ascorbic-acid and Gingivitis

To study the effect of guava and synthetic vitamin C on the development of gingival inflammation during experimental gingivitis.. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups supplemented daily with either 200 g guava, 200 mg synthetic vitamin C or water. The study included a 14 days pre-experimental period with oral hygiene instructions, scaling, prophylaxis and supplementation. Thereafter, experiment gingivitis was initiated, while continuing supplementation. At baseline, Day 7 and Day 14 of experimental gingivitis, Plaque Index (PlI) and Gingival Index (GI) were assessed. During the entire study, dietary fruit/vegetables intake was minimal.. PlI increased in guava, vitamin C and control group (ΔPlI: 1.30, 1.61 and 1.79, respectively). However, the guava group developed significantly less plaque compared to the control group. The GI increase in both guava and vitamin C group was significantly less than the increase in the control group (ΔGI: 0.10, 0.24 and 0.87, respectively).. In a population of young nonsmoking adults, consumption of either 200 g guava/day or 200 mg synthetic vitamin C/day, prior to and during the oral hygiene abstention period, has a preventive effect on the development of experimental gingivitis as compared to the control group that developed the usual amount of experimental gingivitis.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Plaque Index; Dietary Supplements; Gingivitis; Humans; Psidium

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effects of four weeks of an oral health optimized diet on periodontal clinical parameters in a randomized controlled trial.. The experimental group (n = 10) had to change to a diet low in carbohydrates, rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, and rich in vitamins C and D, antioxidants and fiber for four weeks. Participants of the control group (n = 5) did not change their dietary behavior. Plaque index, gingival bleeding, probing depths, and bleeding upon probing were assessed by a dentist with a pressure-sensitive periodontal probe. Measurements were performed after one and two weeks without a dietary change (baseline), followed by a two week transitional period, and finally performed weekly for four weeks.. Despite constant plaque values in both groups, all inflammatory parameters decreased in the experimental group to approximately half that of the baseline values (GI: 1.10 ± 0.51 to 0.54 ± 0.30; BOP: 53.57 to 24.17 %; PISA: 638 mm(2) to 284 mm(2)). This reduction was significantly different compared to that of the control group.. A diet low in carbohydrates, rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, rich in vitamins C and D, and rich in fibers can significantly reduce gingival and periodontal inflammation.. German Clinical Trials Register; https://www.germanctr.de (DRKS00006301). Registered on 2015-02-21.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; Gingivitis; Humans; Inflammation; Oral Health; Periodontal Index; Pilot Projects; Vitamin D

Reactive oxygen species might be associated with the onset and progression of gingival inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a dentifrice containing L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate magnesium salt (APM), a long-acting ascorbic acid derivative with antioxidant properties, on gingival inflammation.. The clinical effects of APM were investigated in a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial comprising 300 individuals with gingivitis. Half of the participants were given an APM-containing dentifrice and half were given a control dentifrice. The primary outcome was the gingival index (GI) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes included gingival redness as an indicator of the degree of local gingival inflammation, gingival bleeding as a measure of the gingivitis severity index, and total antioxidant activity of the saliva.. Under the intent-to-treat analysis, GI did not significantly differ between the groups (P = 0.12). However, under the per-protocol analysis, GI was significantly lower in the APM group (P = 0.01) than in the control group. In the APM group, gingival redness was significantly lower, and the difference from the baseline gingivitis severity index was significantly greater (P = 0.04 and P = 0.02, respectively). The total antioxidant activity of the saliva was significantly higher in the APM group (P = 0.03). The incidence of adverse events did not significantly differ between the groups (P > 0.15).. These findings indicate that the regular application of an APM-containing dentifrice could reduce gingival inflammation.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dentifrices; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Intention to Treat Analysis; Male; Middle Aged; Oxidation-Reduction; Periodontal Index; Safety; Saliva; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

To investigate the efficacy of various formulations of chlorhexidine 0.2% (CHX) in terms of plaque and gingival bleeding control compared to each other and to saline rinse (CTRL) over a 35-day rinsing period.. Seventy subjects were randomly allocated to one of 4 groups rinsing twice daily for 35 days. The different groups used CHX 0.2% rinse with alcohol (CHX1) and without alcohol (CHX2), with an antidiscolouration system (CHX3) or saline rinse (CTRL). Clinical examinations to evaluate full-mouth plaque scores (FMPS) and periodontal parameters were performed at baseline, 7, 21 and 35 days. Tooth discolouration (TD) was measured at each time point using digital photographs and spectrophotometric analysis.. At 35 days, CTRL showed the highest levels of plaque. The mean changes in FMPS from baseline were 69.8% ± 6.8 for CHX1, 57.5% ± 9.8 for CHX2, 43.7% ± 9.8 for CHX3 and 25.8% ± 7.7 for CTRL. Statistically significant differences were demonstrated between CHX1 and CHX3 (p = 0.02), CHX2 vs CHX3 (p ≤ 0.05) and CHX1/CHX2 vs CHX3 (p < 0.05). In contrast, CHX3 appeared more effective in reducing inflammatory indexes. TD increased over time in 60% to 70% of participants, although lighter staining was found in the CHX3 group. Greater FMPS reduction was observed in participants with staining vs without staining (26.0% ± 12.3, p = 0.04).. Conventional CHX appeared more effective in terms of plaque reduction. Interestingly, the newest formulation showed a higher control of gingival inflammation. Staining was associated with lower plaque levels.

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Ascorbic Acid; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chlorhexidine; Coffee; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Index; Photography, Dental; Placebos; Spectrophotometry; Sulfites; Tea; Tooth Discoloration; Treatment Outcome; Wine; Young Adult

Deficient ascorbic acid levels (AALs) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with periodontal disease. This study evaluated the relationship between plasma AAL and periodontitis in systemically healthy and T2DM subjects, which to the best of our knowledge is being reported for the first time.. One hundred twenty subjects were categorized into four groups of 30 each as group 1: without periodontal disease; group 2: chronic gingivitis; group 3: chronic periodontitis, and group 4: chronic periodontitis and freshly diagnosed T2DM. Plaque index (PlI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), and probing pocket depths (PPDs) were evaluated. Venous blood was evaluated for plasma AAL spectrophotometrically. Randomized subjects were subgrouped within groups 2-4, to receive either scaling and root planing (SRP) with dietary supplementation (450 mg) of ascorbic acid (AA) for two weeks or only SRP. After two weeks, the clinical parameters were reassessed. Tukey's multiple post hoc procedures and paired t test were used with the level of statistical significance adjusted to p ≤ .05.. AAL plasma levels were significantly greater in group 1 than in group 2 (p = .0007) and in group 4 (p = .0003). A significant reduction in the SBI was seen in the subgroups that received dietary supplementation of vitamin C within group 2 (p = .0012) and group 4 (p = .036).. Plasma AAL is below the normal range in systemically healthy subjects with gingivitis and diabetics with periodontitis. Dietary AA supplementation with SRP improves the SBI in subjects with gingivitis and diabetics with periodontitis.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Gingival Pocket; Gingivitis; Humans; India; Middle Aged; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Root Planing

The aims of this study were to evaluate (i): whether vitamin C in chewing gum, alone or in combination with carbamide, influences calculus formation, and (ii) whether carbamide affects the release, stability and uptake of vitamin C in a chewing gum. In two test series (Series I and II), 30 subjects, all calculus formers, participated. They were instructed to chew on five (Series I) or 10 (Series II) pieces of gum per day for a period of 3 months. The chewing gums were: vitamin C (60 mg, Series I), non-vitamin C (Series I) and vitamin C + carbamide (30 mg + 30 mg, Series II). In both series, no gum was used as a negative control. Calculus formation was scored on three lingual sites on the six anterior mandibular teeth according to the Volpe-Manhold index. The effect on plaque and gingivitis was also determined. A significant reduction in the total calculus score was observed after the use of vitamin C (33%) and vitamin C + carbamide (12%) gums compared with no gum use; this reduction was most pronounced in the heavy calculus formers. A reduced amount of visible plaque was also observed after use of vitamin C and non-vitamin C gum, but only the vitamin C gum reduced the number of bleeding sites (37%). In a separate study, the release, stability and uptake of vitamin C were evaluated using the iodine titration method in both saliva and urine after exposure to the following gums: vitamin C + carbamide (30 mg + 30 mg) and vitamin C (30 mg). There was no indication that carbamide affected the release, stability or uptake of vitamin C when used in a chewing gum.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Chewing Gum; Cross-Over Studies; Cuspid; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Diffusion; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Incisor; Iodine; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged; Saliva; Urea

The clinical and microbiological effects of zinc ascorbate gel applied orally in cats were evaluated during a 42-day study period. Cats were divided randomly into two equal groups, with the treatment group (18 cats) receiving zinc ascorbate gel and the control group (18 cats) receiving a placebo (0.9% sterile saline). Clinical parameters evaluated biweekly included halitosis, plaque, calculus, and gingivitis. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures were obtained from cats in the treatment group at Days 0 and 42. There was a significant decrease in plaque, gingivitis, and anaerobic periodontal pathogens in treatment group cats. Halitosis and calculus scores were not significantly different in treatment group compared with control group cats. The results of this study suggest that zinc ascorbate gel used as an oral antiseptic improves feline oral health, and may be most effective in decreasing bacterial growth, plaque formation, and gingivitis when applied following a professional teeth cleaning procedure.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Ascorbic Acid; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Female; Gels; Gingivitis; Halitosis; Male; Oral Hygiene; Toothpastes; Treatment Outcome; Zinc Compounds

A double-blind study was undertaken to determine the effects of megadose ascorbic acid supplementation on plasma ascorbate levels, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) chemotaxis and clinical and biochemical determinations of inflammatory progression in individuals with a mean daily ascorbate intake level of approximately twice the recommended daily allowances. Results indicate that although the group receiving ascorbate supplementation demonstrated a significant increase in plasma levels of the vitamin as compared to a placebo group, no significant differences with respect to PMN chemotaxis or responses to experimental gingivitis were found between the groups.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Neutrophils; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Time Factors

The effect of ascorbic acid megadoses on gingival clinical parameters and vitamin content of blood and gingival tissue was studied. 10 nondeficient individuals, carefully matched according to age, periodontal status, and oral hygiene level, were divided into 2 groups: one received 250 mg q.i.d. of ascorbic acid and the other a placebo. After 1 week on the tablet all patients were scaled and root planed and received oral hygiene instructions. Blood samples and clinical parameters were obtained at baseline and 2, 6, and 7 weeks after. A gingival biopsy was taken at week 6. Correlations between the clinical parameters and the ascorbic acid levels at the different time periods revealed no significant differences between the vitamin and the placebo groups, therefore suggesting that the use of megadoses of vitamin C in normal human subjects does not have a predictable or strong effect on the gingival response to initial therapy.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Scaling; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Periodontal Index; Pilot Projects; Time Factors; Tooth Root; Wound Healing

204 children between the ages of 1.5 and 6.5 years living in a West African village where the incidence of gingivitis and bleeding gums is about 40% of the population at the end of the rainy season, were given vitamin C or a placebo for 69 days, followed by a multivitamin supplement or placebo for 47 days. The condition of their gums was continuously monitored by trained field workers and by a paediatrician during the supplementation period, and was also assessed in greater detail by the paediatrician at the beginning and end of each treatment period. No benefit of either type of supplement could be detected, either on incidence of bleeding, or on over-all severity of gingivitis, although there was a clear-cut seasonal trend towards lower incidence of bleeding in both groups as the study progressed.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gambia; Gingival Diseases; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Infant; Male; Seasons; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Ascorbic Acid; Carbonates; Clinical Trials as Topic; Copper; Dental Plaque; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Mouthwashes; Periodontal Index; Sodium; Sulfates

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Denture, Partial, Removable; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Pyridoxine; Tooth Extraction

A female patient presented with exertional dyspnea, myalgia, a petechial rash of the lower extremities and pronounced gingivitis. The biochemical test results showed the presence of anemia. The patient had a known eating disorder and on questioning about eating habits admitted that she did not eat any fruit or vegetables. This led to the suspicion of a vitamin C deficiency, which was confirmed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The patient was subsequently treated with 1000 mg ascorbic acid daily for 1 month whereby the clinical symptoms and anemia improved within a few weeks.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Dyspnea; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Lower Extremity; Middle Aged; Myalgia; Purpura

Plaque-induced gingivitis, a common condition in children, responds well to proper oral hygiene practices. Persistent severe gingivitis, on the other hand, should prompt investigation of etiological factors. Nutritional elements are implicated in periodontal health. This case report describes a pediatric patient with severe persistent gingivitis caused by vitamin C deficiency. The events that led to a diagnosis of scurvy and a resolution of the systemic and localized manifestations of the disease, after vitamin C administration, are presented. It is recommended that vitamin C deficiency be considered in cases of refractory gingivitis, especially in pediatric patients with special health care needs who have aversion to foods rich in ascorbic acid.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Child; Dental Plaque; Gingivitis; Humans; Scurvy

4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (HPA) and nitrite are present in human mixed whole saliva, and HPA can be nitrated by peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))/nitrite systems in the oral cavity. Thus, the objectives of the present study were to estimate the concentrations of HPA, nitrated HPA [4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetic acid (NO(2)HPA)], nitrite, and thiocyanate (SCN(-)) in saliva from 73 patients with periodontal diseases and to elucidate the conditions necessary to induce nitration of HPA. High concentrations of HPA, nitrite, and SCN(-) were found in the saliva of patients older than 50 yr of age. NO(2)HPA was detected in seven patients who were older than 60 yr of age. Nitrite-dependent formation of NO(2)HPA by a bacterial fraction prepared from mixed whole saliva was faster at pH 5.3 than at pH 7, and increased as the rate of H(2)O(2) formation increased. The formation of NO(2)HPA was inhibited by SCN(-) and by salivary antioxidants such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. These results suggest that nitration can proceed at an acidic site in the oral cavity where H(2)O(2) is produced under conditions of decreased concentrations of SCN(-) and of antioxidants.

Topics: Acids; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Bacteria; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Glucose; Glucose Oxidase; Glutathione; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth; Nitrites; Periodontal Diseases; Peroxidases; Phenylacetates; Saliva; Smoking; Thiocyanates; Uric Acid; Young Adult

Topics: Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Ascorbic Acid; Child, Preschool; Edema; Fentanyl; Gingivitis; Hemorrhage; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Laryngeal Masks; Leg; Male; Methyl Ethers; Propofol; Scurvy; Sevoflurane; Vitamins

Scurvy is a nearly-forgotten disease in developed countries where adequate nutrition is easily available. It still may occur, however, when, for a variety of reasons, people fail to eat a diet containing adequate vitamin C. We report the case of a 52-year-old patient with depression who developed scurvy.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Depression; Fluid Therapy; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Scurvy; Treatment Outcome; Vitamins

This study evaluated possible effects of smoking and gingival inflammation on salivary antioxidants in gingivitis patients.. Twenty otherwise healthy gingivitis patients (10 self-reported smokers) and 20 periodontally and systemically healthy volunteer subjects were enrolled in the study. Whole saliva samples and full-mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained at baseline and one month following initial phase of treatment in gingivitis patients. Salivary cotinine, glutathione and ascorbic acid concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity were determined, and the data generated were tested by non-parametric tests.. Salivary cotinine measurements resulted in re-classification of three self-reported non-smokers as smokers. Smoker patients revealed significantly higher probing depths but lower bleeding values than non-smoker patients (p=0.044 and 0.001, respectively). Significant reductions in clinical recordings were obtained in non-smoker (all p<0.05) and smoker (all p<0.01) patients following periodontal treatment. Salivary total glutathione concentrations were reduced following therapy in gingivitis patients who smoke (p<0.01). Otherwise, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in biochemical parameters at baseline or following treatment (p>0.05).. Within the limits of this study, neither smoking nor gingival inflammation compromised the antioxidant capacity of saliva in systemically healthy gingivitis patients.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Scaling; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingival Pocket; Gingivitis; Glutathione; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Hygiene; Oxidation-Reduction; Root Planing; Saliva; Smoking

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether gingivitis susceptibility is associated with periodontitis. We analyzed data of 462 men in the VA Dental Longitudinal Study aged 47 to 92 years who had never smoked or had quit smoking 5+ years previously. Multiple logistic regression models, with tooth-level bleeding on probing at sites with attachment loss

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Body Mass Index; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crowns; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Diabetes Complications; Disease Susceptibility; Educational Status; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Income; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Marital Status; Middle Aged; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontitis; Prospective Studies; Vitamins

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Gingivitis; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Polycythemia Vera; Scurvy

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Child; Diet; Female; Fruit; Gingivitis; Grief; Humans; Scurvy; Spain; Vegetables

The exact relationship between plaque-induced periodontal diseases and vitamin C deficiency is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on the severity of periodontal diseases. The periodontal condition of 75 dentulous subjects with a low level of AA in the plasma (< or = 25 mumol/l) was compared with that of 75 control subjects (plasma level > or = 50 mumol/l) matched for age, sex and number of teeth. The subjects were asked to list foods containing AA in their diet, and intake of AA in milligrams per day was calculated. The daily diet of the study subjects contained on average 52 mg +/- 24.9 (SD) of AA, and that of the controls 77 mg +/- 43.2 (SD). For each individual, site-specific recordings for the presence or absence of plaque and supra- and subgingival calculus, filling overhangs, gingival bleeding after probing, probing pocket depth, and gingival recession were made clinically in a double blind examination carried out by one dentist. Five per cent of the subjects in the study group (low plasma level of AA) and 18 per cent of the controls had healthy periodontal tissues. The proportion of sites in which bleeding after probing and a probing pocket depth of 4 mm or over were observed was significantly higher in the study group than in the controls. Sixty per cent of the subjects in the study group and 37 per cent of the controls had pathological pockets of 4 mm or over.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Case-Control Studies; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Diet; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gingival Hemorrhage; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket

The purpose of this study was to (1) compare crevicular fluid flow in smokers and nonsmokers with clinically healthy gingiva; (2) compare crevicular fluid flow of smokers in the areas physically exposed to smoke (maxillary lingual) to that in areas not physically exposed to smoke (maxillary buccal); and (3) compare crevicular fluid flow in smokers and nonsmokers before and after 1 month of (500 mg) twice daily vitamin C supplementation. All sampled areas were required to exhibit clinical health for all measurements (gingival, plaque, and bleeding indices at 0). Ten smoking (at least one pack a day) and ten nonsmoking male dental students were subjects of the study. Areas sampled were midbuccal and midlingual of teeth 3, 5, 12, and 14. Smokers were found to have significantly less crevicular fluid flow than did nonsmokers. Lingual areas of smokers showed no significant difference from buccal areas in crevicular fluid flow. One month of (500 mg) twice daily vitamin C supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in crevicular fluid flow in smokers and nonsmokers. The effect of tobacco smoke on clinically healthy gingiva may be a physiologic result of vasoconstriction rather than a physical irritation.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Plaque; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Smoking

The volume of fluid on filter paper strips was measured with a Periotron, eluted, and the ascorbic acid measured by chromatography. In preliminary experiments, pre-impregnation of the strips with citric acid increased the recovery of standard ascorbic acid from 37 to 89% and significantly reduced loss of water from the strips over a 3 min period. Samples of crevicular fluid were then collected from clinically healthy gingival sites of 21 healthy volunteers using pre-impregnated strips and assayed for ascorbic acid concentration, together with samples of blood plasma. The mean ascorbic acid concentration in gingival crevicular fluid (207.3 mumol/l; SD: +/- 81.8) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than the corresponding plasma concentration (mean 72 mumol/l; SD: +/- 23.3).

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Gingiva; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Nicotiana; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Vasoconstriction

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Ecchymosis; Gingivitis; Humans; Leg; Male; Scurvy; Thrombophlebitis

A 9-year-old girl had the insidious development of lethargy, gingival erosions, and follicular hyperkeratosis with perifollicular hemorrhage. A dietary history disclosed that she consumed only one kind of sandwich and beverage and took no other foods. A skin biopsy specimen was consistent with the diagnosis of scurvy, and marked improvement occurred with ascorbic acid therapy. Although it is an uncommon disorder in the United States, scurvy may occur in persons with prolonged and peculiar dietary habits.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Child; Feeding Behavior; Female; Folliculitis; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Hemorrhage; Humans; Keratosis; Leg; Scurvy

Periodontal disease is one of the most prevalent health problems in the world and is the major cause of tooth loss in the adult population. Its two major subdivisions are gingivitis where disease is confined to the gingiva, and periodontitis where disease is present both in the gingiva and the supporting periodontal tissues. During the first stage there is a vasculitis of vessels subjacent to the junctional epithelium which is followed by exudation of fluid from the gingival sulcus and migration of leukocytes. There is variable expression of this stage throughout the mouth with new areas of involvement appearing in place of healed areas. Mast cells which are present in the gingival connective tissues may participate in this inflammatory response by liberating histamine. Ascorbic acid deficiency has been shown to be a conditioning factor in the development of gingivitis. When humans are placed on ascorbic acid deficient diets there is increased edema, redness and swelling of the gingiva. These changes have been attributed to deficient collagen production by gingival blood vessels. However, this may be due to an antihistamine role of ascorbic acid. This vitamin may act to directly detoxify histamine or effect a change in the level of enzymes responsible for histamine metabolism. This could occur through the influence of ascorbic acid in altering cyclic AMP (c-AMP) levels. Such changes in the level of this regulatory molecule could result in increased histamine-N-methyl transferase and other enzymes responsible for the breakdown of histamine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Dental Plaque; Female; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Humans; Oral Hygiene; Pregnancy; Rats

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Child; Gingivitis; Humans; Wound Healing

Young adult nonhuman primates were initially fed an ascorbic-acid free diet and, subsequently, a diet with a suboptimal level of the vitamin. Following approximately 12 weeks of this dietary regime, five of seven experimental animals of the gingival sulcular epithelium to 3H-inulin, but not to 14C-butyric acid or 14C-urea, had increased significantly (+86%, P less than 0.01) in the experimental group as compared to ad libitum or pair-fed controls. This defect in the intercellular permeability barrier of the sulcular epithelium could have contributed to the pathogenesis of scorbutic gingivitis.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Permeability; Scurvy

A group of remote island Australian Aborigines was examined for dental caries, periodontal disease, pathologic disorders and orthodontic problems and the results were recorded. It would appear that race and heredity may influence periodontal disease.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Australia; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Health Surveys; DMF Index; Gingivitis; Humans; Malocclusion; Mouth; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Streptococcus; Tooth, Deciduous

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Infections; Common Cold; Gingivitis; Humans; Scurvy

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Black People; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Fatty Acids; Gingivitis; Health Surveys; Humans; Keratosis; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotinic Acids; Pellagra; Riboflavin Deficiency; Rural Population; Skin Diseases; South Africa; Urban Population; Vitamin A Deficiency

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Ascorbic Acid; Carbonates; Dental Plaque; Gingivitis

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Prophylaxis; Diagnosis, Oral; Gingivitis; Humans; Methods; Middle Aged; Time Factors; Tongue

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Prophylaxis; Diagnosis, Oral; Gingivitis; Humans; Methods; Middle Aged; Tongue

Topics: Age Factors; Ascorbic Acid; Fasting; Gingiva; Gingivitis; Humans; Oral Health; Time Factors; Tongue

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Depression; Diet Fads; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Gingivitis; Humans; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Protein Deficiency; Scurvy

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Flavonoids; Gingivitis; Humans; Periodontitis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Gingival Diseases; Gingivitis; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Mouth Mucosa; Periodontal Diseases

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy; Gingivitis; Humans; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Balanitis; Candidiasis, Oral; Carbonates; Female; Gastritis; Gingivitis; Herpes Simplex; Humans; Leukoplakia; Male; Mycoses; Osteomyelitis; Pressure Ulcer; Stomatitis; Tonsillitis; Vulvitis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Borrelia Infections; Dental Prophylaxis; Diet; Diet Therapy; Drug Therapy; Folic Acid; Fusobacterium; Gingivitis; Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Necrosis; Pathology; Penicillins; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Sulfadiazine; Sulfamerazine; Sulfamethazine; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Disabled Children; Folic Acid; Gingivitis; Humans; Infant; Intellectual Disability; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Bacteriology; Dehydroascorbic Acid; Dentistry; Gingivitis; Humans; Mouth; Oxidation-Reduction; Saliva; Stomatitis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chronic Disease; Gingivitis; Humans

Topics: Ambulatory Care Facilities; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Leadership; Pregnancy; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Flavonoids; Gingivitis; Humans; Nutrition Therapy; Vitamins

Topics: Antifibrinolytic Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Flavonoids; Gingivitis; Hemostatics; Pregnancy; Rutin; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Pregnancy; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Disease; Gingiva; Gingival Diseases; Gingivitis; Humans

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Disease; Gingiva; Gingival Diseases; Gingivitis; Humans