ascorbic-acid and Enterobacteriaceae-Infections

The definition of sepsis continues to be as dynamic as the management strategies used to treat this. Sepsis-3 has replaced the earlier systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)-based diagnoses with the rapid Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score assisting in predicting overall prognosis with regards to mortality. Surgeons have an important role in ensuring adequate source control while recognizing the threat of carbapenem-resistance in gram-negative organisms. Rapid diagnostic tests are being used increasingly for the early identification of multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs), with a key emphasis on the multidisciplinary alert of results. Novel, higher generation antibiotic agents have been developed for resistance in ESKCAPE (

Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Acinetobacter Infections; Angiotensin II; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Duration of Therapy; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Enterococcus faecium; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Machine Learning; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Methylene Blue; Organ Dysfunction Scores; Patient Care Bundles; Postoperative Complications; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Procalcitonin; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Sepsis; Shock, Septic; Staphylococcal Infections; Thiamine; Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vitamin B Complex

The immunostimulatory effect of probiotics and vitamin C has been established in many systems including fish. An investigation was carried out to study the effect of dietary supplementation of a probiotic bacterium "Bacillus subtilis", vitamin C in the form of ascorbyl polyphosphate and their combination on the immune response of Indian major carp, rohu, (Labeo rohita Ham.) fingerlings fed for a period of 60 days. The total serum protein and globulin content was significantly higher (p<0.05) in probiotic (B. subtilis @ 10(8) CFU/g of the feed) fed group while the respiratory burst activity of blood neutrophils was significantly high in vitamin C (ascorbyl polyphosphate @100 mg per kg diet) fed group. The antibody level was significantly high in Bacillus subtilis treated group followed by the probiotic (B. subtilis @ 10(8) CFU/g of the feed) and ascorbyl polyphosphate (ascorbyl polyphosphate @100 mg per kg diet) combined group. The least percentage of mortality was recorded in B. subtilis treated group (25%) followed by 35 and 40% in ascorbyl polyphosphate treated and B. subtilis and ascorbyl polyphosphate combined groups, respectively.

Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Vaccines; Blood Proteins; Carps; Dietary Supplements; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Neutrophils; Probiotics; Respiratory Burst; Time Factors

In order to determine the impact on disease resistance of four dietary immunomodulators viz., beta-1,3 glucan, levamisole, vitamins C and E, in an important farmed Indian major carp species, rohu (Labeo rohita Ham.), fish were fed diets containing various levels of these substances during a 60 day trial. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB,) at 125 mg kg(-1) body weight was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into fish to induce an immunosuppressive state on the first day of the experiment in some individuals. The fish were vaccinated against formalin-killed Edwardsiella tarda vaccine on day 30 of the experiment. Specific immunity, as measured by bacterial agglutination titre and disease resistance against E. tarda, was determined at the end of the trial. The results demonstrate that all the four immunomodulators were capable of significantly (P<0.05) increasing specific immunity and reducing mortality in immunocompromised fish but failed to enhance specific immunity and protection in healthy fish. The increased bacterial agglutination titre by beta-1,3 glucan, and reduced mortality losses by both beta-1,3 glucan and levamisole were marked in healthy vaccinated fish compared with their controls. Similarly, all four substances significantly reduced the mortality rates in immunocompromised and healthy unvaccinated fish. Out of these four substances, glucan was recorded to be the most effective immunomodulator in rohu. The present results suggest that the introduction of these substances into the diet of fish grown in farms under immunosuppressive/stressful conditions could increase their resistance to infection by reducing mortality rates and offer economic benefits.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Aflatoxin B1; Agglutination Tests; Animal Feed; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Vaccines; beta-Glucans; Cyprinidae; Edwardsiella tarda; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Glucans; Immunization; Immunocompromised Host; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Levamisole; Vitamin E

Channel catfish fingerlings were fed purified diets containing 0 to 3000 mg/kg of ascorbic acid until external signs of scurvy were seen in the fish fed the ascorbic acid-deficient diet. At this time, resistance to bacterial infection, antibody production, complement activity and phagocytic activity were assessed for fish from the various dietary treatments. Mortality rates of fish experimentally infected with Edwardsiella ictaluri, the bacterium causing enteric septicemia in channel catfish, decreased with increases in dietary ascorbic acid doses, ranging from 100% for fish fed the ascorbic acid-deficient diet to 15% for fish fed 300 mg ascorbic acid per kilogram diet and 0 for fish fed 3000 mg ascorbic acid per kilogram diet. Antibody response to E. ictaluri antigen, hemolysis of sensitized sheep erythrocytes by complement activity and phagocytic engulfment of E. ictaluri by peripheral phagocytes were each impaired in fish fed the diet without supplemental ascorbic acid; intracellular bactericidal activity of the phagocytes was not affected by ascorbic acid deficiency. There were no differences in antibody production, complement activity, or phagocytic activities among fish fed diets containing 30-300 mg ascorbic acid/kg of diet. However, the dose level of 3000 mg ascorbic acid/kg significantly enhanced antibody production and complement activity.

Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Antibody Formation; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Complement System Proteins; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Fish Diseases; Fishes; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Innate; Phagocytosis