ascorbic-acid and Exfoliation-Syndrome

Pathophysiology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) can be influenced by environmental factors such as solar exposure/occupational factors and genetic factors.. The study aims to assess the association of lifetime ocular UV exposure and its impact on the risk of development of XFS.. All eligible subjects underwent a comprehensive ocular examination. XFS was defined as precipitates on the pupillary border, cornea, and angle of anterior chamber or lens in at least one eye without any clinical signs of glaucoma. A standardised questionnaire was administered to assess the lifetime UV exposure. Conjunctival ultraviolet autofluorescence (CUVAF) photography was taken to detect the conjunctival changes with exposure to UV radiation. Ascorbic acid concentration in the aqueous humour was measured.. A total of 404 subjects of which 274 (controls) and 130 (XFS cases) were studied. There were 204 males (50.5%) and 200 females (49.5%).Lifetime UV exposure (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.30, p: 0.032), CUVAF damage (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.06, p: 0.008) and outdoor worker (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.18-3.00, p: 0.008) were positively associated with XFS. Usage of spectacles (OR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.39-0.95, p: 0.030) and ascorbic acid concentration in aqueous (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.23-0.99, p: 0.038) were found to be protective against XFS.. Besides genetic factors, environmental factors such as lifetime ocular UV exposure and outdoor work are significantly associated with the risk of XFS. CUVAF can be used as a non-invasive tool to detect preclinical sun damage in outdoor workers.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Conjunctiva; Exfoliation Syndrome; Female; Glaucoma; Humans; Male; Ultraviolet Rays

To establish the antioxidant status of the aqueous humour in glaucoma associated with exfoliation syndrome (XFG) and to compare it to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and cataract patients.. Patients were diagnosed with POAG, XFG, or cataract (n=25 for each group). Total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP) was measured by chemiluminescence. Ascorbic acid levels and the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured spectrophotometrically.ResultsTRAP value was lower in XFG (28+/-2 microM Trolox) than in POAG (55+/-8 microM Trolox; P<0.001). TRAP values in both glaucomas were lower than the cataract value (124+/-5 microM Trolox; P<0.001). A decrease in ascorbic acid was measured in XFG (230+/-20 microM) compared with POAG (415+/-17 microM; P<0.001). Ascorbic acid in both glaucomas was lower than in cataract (720+/-30 microM; P<0.001). A significant increase in GPx was found in XFG (30+/-2 U/ml) compared with POAG (16+/-3 U/ml). GPx activity in both glaucomas was increased when compared with cataracts (6+/-2 U/ml; P<0.001). A significant increase of 67% in SOD activity was observed in the glaucoma group vscataract group (27+/-3 U/ml; P<0.001), but no changes were found between both glaucomas.. The antioxidant status of the aqueous humour may play a role in the pathophysiology of both glaucomas.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Aqueous Humor; Ascorbic Acid; Catalase; Cataract; Exfoliation Syndrome; Female; Glaucoma; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Luminescence; Male; Superoxide Dismutase

To evaluate the relationship between the serum oxidant-antioxidant balance and the presence of exfoliation syndrome (XFS) in a prospective study.. The study group comprised 27 cases of XFS. Serum concentrations of myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, vitamins A, C and E, catalase and total antioxidant were measured and compared with an independent group by t-test.. Serum myeloperoxidase, vitamins A and E, catalase and total antioxidant parameters were not statistically different among the groups (P >0.05). Serum vitamin C concentrations were significantly lower and malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly higher in cases of XFS when compared with the control group (P=0.008 and P=0.002, respectively).. An altered oxidant-antioxidant balance may play a role in the pathogenesis of XFS.

Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Catalase; Exfoliation Syndrome; Female; Humans; Male; Malondialdehyde; Middle Aged; Oxidation-Reduction; Peroxidase; Prospective Studies; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

The authors investigated the concentrations of 8-isoprostaglandin F(2a), a marker of oxidative stress in vivo, and ascorbic acid, a protectant against oxidative damage, in the aqueous humour of patients with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and cataract and compared the results with those in age matched patients with cataract, but without XFS, to determine whether XFS is associated with increased oxidative stress.. Aqueous humour was aspirated at the beginning of phacoemulsification cataract surgery from 27 eyes of 27 cataract patients with XFS and 27 eyes of 27 age matched cataract patients without XFS. 8-Isoprostaglandin F(2a)concentration in the aqueous was determined with a commercial immunoassay; ascorbic acid concentration was measured with a microplate assay method.. The mean concentration of 8-isoprostaglandin F(2a)in the aqueous from patients with XFS (2429 (SD 2940) pg/ml; range 400-10500 pg/ml) was significantly higher than that measured in the aqueous of age matched control patients (529.1 (226.8) pg/ml; range 325-1000 pg/ml); (p = 0.0028). Furthermore, mean ascorbic acid concentration in XFS patients (0.75 (0.39) mM; range 0.28-1.70 mM) was significantly lower than that found in control patients (1.19 (0.47) mM; range 0.53-2.4 mM); (p = 0.0005). There was a reverse correlation between 8-isoprostaglandin F(2a)and ascorbic acid concentration.. 8-Isoprostaglandin F(2a)was significantly increased in the aqueous of patients with XFS, and ascorbic acid was decreased, providing evidence of a role for free radical induced oxidative damage in the pathobiology of XFS.

Topics: Antioxidants; Aqueous Humor; Ascorbic Acid; Cataract; Dinoprost; Exfoliation Syndrome; F2-Isoprostanes; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Immunoassay; Oxidative Stress; Prospective Studies

To investigate whether there is a role for ascorbic acid in the development of exfoliation syndrome (XFS).. A case-control study was undertaken that included consecutive patients with and without XFS in whom cataract surgery was indicated. Patients with ophthalmic conditions other than XFS and conditions that may influence ascorbic acid levels were excluded.. A prospective institutional study was undertaken. A small volume of aqueous humor was aspirated at the beginning of phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Eighty aqueous samples, 40 samples from 40 eyes of 40 cataract patients with XFS and 40 samples from 40 eyes of 40 age matched cataract patients without XFS, were collected and analyzed. Ascorbic acid concentration was evaluated in the aqueous samples with a microplate assay method.. The mean +/- SD concentration of ascorbic acid in the aqueous from patients with XFS (0.86 +/- 0.43 mM; range, 0.12 to 1.7 mM) was significantly lower than the concentration of ascorbic acid found in the aqueous of age-matched control patients (1.15 +/- 0.50 mM; range 0.42 to 3.1 mM; P =.0068). Total mean protein concentration was found to be significantly higher in the XFS group (481.1 +/- 196.8 pg/dl versus 336.3 +/- 86.4 pg/dl in the controls; P <.0001). Nevertheless, no correlation could be established between ascorbic level and protein concentration.. A significantly reduced mean level of ascorbic acid was observed in the aqueous humor of patients with XFS. In view of the fact that ascorbic acid is a major protective factor against free radical action, a role for free radical action is possible in the pathobiology of XFS.

Topics: Aged; Aqueous Humor; Ascorbic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Cataract; Exfoliation Syndrome; Humans; Phacoemulsification; Prospective Studies

The aim of the study was to examine for possible differences between cell cultures derived from eye with and without pseudoexfoliation. In both populations, scanning electron microscopy showed flattened epithelial cells and also spindleshaped fibroblast-like cells. The presence of these cell types was further confirmed by immunohistochemical demonstration of cytokeratin and vimentin in the cultured cells. The cells maintained in vitro showed a linear increase in uptake of leucine during a 12-h period. Within this period, the leucine recovered in the TCA precipitable fraction was considerably higher than the nonbound fraction. In cultures maintained in medium with and without L-ascorbic acid, the presence of L-ascorbic acid significantly increase the uptake of leucine into TCA precipitable material, and to a similar extent in cultures from the two populations. In conclusion, cells derived from eyes with and without pseudoexfoliation material and maintained in vitro showed similar morphology, presence of intermediate filaments, as well as uptake of leucine under various culture conditions.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cells, Cultured; Conjunctiva; Epithelium; Exfoliation Syndrome; Eye Proteins; Fibroblasts; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Keratins; Leucine; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Vimentin