schizophrenia. To test the hypothesis, we assessed the dietary habits and nutritional intake of patients with schizophrenia and then developed suitable dietary guidelines. In total, 140 subjects (73 controls and 67 patients with schizophrenia from community mental health centers) were included, and dietary intakes were analyzed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. As a result, the proportion of overweight or obese patients was significantly higher in schizophrenia subjects (64.2%) compared with control subjects (39.7%) (P=.004). The male schizophrenia patients had significantly lower dietary intakes of protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamin K, niacin, folate, and vitamin C than the male control subjects. In all multiple logistic regression models, subjects with the "low" dietary intake of protein, n-3 PUFAs, niacin, folate, and vitamin C had a significantly higher odds ratios for schizophrenia compared with those with the "high" dietary intake category of each nutrient. Therefore, maintenance of a healthy body weight and sufficient dietary intake of protein, PUFAs, niacin, folate, and vitamin C are recommended for Korean patients with schizophrenia.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Feeding Behavior; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minerals; Niacin; Nutrition Policy; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Overweight; Schizophrenia; Vitamins

The aim of this study was to investigate anthropometric measurements, body composition, and serum antioxidant vitamin levels in men with coronary heart disease (CHD). Thirty-five men with CHD and 31 men without CHD, aged 40 - 65 years, were included this study. Dietary records and anthropometric measurements of each participant were recorded by researchers and serum antioxidant vitamin levels and lipid profiles were analyzed. Fat mass (FM) and the percentage of fat mass (FM%) in men with CHD was higher than in men without CHD (p < 0.05). Lipid profiles were found to be similar in both groups, with the exception of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Men with CHD had lower HDL-C levels than men without CHD (p < 0.05). When the antioxidant vitamin intake of participants was investigated, vitamin E intake in men without CHD was found to be less than in men with CHD (p < 0.05). However, serum vitamin A, vitamin E, and vitamin C levels in men with CHD were found to be lower than in men without CHD (p < 0.05). Based on the results of this study, we propose that high FM, low HDL-C, and low serum antioxidant vitamin levels could be important risk factors for CHD.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adiposity; Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol, HDL; Coronary Disease; Diet; Diet Records; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Overweight; Risk Factors; Turkey; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

This study was carried out to determine the relationships between leptin concentrations, lipid alterations, oxidant/ antioxidant status, in vitro LDL oxidizability and LDL-fatty acid composition in overweight breast cancer patients. Glucose, insulin, leptin, lipids, LDL-cholesteryl ester fatty acids, markers of oxidant status (MDA, Hydroperoxides, carbonyl proteins, conjugated dienes) and markers of antioxidant status (vitamins A, C, E, erythrocyte activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase,GPx, and glutathione reductase, GR and the serum total antioxidant status, ORAC) were investigated in breast cancer patients and in control women. Our findings showed that insulin, leptin, triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations were increased in patients compared to controls. ORAC and vitamin C and E values were lower while plasma hydroperoxide, carbonyl protein and conjugated diene levels, SOD and GPx activities were higher than in controls. Alterations in LDL-fatty acid composition were associated with their enhanced oxidative susceptibility. There were significant positive correlations between leptin concentrations and LDL-C, hydroperoxides, carbonyl proteins, SOD activity, baseline conjugated diene levels and oxidation rate, and significant negative correlations between leptin and ORAC, lag time and LDL-PUFA in patients. In conclusion, breast cancer is associated with lipid alterations and enhanced oxidative stress linked to high leptin levels in overweight.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Body Mass Index; Breast Neoplasms; Catalase; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Leptin; Lipoproteins; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Superoxide Dismutase; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

To analyse the effects of vitamin C (VC), a potent dietary antioxidant, oral supplementation on body weight gain, behavioural activity, lipolytic response and glucocorticoid metabolism in the early stages of diet-induced overweight in rats.. Food intake, locomotive activity and faecal corticosterone were assessed during the 14 day trial period. After 2 weeks, the animals were sacrificed and the body composition, biochemical markers and lipolytic response from isolated adipocytes from retroperitoneal white adipose tissue were examined.. The intake of a high-fat diet by rats induced a significant increase in body weight, adiposity and insulin resistance markers as well as a decrease in faecal corticosterone levels compared with standard diet-fed rats. Interestingly, the animals fed on the cafeteria diet showed a significant increase in the isoproterenol-induced lipolytic response in isolated adipocytes. Furthermore, this cafeteria-fed group showed a reduced locomotive behaviour than the control rats. On the other hand, oral VC supplementation in animals receiving the high-fat diet restored the cafeteria diet effect in some of the analysed variables such as final body weight and plasma insulin to control group levels. Remarkably, increases in locomotive behaviour and a significant decrease in the lipolytic response induced by isoproterenol on isolated adipocytes from animals treated with VC were observed.. This work demonstrates that an oral ascorbic acid supplementation has direct effects on behavioural activity and on adipocyte lipolysis in early obesity stages in rats, which could indicate a protective short-term role of this vitamin against adiposity induced by chronic high-fat diet consumption.

Topics: Adipocytes; Adiposity; Administration, Oral; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Corticosterone; Dietary Fats; Feces; Glucocorticoids; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Isoproterenol; Lipolysis; Male; Motor Activity; Overweight; Rats; Rats, Wistar

Carotenoid and vitamin C intakes, assessed by FFQ, have been positively associated with plasma concentrations in different populations. However, the influence of BMI on these associations has not been explored in detail. We explored in a cross-sectional study the relation between dietary carotenoid and vitamin C intakes, using a 135-item FFQ, with their plasma concentrations by BMI categories in 252 men and 293 women, 65 years and older. For men and women combined, significant (P < 0.05) Pearson correlations were observed between energy-adjusted dietary intakes and plasma concentrations (carotenoids adjusted for cholesterol) for: alpha-carotene 0.21, beta-carotene 0.19, lycopene 0.18, beta-cryptoxanthin 0.20 and vitamin C 0.36. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that the intake of carotenoids and vitamin C were significant predictors of their respective plasma concentration (P<0.01), and that BMI was inversely associated with plasma concentration of carotenoids (P< or =0.01) but not with plasma vitamin C. In addition, we observed significant interactions between BMI and the intakes of alpha-carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin, and to a lower extent beta-carotene, suggesting that these intakes in subjects with high BMI were not good predictors of their plasma concentration. The present data suggest that plasma carotenoids and vitamin C may be good markers of dietary intake in elderly subjects, but not so for alpha-carotene, beta-carotene and lutein + zeaxanthin in obese subjects.

Topics: Aged; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Body Mass Index; Carotenoids; Cholesterol; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cryptoxanthins; Diet; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Lycopene; Male; Obesity; Overweight; Prevalence; Spain; Vitamins; Xanthophylls

In obese children, subclinical inflammation is often present and is correlated with the metabolic syndrome. Dietary factors, such as fatty acids and antioxidants, potentially modulate the association between adiposity and subclinical inflammation, but few data are available in children.. The aim of the study was to determine whether dietary fat or antioxidant intakes influence circulating tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and leptin concentrations in overweight children.. In a cross-sectional study of 6-14-y-old normal-weight (n = 33), overweight (n = 19), and obese (n = 27) Swiss children, nutritional intakes were assessed from two 24-h dietary recalls and a 1-d dietary record. Percentage body fat from skinfold thicknesses, waist-hip ratio, and blood pressure were measured. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of insulin, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol, CRP, IL-6, TNF-alpha, and leptin concentrations.. CRP, IL-6, and leptin increased significantly (P < 0.02) with increasing adiposity, independent of age; TNF-alpha did not increase. Total dietary fat and the percentage of energy from fat were significant predictors of CRP concentration, independent of body mass index (P < 0.05). Meat intake was a significant predictor of IL-6 and leptin, independent of body mass index (P < 0.05). Intakes of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins E and C and beta-carotene) were significant predictors of leptin (P < 0.05) but not of CRP, IL-6, or TNF-alpha.. Overweight Swiss children as young as 6 y have elevated concentrations of inflammatory markers. Intakes of total fat and antioxidant vitamins are determinants of subclinical inflammation in this age group.

Topics: Adolescent; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Carotenoids; Child; Cholesterol, HDL; Dietary Fats; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Insulin; Interleukin-6; Leptin; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Overweight; Predictive Value of Tests; Skinfold Thickness; Switzerland; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vitamin E; Vitamins; Waist-Hip Ratio