ascorbic-acid and Infant--Newborn--Diseases

To determine whether supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy reduces the risk of preeclampsia and other adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes.. Systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials.. Nine trials involving a total of 19,810 women were included. Overall, there were no significant differences between the vitamin and placebo groups in the risk of preeclampsia (9.6% vs 9.6%; relative risk, 1.00, 95% confidence interval, 0.92-1.09). Similar results were obtained when subgroup analyses were restricted to women at high risk or low/moderate risk for preeclampsia. Women supplemented with vitamins C and E were at increased risk of developing gestational hypertension and premature rupture of membranes, and decreased risk of abruptio placentae. There were no significant differences between the vitamin and placebo groups in the risk of other adverse maternal or fetal/perinatal outcomes.. Supplementation with vitamins C and E during pregnancy does not prevent preeclampsia.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin E; Vitamins

In this review the development of the concept 'hypoxia-reoxygenation injury' is outlined. An update of some important factors and mechanisms related to oxidative stress injury in newborn infants is presented, including the metabolism of glutathione, the role of antioxidants, iron and nitric oxide, and how these may influence health and disease in the newborn and contribute to 'oxygen radical disease of the newborn'. New insight into how hyperoxia and hypoxia may induce changes leading to retinopathy of prematurity by vascular endothelial growth factor acting in concert with insulin-like growth factor is briefly summarized. Inflammation and oxidative stress seem to be two sides of the same coin in newborn babies both contributing to injury partly through similar mechanisms.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Glutathione; Humans; Hyperoxia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Iron; Lipid Peroxidation; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tocopherols

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium, Dietary; Female; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Leg; Milk; Minerals; Muscle Cramp; Nutritional Requirements; Phosphorus; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pyridoxine; Trace Elements; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cystathionine; Diagnosis, Differential; Histidine; Humans; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Methionine; Milk Proteins; Phenylalanine; Rats; Testicular Diseases; Time Factors; Tyrosine

Infants whose mothers smoked during pregnancy demonstrate lifelong decreases in pulmonary function. DNA methylation changes associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy have been described in placenta and cord blood at delivery, in fetal lung, and in buccal epithelium and blood during childhood. We demonstrated in a randomized clinical trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT00632476) that vitamin C supplementation to pregnant smokers can lessen the impact of maternal smoking on offspring pulmonary function and decrease the incidence of wheeze at 1 year of age.. To determine whether vitamin C supplementation reduces changes in offspring methylation in response to maternal smoking and whether methylation at specific CpGs is also associated with respiratory outcomes.. Targeted bisulfite sequencing was performed with a subset of placentas, cord blood samples, and buccal samples collected during the NCT00632476 trial followed by independent validation of selected cord blood differentially methylated regions, using bisulfite amplicon sequencing.. The majority (69.03%) of CpGs with at least 10% methylation difference between placebo and nonsmoker groups were restored (by at least 50%) toward nonsmoker levels with vitamin C treatment. A significant proportion of restored CpGs were associated with phenotypic outcome with greater enrichment among hypomethylated CpGs.. We identified a pattern of normalization in DNA methylation by vitamin C supplementation across multiple loci. The consistency of this pattern across tissues and time suggests a systemic and persistent effect on offspring DNA methylation. Further work is necessary to determine how genome-wide changes in DNA methylation may mediate or reflect persistent effects of maternal smoking on lung function.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Lung Diseases; Maternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking

Maternal smoking during pregnancy adversely affects offspring lung development, with lifelong decreases in pulmonary function and increased asthma risk. In a primate model, vitamin C blocked some of the in-utero effects of nicotine on lung development and offspring pulmonary function.. To determine if newborns of pregnant smokers randomized to receive daily vitamin C would have improved results of pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and decreased wheezing compared with those randomized to placebo.. Randomized, double-blind trial conducted in 3 sites in the Pacific Northwest between March 2007 and January 2011. One hundred fifty-nine newborns of randomized pregnant smokers (76 vitamin C treated and 83 placebo treated) and 76 newborns of pregnant nonsmokers were studied with newborn PFTs. Follow-up assessment including wheezing was assessed through age 1 year, and PFTs were performed at age 1 year.. Pregnant women were randomized to receive vitamin C (500 mg/d) (n = 89) or placebo (n = 90).. The primary outcome was measurement of newborn pulmonary function (ratio of the time to peak tidal expiratory flow to expiratory time [TPTEF:TE] and passive respiratory compliance per kilogram [Crs/kg]) within 72 hours of age. Secondary outcomes included incidence of wheezing through age 1 year and PFT results at age 1 year. A subgroup of pregnant smokers and nonsmokers had genotyping performed.. Newborns of women randomized to vitamin C (n = 76), compared with those randomized to placebo (n = 83), had improved pulmonary function as measured by TPTEF:TE (0.383 vs 0.345 [adjusted 95% CI for difference, 0.011-0.062]; P = .006) and Crs/kg (1.32 vs 1.20 mL/cm H2O/kg [95% CI, 0.02-0.20]; P = .01). Offspring of women randomized to vitamin C had significantly decreased wheezing through age 1 year (15/70 [21%] vs 31/77 [40%]; relative risk, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.33-0.95]; P = .03). There were no significant differences in the 1-year PFT results between the vitamin C and placebo groups. The effect of maternal smoking on newborn lung function was associated with maternal genotype for the α5 nicotinic receptor (rs16969968) (P < .001 for interaction).. Supplemental vitamin C taken by pregnant smokers improved newborn PFT results and decreased wheezing through 1 year in the offspring. Vitamin C in pregnant smokers may be an inexpensive and simple approach to decrease the effects of smoking in pregnancy on newborn pulmonary function and respiratory morbidities.. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00632476.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Lung; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory Sounds; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Smoking; Vitamins; Young Adult

Vitamins are playing an increasingly important role in "malattie evolutive", both in the newer sense meaning diseases connected with general development and in the original sense of progressive diseases. Examples of the preventive use of vitamins in certain development phases are the prophylactic administration of vitamin E in premature and new-born babies as protection against retrolental fibroplasia, vitamin K against haemorrhage and vitamin D against bone deformation. Deficient ossification in osteogenesis imperfecta can be prevented by high doses of vitamin C. Recently, greater medical interest has centred around the preventive use of high vitamin dosage in "malattie evolutive" in the original sense. Here, the main interest has been in vitamins E and C which, as recent investigations show, are capable of retarding or preventing deleterious cardiovascular or oncological diseases.

Topics: Adolescent; Aorta; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Glucose; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholesterol; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Lipids; Male; Osteogenesis Imperfecta; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Pregnancy

We have previously shown that substantial losses of fat-soluble (FS) vitamin A from parenteral alimentation solution occur due to adsorption in the intravenous tubing and photodegradation in the bottle. This study assessed the delivery of other vitamins, viz, FS vitamin E and water-soluble (WS) vitamin C, from parenteral alimentation solution. The solution containing 2.0 ml/L of an aqueous multivitamin infusion was infused at a constant rate of 10 ml/h using a standard intravenous administration set. Multiple aliquots of the solution from the bottle and the effluent obtained sequentially in a 24-h period were analyzed for concentrations of vitamins E and C. Both vitamins remained relatively stable in the bottle. A significant amount (12%) of vitamin E was lost in the intravenous tubing. No losses of vitamin C were incurred in the intravenous tubing. The data suggest that delivery of FS vitamin E from parenteral alimentation solutions is less than optimum because of adsorptive losses. Similar losses are not encountered with WS vitamin C.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Parenteral Nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Time Factors; Vitamin E

Six cases of PCP intoxication in young children age 5 years and younger seen at UCLA Medical Center recently and 10 other cases from the literature are described and their clinical findings summarized. PCP intoxication should be suspected in young children and infants presenting with rapid onset of lethargy or coma, strange behavior, staring spells, ataxia, and nystagmus. Other findings less frequent but still suspect are opisthotonos, hypertension, tachypnea or hyperpnea, miosis, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, and rigidity. Once suspected, the diagnosis is most easily made by finding PCP in the urine. Proper diagnosis of PCP intoxication is important to ensure that rapid, appropriate treatment is given, costly diagnostic workups are avoided, and family evaluations are instituted. One case strongly suggests that intoxication in infants may result from accidental inhalation when near individuals who are smoking PCP.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ataxia; Diagnosis, Differential; Environmental Exposure; Female; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Nystagmus, Pathologic; Phencyclidine; Sleep Stages; Spasm

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Canada; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pediatrics; Societies, Medical; Tyrosine

Topics: Amines; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Female; Glucose; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Lipid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Peptides; Phosphatidylcholines; Ribose

Topics: Apgar Score; Ascorbic Acid; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Diet Therapy; Female; Food Preservation; Histidine; Humans; Infant Food; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature; Isoleucine; Leucine; Lysine; Male; Methionine; Phenylalanine; Threonine; Tryptophan; Valine

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Birth Weight; Breast Feeding; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Hypernatremia; Infant Food; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Respiratory Tract Infections; Tetany; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin K; Vomiting

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Female; Heterozygote; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Methemoglobinemia; Methylene Blue; Pedigree

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Mass Screening; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Tyrosine

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Obstetric Labor Complications; Physiology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Osteomalacia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Pyridoxine; Rats; Scurvy; Seizures; Skull; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Rhinitis; Vasodilator Agents

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Autopsy; Birth Injuries; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anorexia Nervosa; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Celiac Disease; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Diet Therapy; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sprue, Tropical; United Kingdom; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin K; Vitamins; Vomiting

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cytochrome-B(5) Reductase; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase; Drug Therapy; Genetics, Medical; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Metabolic Diseases; Methemoglobinemia; Methylene Blue; NAD; NADP