ascorbic-acid and Granuloma

We have investigated the role of neutrophil oxidants in the surface changes that result in recognition and uptake of neutrophils by macrophages. We have shown that H2O2 produced by stimulated neutrophils is essential for the surface expression of phosphatidylserine. This does not occur in neutrophils from mice with chronic granulomatous disease and may explain the formation of granuloma in this condition. We have also investigated the role of intracellular vitamin C on neutrophil apoptosis. Cells from vitamin C-deficient mice were found to be less likely to undergo both spontaneous and oxidant-induced apoptosis, with eventual necrosis being the most probable outcome.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Ascorbic Acid; Granuloma; Hydrogen Peroxide; Macrophages; Mice; Monocytes; Neutrophils; Oxidants; Phosphatidylserines; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Chick Embryo; Collagen; Glycine; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Hydroxyproline; Iron; Ketoglutaric Acids; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase; Proline; Rats; Scurvy; Skin

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbon Isotopes; Cells, Cultured; Collagen; Culture Techniques; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Hydroxylation; Hydroxylysine; Hydroxyproline; Keto Acids; Lysine; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Oxidation-Reduction; Procollagen-Proline Dioxygenase; Proline; Protein Precursors; Scurvy; Tritium; Urine

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Carbon Isotopes; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chondroitin; Collagen; Glycosaminoglycans; Granuloma; Hexosamines; Histocytochemistry; Hyaluronic Acid; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Proteins; Research; Sulfur Isotopes

Leea macrophylla (Leeaceae) is a wild edible plant with ethomedicinal importance as anti-inflammatory agent. However, no systematic studies on its anti-inflammatory activity and mechanisms have been reported. Present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity of methanol extract of L. macrophylla leaves. Phytochemical investigation revealed presence of sterols, triterpenoids and ascorbic acid in extract. Methanol extract inhibited lipopolysaccharide stimulated production of inflammatory mediators viz. prostaglandin E2, tumor necrotic factor-α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β in vitro in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Additionally, the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of this extract was evaluated by using carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma assays in experimental rats. Oral administration of extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) exhibited dose dependant inhibition of carrageenan induced inflammation (p<0.05) and the reduction of the granuloma tissue formation (p<0.05-0.01). The extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, orally) exhibited significant central and peripheral analgesic activity in hot-plate test (p<0.01) and acetic acid induced writhing test (p<0.05-0.01) respectively in experimental mice. Treatment with extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, orally) significantly reduced the yeast provoked elevated body temperature (p<0.05-0.01) in experimental rats. These results confirmed the traditional anti-inflammatory indication of L. macrophylla leaves.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Dietary Supplements; Edema; Ethnopharmacology; Granuloma; India; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Medicine, Traditional; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Phytosterols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Toxicity Tests, Subacute; Triterpenes; Vitaceae

A detailed investigation on the anti-inflammatory activity of the butanol fraction of a methanol extract (BMEL) of the defatted leaves of Paederia foetida was undertaken to find the pharmacological basis for the ethnomedical use of the plant. This fraction produced a significant inhibition of granulation tissue formation in cotton-pellet implanted rats. It decreased liver aspartate transaminase activity without affecting serum aspartate transaminase activity. It did not, however, affect adrenal weight and ascorbic acid content significantly, thus ruling out a stimulation of the adrenal-pituitary axis. BMEL antagonised hyposaline-induced haemolysis of human red blood cells and an elevation of rat serum acid phosphatase activity, indicating the presence of a membrane stabilising activity. It also inhibited the elevation of serum orosomucoid levels in rats, suggesting the possibility of the presence of disease-modifying antirheumatic activity. The results indicate that there is some rationale behind the ethnomedical use of the plant for treating inflammatory disorders.

Topics: 1-Butanol; Acid Phosphatase; Adrenal Glands; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Proteins; Butanols; Chemical Fractionation; Disease Models, Animal; Erythrocyte Membrane; Female; Granuloma; Hemolysis; Humans; Liver; Male; Medicine, Traditional; Methanol; Organ Size; Orosomucoid; Plant Extracts; Rats; Spleen

The concentration of endogenous antioxidants has been studied in rats with a carrageenan-induced granuloma. This animal model of inflammation allowed us to study the antioxidant defenses and the oxidative stress in plasma and in the site of inflammation (exudate) and their modulation by the levels of iron in the organism after iron-dextran or desferrioxamine administration. In inflamed rats without supplementary treatment, an interrelation between urate, ascorbate and vitamin E levels has been observed and it appears to be an important mechanism to prevent the depletion of the antioxidants. Further, the sulphydryl groups, caeruloplasmin and retinol also contribute to the defense in this experimental model. Iron overload increases the production of malondialdehyde and decreases some antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and SH groups but, on the other hand, it raises the levels of urate and caeruloplasmin. However, the protective effect of desferrioxamine has not been observed, and in our conditions this may be due to the induced mobilization of iron. Our results show that antioxidants have an important role in the prevention of lipid peroxidation by free radicals produced during inflammatory processes. This protective effect depends on the stage of inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Carrageenan; Deferoxamine; Disease Models, Animal; Granuloma; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Uric Acid; Vitamin A

Vicolides A,B, C and D, the sesquiterpene lactones isolated from V. indica exhibited antiinflammatory activity against cotton pellet granuloma in rats at dose level of 10 mg/kg body weight, sc. Highly significant activity was observed with vicolides C and D. They reduced the protein content, acid and alkaline phosphatase, glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase activities in liver and serum. Significant reduction in ascorbic acid content in adrenals was also observed in treated animals. The highly significant antiinflammatory activity of vicolides C and D can be attributed to their chemical structures. Vicolide D has an epoxy angeloyl group while vicolide C has 3,4 epoxy group and an ester moiety in the molecule. Vicolide D possesses antipyretic activity at 250 mg/kg body weight, po dose. It may be due to the presence of epoxy angeloyl group in the molecule.

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Ascorbic Acid; Enzymes; Granuloma; Lactones; Liver; Liver Diseases; Organ Size; Rats; Sesquiterpenes; Spleen; Thymus Gland

Lipid peroxidation activity was determined in liver microsomes, hepatocytes and cultured granuloma cells by measuring ethane and pentane production with an improved capillary gas chromatographic method. Lipid peroxidation initiated by ferrous ions and NADPH produced significantly more hydrocarbons at 4% O2 than under atmospheric (21% O2), hyperoxic or hypoxic conditions. In liver microsomes ferrous ions and ascorbic acid stimulated the non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation and concomitantly the epoxidation of aldrin. The results demonstrate that epoxidation of aldrin can be triggered by the iron initiated lipid peroxidation.

Topics: Aldrin; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Chromatography, Gas; Dieldrin; Epoxy Compounds; Ethane; Ferrous Compounds; Granuloma; Lipid Peroxides; Liver; Male; Microsomes, Liver; NADP; Pentanes; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Changes in hepatic oxidative events have been studied during extrahepatic granulomatous inflammation in the rat, together with the local anti-inflammatory effects of scavengers of reactive oxygen species. During remote localized inflammation in the rat, we observed increased hepatic lipid peroxidation and reduced hepatic levels of protecting substances such as ascorbic acid, catalase and reduced glutathione, the specific substrate for the peroxide-metabolizing enzyme, glutathione peroxidase. The levels of superoxide dismutase did not alter significantly during the period of investigation (7 days). The half-life of aminopyrine was longer in rats with a stronger inflammatory response. In addition, catalase and the anti-oxidants, alpha-tocopherol and propyl gallate, inhibited granuloma development on local injection during the acute phase inflammation. Superoxide dismutase alone was devoid of anti-inflammatory effects, but markedly enhanced the effect of catalase. Scavengers of hydroxyl radicals and of singlet oxygen failed to display anti-inflammatory activity. The results indicate that peroxides may act as mediators of inflammation and that increased lipid peroxidation is not limited to the site of inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Catalase; Free Radicals; Glutathione; Granuloma; Inflammation; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Propyl Gallate; Rats; Superoxide Dismutase; Vitamin E

The effects of scrotal heating, prior to vasectomy, on the incidence of sperm granulomas, and the concomitant changes in the testicular steroidogenic activity were investigated. Twenty-three adult male rats (76 days of age) were divided at random into experimental and controls. The experimental rats were subjected to scrotal heating (dry heat) to a temperature of 50 degrees C for one minute, two weeks prior to vasectomy. The control rats were vasectomized without undergoing any heat treatment. Local application of heat to the scrotal sac reduced the incidence of sperm granuloma formation by 82%. The experimental rats had smaller testes and higher testicular corticosterone levels, at the end of the 90-day post-operative period, as compared to the corresponding controls. The testicular ascorbic acid utilization was not affected due to heat treatment. It appears that the application of scrotal heat prior to vasectomy selectively causes a total or partial degeneration of the seminiferous tubules. Heat application may cause an early disruption of the feedback link between the seminiferous tubules and the Leydig cells, leading to the production of corticosterone by the testicular interstitium.

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Corticosterone; Granuloma; Hot Temperature; Male; Organ Size; Preoperative Care; Rats; Scrotum; Spermatozoa; Testis; Vasectomy

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carrageenan; Chick Embryo; Chromatography, Paper; Collagen; Granulation Tissue; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Hydroxyproline; Liver; Lung; Muscles; Proline; Proteins; Scurvy; Skin; Ultrafiltration

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Aminopyrine; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Arthritis; Ascorbic Acid; Aspirin; Benzoates; Capillary Permeability; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Edema; Erythema; Flufenamic Acid; Gastric Mucosa; Granuloma; Mefenamic Acid; Phenylbutazone; Phenylenediamines; Prednisolone; Rats; Thymus Gland

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbon Isotopes; Collagen; Dust; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Hydroxyproline; Liver; Lung; Muscles; Organ Size; Proline; Silicon Dioxide; Silicosis

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Granuloma; Rats

Topics: 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids; Abscess; Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antipyretics; Ascorbic Acid; Cholesterol; Dextrans; Edema; Formaldehyde; Granuloma; Histamine; Inflammation; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Phenylbutazone; Physiology; Rats; Serotonin; Sulfinpyrazone

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Ascorbic Acid; Collagen; Granuloma; Proteins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Carrageenan; Collagen; DNA; Granulation Tissue; Granuloma; Humans

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Collagen Diseases; DNA; Eukaryota; Granulation Tissue; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Inflammation; Rats; Research; Silicosis; Toxicology

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Carrageenan; Collagen; DNA; Eukaryota; Granulation Tissue; Granuloma; Guinea Pigs; Hydroxyproline; Polysaccharides; Research; Scurvy

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Collagen; Glycosaminoglycans; Granuloma; Rats; Sulfur

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Carrageenan; Collagen; Encephalomyelitis; Granuloma; Hydroxyproline; Neoplasms; Proline; Vitamins