ascorbic-acid and Lung-Diseases--Obstructive

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Dietetics; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Vitamin E

This in vitro study evaluated, for the first time, the safety and the biological activity of a novel urea-crosslinked hyaluronic acid component and sodium ascorbyl phosphate (HA-CL - SAP), singularly and/or in combination, intended for the treatment of inflammatory lung diseases. The aim was to understand if the combination HA-CL - SAP had an enhanced activity with respect to the combination native hyaluronic acid (HA) - SAP and the single SAP, HA and HA-CL components. Sample solutions displayed pH, osmolality and viscosity values suitable for lung delivery and showed to be not toxic on epithelial Calu-3 cells at the concentrations used in this study. The HA-CL - SAP displayed the most significant reduction in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, due to the combined action of HA-CL and SAP. Moreover, this combination showed improved cellular healing (wound closure) with respect to HA - SAP, SAP and HA, although at a lower rate than HA-CL alone. These preliminary results showed that the combination HA-CL - SAP could be suitable to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in lung disorders like acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, where inflammation is prominent.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Cross-Linking Reagents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Drug Compounding; Electric Impedance; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Interleukin-6; Lung; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Osmolar Concentration; Reactive Oxygen Species; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Urea; Viscosity

Following a period of airway inflammation the clearance of inflammatory cells along the mucociliary escalator may impose a considerable oxidant load on the trachea.. To determine the degree of oxidative stress in tracheal epithelial lining fluid (ELF) in comparison to that present in peripheral airways after an acute exposure to organic dust.. Tracheal wash fluid and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected for cytology and antioxidant analyses from 6 recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)-affected horses and 6 healthy control horses before and after stabling on straw bedding for 24 h.. In RAO-affected horses, organic dust exposure resulted in a significant decrease in ascorbic acid concentration in tracheal ELF (P<0.0001), which was greater than the decrease in bronchoalveolar ELF (P = 0.0003). The percentage decrease in tracheal ELF ascorbic acid correlated with the percentage decrease in bronchoalveolar ELF ascorbic acid (r = 0.76; P = 0.004) following exposure.. Acute organic dust exposure results in significant antioxidant depletion in the trachea, which may reflect inflammation and oxidative processes in peripheral airways.. Further work is required to evaluate the role of ascorbic acid depletion in the pathogenesis of RAO.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Dust; Epithelium; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Recurrence; Trachea

Inhaled ozone can induce oxidative injury and airway inflammation. Horses affected by recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) have a decreased pulmonary antioxidant capacity, which may render them more susceptible to oxidative challenge. It is currently unknown whether RAO-affected horses are more susceptible to oxidative stress than those unaffected by RAO.. To determine whether ozone exposure induces greater oxidative stress and airway inflammation in RAO-affected horses in remission than in healthy horses.. Seven healthy control horses and 7 RAO-affected horses were exposed to 0.8 ppm ozone for 2 h at rest.. At baseline, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) ascorbic acid concentrations were lower in RAO-affected horses than healthy controls. Ozone appeared to preferentially oxidise glutathione rather than ascorbic acid 6 h after exposure. Individual healthy and RAO-affected horses demonstrated oxidation of BALF glutathione after ozone exposure. Overall, RAO-affected horses did not demonstrate increased oxidative stress following ozone exposure, compared with healthy horses. Ozone did not induce significant airway inflammation in either group.. RAO-affected horses in remission are not more sensitive to ozone despite a decreased pulmonary antioxidant capacity. Sensitivity to ozone appears to be independent of initial pulmonary antioxidant status.. Horses with high susceptibility to oxidative stress may benefit from antioxidant supplementation.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Case-Control Studies; Female; Glutathione; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Oxidants, Photochemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Ozone; Recurrence

To determine the pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations and degree of oxidation of ascorbic acid in horses affected by recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in the presence and absence of neutrophilic airway inflammation.. 6 RAO-affected horses and 8 healthy control horses.. Nonenzymatic antioxidant concentrations were determined in RBC, plasma, and ELF samples of control horses and RAO-affected horses in the presence and absence of airway inflammation.. ELF ascorbic acid concentration was decreased in RAO-affected horses with airway inflammation (median, 0.06 mmol/L; 25th and 75th percentiles, 0.0 and 0.4 mmol/L), compared with RAO-affected horses without airway inflammation (1.0 mmol/L; 0.7 and 1.5 mmol/L) and control horses (2.2 mmol/L; 1.4 and 2.2 mmol/L). Epithelial lining fluid ascorbic acid remained significantly lower in RAO-affected horses without airway inflammation than in control horses. Moreover, the ELF ascorbic acid redox ratio (ie, ratio of the concentrations of dehydroascorbate to total ascorbic acid) was higher in RAO-affected horses with airway inflammation (median, 0.85; 25th and 75th percentiles, 0.25 and 1.00), compared with RAO-affected horses without airway inflammation (0.04; 0.02 and 0.22). The number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was inversely related to the ELF ascorbic acid concentration (r = -0.81) and positively correlated with the ascorbic acid redox ratio (r = 0.65).. Neutrophilic inflammation in horses affected by RAO is associated with a reduction in the ELF ascorbic acid pool. Nutritional supplementation with ascorbic acid derivatives in horses affected by RAO is an area for further investigation.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Epithelium; Horse Diseases; Horses; Lung; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Pneumonia

Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary antioxidant vitamins are positively associated with lung function. No evidence exists regarding whether dietary carotenoids other than beta-carotene are related to pulmonary function. In 1995--1998 the authors studied the association of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity as the percentage of the predicted value (FEV(1)% and FVC%, respectively) after adjustment for height, age, gender, and race with the intakes of several carotenoids (alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene) in a random sample of 1,616 men and women who were residents of western New York State, aged 35--79 years, and free from respiratory disease. They observed significant associations of lutein/zeaxanthin and vitamins C and E with FEV(1)% and FVC% using multiple linear regression after adjustment for total energy intake, smoking, and other covariates. When they analyzed all of these antioxidant vitamins simultaneously, they observed the strongest association of vitamin E with FEV(1)% and of lutein/zeaxanthin with FVC%. The differences in forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity associated with a decrease of 1 standard deviation of dietary vitamin E or lutein/zeaxanthin were equivalent to the influence of approximately 1--2 years of aging. Their findings support the hypothesis that carotenoids, vitamin C, and vitamin E may play a role in respiratory health and that carotenoids other than beta-carotene may be involved.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Lung; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Vital Capacity; Vitamin E

Blood transfusion has been recognised as a risk factor for the development of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) or chronic lung disease (CLD) in preterm infants, but the precise mechanism involved is not understood.. To investigate the level of non-transferrin bound "free" iron, which has the potential to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species, and its redox status in the plasma of preterm infants immediately before and after blood transfusion.. Twenty one preterm infants with a median gestational age and birth weight of 27 weeks and 1021 g respectively were prospectively enrolled in the study. Sixteen of the 21 infants developed ROP and/or CLD. The infants were transfused with concentrated red blood cells at a median age of 32 days. The plasma concentration of total bleomycin detectable iron (BDI) was measured and also the ferrous iron (Fe(2+)) activity by bleomycin-iron complex dependent degradation of DNA.. Even before blood transfusion, BDI was detectable in one third of the blood samples, and all but one sample had ferrous iron activity. After transfusion, both BDI and ferrous iron activity were significantly increased, in contrast with the situation in full term infants. Plasma ascorbic acid (AA) concentration was significantly decreased after blood transfusion, whereas the level of its oxidation product, dehydroascorbic acid (DHAA), and the DHAA/AA ratio were significantly increased compared with before the transfusion. The activity of plasma ferroxidase, which converts iron from the ferrous to the ferric state, was appreciably decreased in preterm infants, as expected from their very low plasma caeruloplasmin concentration.. Plasma non-transferrin bound iron was significantly increased in preterm infants after blood transfusion and existed partly in the ferrous form, because of the low ferroxidase activity and the reduction of ferric iron (Fe(3+)) by ascorbic acid. This finding was specific to preterm infants and was not observed in full term infants after blood transfusion. Non-transferrin bound "free" iron may catalyse the generation of reactive oxygen species, which may be responsible for the clinical association of blood transfusion with ROP and CLD.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Bleomycin; Ceruloplasmin; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Iron; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Prospective Studies; Reactive Oxygen Species; Retinopathy of Prematurity; Statistics, Nonparametric; Transferrin

Recent studies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have raised interest in its relation to nutrition. Several dietary antioxidants have been positively associated with lung function in healthy, general population samples. This study considered the separate and joint effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium intake and used both dietary assessment and serum biomarkers of antioxidant status. The authors used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey comprising a sample representative of the US population in 1988-1994 (n = 18,162 subjects aged > or =17 years). Multiple linear regression analysis examined the separate and joint effects of the antioxidants on the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/height2 adjusted for covariates. Each of the dietary and serum antioxidant nutrients was significantly associated with FEV1. When they were considered simultaneously (dietary and serum variables considered in separate models), independent associations were observed for most nutrients. Serum beta-carotene was less positively associated with FEV1 in smokers than nonsmokers, while serum selenium had a stronger positive association with FEV1 in smokers. The authors found that higher levels of antioxidant nutrients are associated with better lung function. The finding that the antioxidants differ in both their overall association with lung function and in whether this association varies by smoking status has implications for further research.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Diet; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Linear Models; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Assessment; Nutrition Surveys; Predictive Value of Tests; Selenium; Smoking; Spirometry; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States; Vitamin E

Previous studies have reported an association between plasma vitamin C levels and respiratory function, but have not examined the role of vitamin C as an effect modifier of the relation between cigarette smoking and obstructive airways disease (OAD). This question was investigated in a cross-sectional analysis of a population-based study of 3,714 males and 4,256 females aged 45-74 yrs. Undiagnosed OAD was defined as a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of <80% of the predicted value and FEV1/forced vital capacity of <70% without self-reported OAD. An increase of 20 micromol x L(-1) (or 1 SD) in plasma vitamin C concentration was associated with a 13% reduction in the risk of having OAD (adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) 0.87 (0.77-0.98)). The OR for current smokers relative to never smokers within the lowest quintile of plasma vitamin C concentration was 5.93 (3.03-11.61). The risk in the upper four quintiles was 2.84 (1.92-4.19). Within the lowest quintile of plasma vitamin C concentration, the risk in former smokers was strongly related to the time since quitting (interaction significant, p=0.001). These findings support a protective role for vitamin C against the risk of obstructive airways disease and support the hypothesis that vitamin C may be an effect modifier for the adverse effects of smoking on the risk of obstructive airways disease.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Smoking; Vital Capacity

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Fruit; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Vegetables

The pharmacological therapy of asthmatic syndromes is based essentially on the programmed use of disodium cromoglycate, beta-2-stimulants, antimuscarinics, theophyllines and corticosteroids. However, the continual progress being made in pathogenesis and pharmacology suggests, to an ever-increasing extent, the application of new therapeutic approaches for these diseases, some of which are fairly interesting from a speculative point of view although they are as yet of limited practical value. Calcium antagonists and alpha-blockers have a mild anti-reactive effect but this is not sufficiently potent to justify use of these products in the treatment of asthma unless there are also cardiovascular disorders for which these drugs are particularly indicated. Despite the initial promising prospects, all attempts to obtain PGE analogues of therapeutic value as antiasthmatics have proved fruitless. Research into orally active chromone derivatives has proved equally unproductive. On the other hand, certain new inhalatory chromones are decidedly more promising. Specific antagonization of mediators (histamine, prostaglandin, leukotrienes) did not produce the effect hoped for in asthma, but this was foreseeable insofar as the major pathogenic mediators are too vast in number (and no doubt there are still many more to be discovered) to allow one to conceive it possible to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect by merely blocking some of them. Inflammation of the bronchial wall is currently considered to be one of the basic pathogenic factors provoking the recurrence of asthma: this is proved indirectly by the potent antiasthmatic effect of corticosteroids which are the most effective anti-inflammatory agents. As regards nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), however, matters are more complicated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Ascorbic Acid; Asthma; Bronchitis; Calcium Channel Blockers; Chromones; Cromolyn Sodium; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Prostaglandins E

Specific conductance (sGaw) was measured without prior pharmacological induction of bronchoconstriction before and 5-10 s after a total lung capacity (TLC) volume history in normal subjects and in individuals with chronic airflow obstruction (CAO); increased sGaw after inspiration to TLC was considered evidence of airway hysteresis. Lung elastic recoil [Pst(L)] was also measured before and after inspiration to TLC. In the normal subjects 1) prebronchodilator sGaw increased significantly, whereas Pst(L) decreased significantly after inspiration to TLC; 2) modulators of cyclooxygenase activity had no significant effects on sGaw responses to deep inspiration; and 3) airway hysteresis diminished after inhalation of atropine or metaproterenol. In the CAO group 1) prebronchodilator sGaw and Pst(L) decreased significantly after inspiration to TLC, and 2) bronchoconstriction after deep inspiration diminished after inhalation of atropine or metaproterenol. This study demonstrates that normal airways exhibit hysteresis even without alteration of resting airway tone and that airway hysteresis is impaired in CAO.

Topics: Adult; Airway Resistance; Ascorbic Acid; Aspirin; Bronchi; Female; Humans; Indomethacin; Lung Compliance; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Middle Aged; Pulmonary Ventilation; Time Factors; Total Lung Capacity

Warnings have been issued regarding safety in the use of theophylline preparations in patients receiving influenza vaccination. These were prompted by reports that influenza vaccination caused inhibition of metabolism of theophylline and aminopyrine. Previous work has indicated a role for ascorbic acid in mixed function oxidase activity, and ascorbic acid is commonly used by the public. We studied the effect of influenza vaccination and ascorbic acid supplementation on the rate of elimination of theophylline. In 11 patients and 12 normal subjects no significant effects of influenza vaccination or ascorbic acid supplementation on theophylline clearance, serum half-life, or apparent volume of distribution were detected (p greater than 0.3). We conclude that neither influenza vaccination nor ascorbic acid supplementation induce a predictable effect on theophylline disposition.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Kinetics; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Theophylline

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Lung Neoplasms; Neutrophils

Topics: Aerosols; Ascorbic Acid; Boric Acids; Drug Combinations; Humans; Isoproterenol; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Propylene Glycols; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Therapy; Sulfacetamide; Theophylline; Vital Capacity