ascorbic-acid and Hypothyroidism

Malabsorption of l-T4 is a major clinical problem. Changes in gastric pH caused by several medical illnesses are associated with difficulties in the control of patients with hypothyroidism receiving the hormone. Means to correct these alterations would be of clinical value.. Our objective was to study the effect of vitamin C on the absorption of l-T4 in patients with hypothyroidism and gastritis.. Thirty-one patients with hypothyroidism, 28 females age 47.5 ± 13.5 (mean ± SD) years and 3 males age 55.7 ± 11.2 years ingested the dose of l-T4 in 120 mL water containing or not containing 500 mg vitamin C in a solution of pH 2.9 ± 0.1 (mean ± SD). Serum concentrations of free T4 and TSH were measured at the end of 3 periods of 2 months each, 2 controls and 1 vitamin C. Serum total T3 was measured in 16 of the patients, before and at the end of the vitamin C period. Serum TSH and free T4 and T3 were measured by a solid-phase, enzyme-labeled chemiluminescent competitive immunoassay All patients had gastrointestinal pathology and were not in good control when taking l-T4 before the study, and 23 had autoimmune thyroiditis or idiopathic hypothyroidism. The median l-T4 dose was 100 μg with an interquartile range of 50 μg. The protocol was reviewed and approved by our institution's ethics committee. Patients were asked to sign a written consent to participate in the study.. Serum concentrations of TSH, free T4, and T3 improved while on vitamin C. Serum TSH decreased in all patients (control, 11.1 [10.5] μIU/mL, median [interquartile range]), vitamin C 4.2 (3.7) μIU/mL, P = .0001), and it was normalized in 17 patients (54.8%). The average decrease was 69.2%. Serum T4 was higher with vitamin C in 30 of the 31 patients (control, 1.1 [0.3] ng/dL; vitamin C, 1.3 [0.3] ng/dL; P < .0001), and serum T3 increased as well in all 16 patients in whom it was measured (control, 60.5 [16.5] ng/dL; vitamin C, 70 [21] ng/dL; P < .005).. In patients with hypothyroidism and gastrointestinal pathology, vitamin C improves the abnormalities in serum free T4, T3, and TSH concentrations. This approach is helpful in the management of these patients.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Gastritis; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Middle Aged; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

Multiple vitamin deficiencies together with endocrinopathy may be encountered in individuals presenting with critical illness. Following the surprise postmortem diagnosis of concomitant scurvy, Wernicke, and hypothyroidism in an elderly woman presenting with a mix of atypical symptoms, patients considered at risk were tested for TSH, vitamin C, and thiamin levels. Between September 1, 2018, and December 31, 2022, 801 vitamin C levels in 679 patients were measured in our rural hospital and 309 (39%) were found <0.4 mg/dL. In this population, 39% of 626 thiamin levels were found to be low. Twenty-two patients with vitamin C and/or thiamin deficiency and elevated TSH levels were identified. Two patients died from scurvy; one also had myxedema. The incidence of vitamin C and thiamin deficiency in our patient population was higher than expected. Further studies should determine if this is unique to our rural setting or part of a bigger trend associated with poor dietary choices.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Scurvy; Thiamine; Thyrotropin

The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of boldenone undecylenate (BL) abuse alone and in combination with vitamin C (VC) on the immune responses and thyroid structure and function in rats. Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five equal groups and were subjected to various treatment regimens for eight weeks as follows: control group, vehicle control group, VC group orally received VC (120 mg/Kg BW/day), BL-treated group intramuscularly injected with BL (5 mg/kg BW, once/week), and BL+VC group received BL and VC. At the end of this experiment, blood and tissue samples (thyroid, thymus, and spleen) were subjected to hematological evaluation, biochemical analysis, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. In comparison to controls, BL significantly increased the levels of serum proinflammatory interleukins (IL-1 β and IL-6), immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM), and complement 3 but reduced anti-inflammatory interleukin-10, lysosome, and nitric oxide. Besides, altered platelet count and leukogram were evident in BL-injected rats. BL notably disturbed thyroid profile as revealed by a significant increase of thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid peroxidase antibody. In contrast, both total and free forms of thyroid hormones (tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine), thyroglobulin, and thyroid peroxidase, were significantly decreased. Moreover, BL caused histopathological changes in the thyroid, thymus, and spleen tissues.CD4

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Platelets; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Immune System; Immunoglobulins; Interleukins; Iodide Peroxidase; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Spleen; Testosterone; Thymus Gland; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune

Hypothyroidism causes an imbalance in antioxidant and pro-oxidants criteria in the brain and enhances the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and neuronal damage has been observed following an excessive ROS. The main purpose of this study was to examine the preventive effect of vitamin C on hypothyroidism associated neuronal damage in the hippocampus of neonatal and juvenile rats. Pregnant rats after delivery of their pups were randomly divided into four groups and treated with (1) normal drinking water as a control group, (2) Propylthiouracil (PTU) 0.005% added to drinking water, (3-, 4) PTU + Vit C 10 mg/ kg and PTU + Vit C 100 mg/ kg to drinking water. Treatment was carried out during rat's lactation period until to the postnatal day (PND) 60. To assess the histological and stereological changes that occur in this study, brains of 5 male pups were extracted. The number of dark neurons and apoptotic cells in the hippocampal sub-regions of PTU group was significantly greater than the control group's hippocampal sub-regions. In addition, hypothyroidism induced a reduction in the hippocampal volume and increased the numerical density and the total amount of dark neurons. The vitamin C only dose of 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the number of dark neurons and apoptotic cells (P < 0.01) and considerably weakened the influence of hypothyroidism on the volume reduction of the hippocampus (P < 0.05). The current study suggested that vitamin C administration has a possibility to prevent hippocampal neuronal damage caused by neonatal and juvenile hypothyroidism in rats.

Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antioxidants; Antithyroid Agents; Apoptosis; Ascorbic Acid; Cell Count; Female; Hippocampus; Hypothyroidism; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Male; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Pregnancy; Propylthiouracil; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thyroxine

In this study the effects of Vitamin C (Vit C) on hypothyroidism-associated learning and memory impairment in juvenile rats was investigated. The pregnant rats were kept in separate cages. After delivery, they were randomly divided into six groups and treated: (1) Control; (2) Propylthiouracil (PTU) which 0.005% PTU in their drinking; (3-5) Propylthiouracil- Vit C groups; besides PTU, dams in these groups received 10, 100 and 500 mg/kg Vit C respectively, (6) one group as a positive control; the intact rats received an effective dose, 100 mg/kg Vit. C. After delivery, the pups were continued to receive the experimental treatments in their drinking water up to 56th day of their life. Ten male offspring of each group were randomly selected and tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) which were started at 63th day (one week after stopping of the treatments). Brains were then removed for biochemical measurements. PTU increased time latency and traveled distance during 5 days in MWM while, reduced the spent time in target quadrant in MWM and step-trough latency (STL) in PA. PTU decreased thiol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the brain while, increased molondialdehyde (MDA). In MWM test, 10, 100 and 500 mg/kg Vit C reduced time latency and traveled distance without affecting the traveling speed during 5 days. All doses of Vit C increased the spent time in target quadrant in probe trail of MWM and also increased STL in PA test. Vit C increased thiol, SOD and CAT in the brain tissues while, reduced MDA. Results of present study confirmed the beneficial effects of Vit C on learning and memory. It also demonstrated that Vit C has protective effects on hypothyroidism-associated learning and memory impairment in juvenile rats which might be elucidated by the antioxidative effects.

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Association Learning; Female; Hypothyroidism; Male; Memory Disorders; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Treatment Outcome

In the present study effects of 6-n-propyl thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism on renal antioxidant defence system during postnatal development (from birth to 7, 15 and 30days old) and on adult rats were reported. Hypothyroidism in rats was induced by feeding the lactating mothers (from the day of parturition till weaning, 25days old) or directly to the pups with 0.05% PTU in drinking water. The activities of Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were increased in 30days old hypothyroid rats with respect to their respective controls, on the other hand, levels of translated products and activities of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) were decreased in hypothyroid rats of all age groups as compared to their respective control rats. SOD1 activity remained unchanged in persistent (PTU-treatment from birth to 90days old) hypothyroid rats as compared to euthyroid. However, a decreased activity of SOD1 was recorded in transient (PTU-treatment from birth to 30days then withdrawal till 90days old) hypothyroid rats with respect to control rats. The mRNA level, protein expression and activity of SOD2 and CAT were significantly decreased in persistent hypothyroid rats as compared to euthyroid rats. The activity of GPx was significantly increased in both persistent and transient hypothyroid rats with respect to euthyroid rats. The present study indicates modulation of antioxidant defence status of rat kidney during postnatal development and maturation by hypothyroidism.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Blotting, Western; Catalase; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Hypothyroidism; Kidney; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Superoxide Dismutase

Excessive concentrations of free radicals in the developing brain may lead to neurons maldevelopment and neurons damage and death. Thyroid hormones (THs) states play an important role in affecting the modulation of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. Thus, the objective of this study was to clarify the effect of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in rat dams on the neurons development of different brain regions of their offspring at several postnatal weeks in relation to changes in the oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system. The adult female rats were administered methimazole (MMI) in drinking water (0.02% w/v) from gestation day 1 to lactation day 21 to induce hypothyroidism and exogenous thyroxine (T4) in drinking water (0.002% w/v) beside intragastric incubation of 50--200 T4 μg/kg body weight (b. wt.) to induce hyperthyroidism. In normal female rats, the sera total thyroxine (TT4) and total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels were detectably increased at day 10 post-partum than those at day 10 of pregnancy. Free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyrotropin (TSH) and growth hormone (GH) concentrations in normal offspring were elevated at first, second and third postnatal weeks in an age-dependent manner. In hypothyroid group, a marked depression was observed in sera of dam TT3 and TT4 as well as offspring FT3, FT4 and GH, while there was a significant increase in TSH level with the age progress. The reverse pattern to latter state was recorded in hyperthyroid group. Concomitantly, in control offspring, the rate of neuron development in both cerebellar and cerebral cortex was increased in its density and complexity with age progress. This development may depend, largely, on THs state. Both maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism caused severe growth retardation in neurons of these regions of their offspring from the first to third weeks. Additionally, in normal offspring, seven antioxidant enzymes, four non-enzymatic antioxidants and one oxidative stress marker (lipid peroxidation, LPO) followed a synchronized course of alterations in cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla oblongata. In both thyroid states, the oxidative damage has been demonstrated by the increased LPO and inhibition of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in most examined ages and brain regions. These disturbances in the antioxidant defense system led to deterioration in the neuronal maturation and development. In conclusion, it can be suggested that the

Topics: Age Factors; alpha-Tocopherol; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Aspirin; Brain; Catalase; Catechol Oxidase; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Combinations; Female; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Reductase; Glutathione Transferase; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Neurons; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidase; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Silver Staining; Superoxide Dismutase; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the decreased level of thyroid hormones on selected parameters of the oxidation/reduction balance by assessing the activity of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px); the level of antioxidant vitamins (A, C, and E); and the concentration of compounds reacting with thiobarbituric acid (TBARS).. Investigations involved 20 Belgian giant rabbits of both sexes. Hypothyroidism was induced by intragastric administration of thiamizole. Before this was done, blood was collected from the ear marginal vein (control group) and then the animals received thiamizole through an intragastric tube at a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w. for 21 days. Blood was collected again (the experimental group) and the following determinations were performed: - in blood serum, the thyroid hormones T3, T4 and TSH; - vitamin A, C and E blood serum concentrations; - in erythrocytes, the concentration of compounds reacting with TBARS, SOD and GSH-Px.. A 21-day exposure of rabbits to thiamazole (2 mg/kg b.w./24 h) resulted in a statistically significant decrease of TBARS, a decrease of SOD and GPH-Px activity and in a statistically insignificant decrease in the level of vitamins A, C and E.. Hypothyroidism decreases the level of erythrocytes oxidation/reduction balance by diminishing oxidative lipids damage and by decreasing the activity of antioxidative enzymes, but not by changes in the level of antioxidant vitamins.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase; Hypothyroidism; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Rabbits; Superoxide Dismutase; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

The time-dependent effects of mild hypothyroidism on endothelial function were assessed in rat mesenteric arteries. Male Wistar rats were treated with methimazole (MMI; 0.003%) or placebo up to 16 wk. Endothelial function of mesenteric small arteries was assessed by pressurized myograph. MMI-treated animals displayed a decrease in serum thyroid hormones, an increment of plasma TSH and inflammatory cytokines, and a blunted vascular relaxation to acetylcholine, as compared with controls. Endothelial dysfunction resulted from a reduced nitric oxide (NO) availability caused by oxidative excess. Vascular-inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression was up-regulated. S-methylisothiourea (an iNOS inhibitor) normalized endothelium-dependent relaxations and restored NO availability in arteries from 8-wk MMI-animals and partly ameliorated these alterations in 16-wk MMI rats. Similar results were obtained when MMI-induced hypothyroidism was prevented by T(4) replacement. Among controls, an impaired NO availability, secondary to oxidative excess, occurred at 16 wk, and it was less pronounced than in age-matched MMI animals. Both endothelial dysfunction and oxidant excess secondary to aging were prevented by apocynin (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase inhibitor). Mesenteric superoxide production was reduced by S-methylisothiourea and T(4) replacement in MMI animals and abolished by apocynin in controls (dihydroethidium staining). MMI-induced mild hypothyroidism is associated with endothelial dysfunction caused by a reduced NO availability, secondary to oxidative excess. It is suggested that in this animal model, characterized by TSH elevation and low-grade inflammation, an increased expression and function of iNOS, resulting in superoxide generation, accounts for an impaired NO availability.

Topics: Allopurinol; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hypothyroidism; Male; Mesenteric Arteries; Methimazole; NADPH Oxidases; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxides; Thyroxine; Vasodilation

The role of thyroid hormones in the regulation of adrenal function during stress has been documented in mammals, but only limited reports are available in avian species. The present study was undertaken to analyze the effect of hyper- or hypothyroidism on the adrenal activity under control (hydrated) and osmotically stressed (water deprived, WD) conditions, with special emphasis on the expression of arginine vasotocin receptor VT2 (VT2R) in pituitary corticotrophs. Chickens were made hyper- or hypothyroidic by injecting thyroxine (T4) and 2-thiouracil (TU), respectively for 14 days. After 10 days of injections, one sub-group of both, T4- or TU-treated chickens were subjected to osmotic stress by water deprivation. Hyperthyroidism stimulated adrenal steroidogenic activity compared to euthyroid control birds, but no change was observed in the expression of VT2R. On the other hand, TU-induced hypothyroidism however showed no effect on adrenal gland, but a significant increase in the expression of VT2R was observed. Neither hyper- nor hypothyroidism altered pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA levels. Following osmotic stress, no effect was observed either on the adrenal gland or on the VT2R expression in hyperthyroidic birds, but in hypothyroidic birds, osmotic stress stimulated adrenal steroidogenic activity and decreased VT2R expression in comparison to its respective controls (T4 or TU). Expression of POMC mRNA was again unaltered following osmotic stress. Although exact mechanism is not clear, the data indicate that high plasma T4 level stimulates adrenal activity and may also modulate function of the pituitary-adrenal axis during dehydration.

Topics: 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Adrenal Glands; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Chickens; Cholesterol; Dehydration; Gene Expression Regulation; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothyroidism; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Hybridization; Male; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Pro-Opiomelanocortin; Receptors, Vasopressin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Hitherto unknown efficacy of the peel extracts of Mangifera indica (MI), Cucumis melo (CM) and Citrullus vulgaris (CV) fruits in ameliorating the diet-induced alterations in dyslipidemia, thyroid dysfunction and diabetes mellitus have been investigated in rats. In one study, out of 4 different doses (50-300 mg/kg), 200 mg/kg of MI and 100 mg/kg for other two peel extracts could inhibit lipidperoxidation (LPO) maximally in liver. In the second experiment rats were maintained on pre-standardized atherogenic diet CCT (supplemented with 4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid and 0.5% 2-thiouracil) to induce dyslipidemia, hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus and the effects of the test peel extracts (200 mg/kg of MI and 100 mg/kg for CM and CV for 10 consecutive days) were studied by examining the changes in tissue LPO (in heart, liver and kidney), concentrations of serum lipids, thyroid hormones, insulin and glucose. Rats, treated simultaneously with either of the peel extracts reversed the CCT-diet induced increase in the levels of tissue LPO, serum lipids, glucose, creatinine kinase-MB and decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones and insulin indicating their potential to ameliorate the diet induced alterations in serum lipids, thyroid dysfunctions and hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus. A phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of a high amount of polyphenols and ascorbic acid in the test peel extracts suggesting that the beneficial effects could be the result of the rich content of polyphenols and ascorbic acid in the studied peels.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Atherosclerosis; Blood Glucose; Citrullus; Creatine Kinase, MB Form; Cucumis melo; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet, Atherogenic; Dyslipidemias; Flavonoids; Fruit; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Hypothyroidism; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipids; Mangifera; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine

The study was to investigate the protective effect of antioxidants against methimazole (MMI) induced hypothyroidism in rats. Male Wistar rats were fed MMI, MMI plus vitamin C, MMI plus vitamin E and MMI plus turmeric extract (TE) supplemented diet. At the end of the experiments, thyroid weights, thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and cholesterol levels were determined. It was observed that MMI treated rats showed increase in thyroid weights, very low levels of circulating T4, T3 and increased levels of total cholesterol as compared to controls (P< 0.001). However, rats which received Vit. C, Vit. E or TE along with MMI showed reduced weights (38-55% less) in thyroid glands (P < 0.01), less suppressed T4 and T3 levels (2-6% and 7-35% respectively) and less increase in total cholesterol levels (19-52%) which are statistically significant. The data suggest the positive effect of antioxidants on thyroid gland which could be due to direct involvement of antioxidants on thyroid gland.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Antithyroid Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Cholesterol; Condiments; Curcuma; Dietary Supplements; Hypothyroidism; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Methimazole; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Vitamin E

Erythrocyte, plasma, and serum antioxidant activities were studied in patients with newly diagnosed and untreated toxic multinodular hyperthyroid goiter and compared to healthy control subjects. Erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione, malondialdehyde, and ceruloplasmin levels were significantly increased, whereas serum vitamin E, plasma vitamin C, and selenium levels were decreased in hyperthyroid patients compared to control subjects. The findings show that untreated toxic multinodular goiter causes profound alterations in components of the antioxidant system in erythrocytes indicative of increased oxidative stress. Taken together, these data suggest that hyperthyroid patients may benefit from dietary supplements of antioxidants.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Ceruloplasmin; Erythrocytes; Female; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Goiter, Nodular; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Oxidative Stress; Radioimmunoassay; Selenium; Thyrotropin; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Vitamin E

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Kinetics; Mitochondria, Heart; NAD(P)H Dehydrogenase (Quinone); Oxygen Consumption; Perchlorates; Phospholipids; Rats; Reference Values; Sodium Compounds; Succinates; Triiodothyronine

1. Four experiments were conducted to determine if dietary ascorbic acid (AA) affects body weight gain, food intake, organ weights, plasma cholesterol concentration, and ascorbic acid concentration in the plasma and liver of growing male broilers treated with an antithyroidal agent, propylthiouracil (PTU). 2. In the first experiment, 15 mg AA was administered daily into the crop of chicks fed on a diet supplemented with or without PTU (500 mg/kg). Administration of AA reduced plasma cholesterol concentrations in the PTU-treated chicks. 3. In the other three experiments, chicks were given the basal diet or an AA-containing (3 g/kg) diet supplemented with or without PTU (250 mg or 500 mg/kg). Feeding AA partly prevented the decreases in body weight gain, gain:food ratio and weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus in chicks fed on the 250 mg/kg PTU diet, and also prevented the increase in plasma cholesterol concentrations in chicks fed on the PTU diet. 4. These results suggest that AA improves the performance of chicks with experimentally induced hypothyroidism.

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Bursa of Fabricius; Chickens; Cholesterol; Eating; Hypothyroidism; Liver; Male; Organ Size; Poultry Diseases; Propylthiouracil; Spleen; Thyroid Gland; Weight Gain

The capacity to respond to inflammatory stimuli was tested in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid rats when thyroid defects, induced by hormone administration or thyroparathyroidectomy, respectively, were fully established. Whereas hyperthyroid rats presented consistently depressed inflammatory responses, hypothyroid rats responded in a normal fashion. Decreased reactions to intracutaneously injected histamine and serotonin, inhibited swelling reaction to carrageenin, injected into one of the hind paws, and depressed primary and secondary reactions to adjuvant (heat-killed M. tuberculosis), only occurred in the hyperthyroid group. In addition, only in this group of animals enlargement of the adrenal glands, reduced content of adrenal ascorbic acid, and decreased number of circulating eosinophils, which characterize a circumstance of adrenal cortical hyperactivity, were observed. A spontaneous reversal of the acute inflammatory response of hyperthyroid animals to carrageenin occurred 3-4 days after interruption of hormone administration, and this was coincidental with the return to normal of the previously enlarged adrenal glands. Similarly, specific inhibition of adrenal cortical steroid biosynthesis in hyperthyroid rats with aminoglutethimide, restored the previously depressed response to carrageenin, without interference with the increased levels of seric thyroxin, thus suggesting that the inhibitory effects of thyroid hormones on inflammatory responses are likely to be indirect. It is concluded that an excess of circulating thyroid hormones, but not their deficiency, can impair the development of inflammatory reactions, and that this effect, at least partially, depends on an increased secretion of adrenal corticosteroids.

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adrenal Glands; Aminoglutethimide; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Histamine; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Inflammation; Male; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Serotonin

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cholesterol; Female; Hypothalamus; Hypothyroidism; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats; Thyroidectomy

Topics: Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypothyroidism; Iodine Radioisotopes; Rats; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carboxy-Lyases; Esterases; Glucuronates; Hypothyroidism; Ketones; Kidney; Lactones; Liver; Male; Methylthiouracil; Rats; Sugar Acids

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Proteins; Histocytochemistry; Hypothyroidism; Kidney; Leucyl Aminopeptidase; Male; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Thiourea

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypothyroidism; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Radiometry; Rats; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Glucose; Cholesterol; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diencephalon; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Influenza, Human; Magnesium Sulfate; Movement Disorders; Penicillins; Streptomycin; Thiamine

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cerebral Cortex; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypothyroidism; Liver; Muscles; Myocardium; Rats

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Electron Transport Complex IV; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothermia; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypothyroidism; Iodine Isotopes; Oxidoreductases; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Rats; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Cholesterol; Coronary Disease; Electrocardiography; Female; Gluconates; Humans; Hypothyroidism; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Pantothenic Acid; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Glucuronates; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Isotopes; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Methanol; Models, Biological; Propylthiouracil; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Thyroid Gland; Thyroxine; Uracil Nucleotides

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Dermatologic Agents; Hypothyroidism; Male; Methylthiouracil; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Rats; Tannins

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Female; Goiter; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Thyroid Function Tests; Tyrosine

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Bile Acids and Salts; Carbon Isotopes; Collagen; Guinea Pigs; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Metabolism; Pharmacology; Proline; Research; Ribosomes; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Salts; Thyroxine

Topics: Adrenalectomy; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Castration; Histocytochemistry; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Hypothalamus; Hypothyroidism; Methylthiouracil; Rats; Temporal Lobe

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Collagen; Guinea Pigs; Hydroxyproline; Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism; Metabolism; Pharmacology; Research; Ribosomes; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Scurvy; Thyroxine; Wound Healing