ascorbic-acid and Dermatitis--Atopic

The role of dietary factors is an important and controversial topic in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Despite the preponderance of consumer products utilizing oral micronutrients supplementation for relief AD symptoms, less attention has been paid on the utility of topical micronutrients, specifically for individuals with AD. We review evidence on topical formulations of vitamins (A, B, C, D, and E) and trace minerals (magnesium, manganese, zinc, and iodine) for treatment of AD. While topical B, C, and E formulations appear to provide some benefit to AD individuals, topical vitamin A has no utility, and topical vitamin D may exacerbate symptoms. Magnesium, zinc, and iodine all appear to improve AD through anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects, though future studies must evaluate their use as monotherapy. The exposition of the effects that topical micronutrients have on AD offers an adjuvant treatment modality for this common inflammatory dermatosis.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Dermatitis, Atopic; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Magnesium; Manganese; Trace Elements; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamins; Zinc

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Dermatitis, Atopic; Drug Combinations; Ergocalciferols; Female; Gluconates; Humans; Male

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by dry and itchy skin. Recently, it has been reported that oxidative stress is involved in skin diseases, possibly including AD. Vitamin C, also referred to as ascorbic acid, is a vital water-soluble compound that functions as an essential nutrient. It plays a significant role as both an antioxidant and an additive in various pharmaceutical and food products. Despite the fact that vitamin C is easily oxidized, we have developed NXP081, a single-stranded DNA aptamer that selectively binds to vitamin C, thereby inhibiting its oxidation. The objective of the current research was to examine the impact of NXP081, an animal model of AD induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). The experimental drug NXP081, when taken orally, showed promising results in reducing inflammation and improving the skin conditions caused by DNFB. The administration of NXP081 resulted in a significant reduction in ear swelling and a noticeable improvement in the appearance of skin lesions. In addition, the administration of NXP081 resulted in a significant decrease in the migration of mast cells in the skin lesions induced by DNFB. Moreover, NXP081 inhibited the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in CD4

Topics: Animals; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Ascorbic Acid; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cytokines; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dinitrofluorobenzene; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Skin; Skin Diseases; Vitamins

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease, which is characterized by excessive Th2 immune responses. In AD patients, the expression of the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 is increased in skin lesions, leading to the infiltration of Th2 cells. In addition, typical pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, have also been shown to be associated with the pathogenesis of AD. Recently, DDH-1, an ascorbic acid derivative, has been synthesized and demonstrated to have a more stabilized structure and better skin penetrability. Furthermore, DDH-1 has been shown to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, using an AD mouse model, we evaluated the effect of DDH-1 to reduce allergic skin inflammation. We found that cutaneous administration of DDH-1 significantly reduced the expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in the skin lesions of AD-like mice. Additionally, DDH-1 administration also significantly reduced the expression levels of CCL17 and CCL22, resulting in decreased skin infiltration of Th2 cells. Consequently, DDH-1 reduced ear and epidermal thickness, the serum IgE levels and the number of infiltrating inflammatory cells and mast cells into the AD-like skin lesions. Combination treatment with DDH-1 and corticosteroid more efficiently improved the skin lesions compared with corticosteroid alone. Collectively, our results suggest that DDH-1 has an anti-allergic effect in an AD mouse model by reducing not only the pro-inflammatory cytokine expression but also the Th2-associated chemokine expression. Thus, DDH-1 may be beneficial for AD treatment and prevention as a monotherapy or in combination with corticosteroids.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Allergic Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Cytokines; Dermatitis, Atopic; Disease Models, Animal; Interleukin-6; Mice; Skin; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, inherent instability of EGCG greatly limits its bioavailability and clinical efficacy. In this study, we developed a poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA)-based microneedle (MN) formulation capable of maintaining EGCG's stability and efficiently delivering EGCG into the skin to ameliorate AD symptoms. The γ-PGA MN can not only protect EGCG from oxidation, but also serve as an immunomodulator to downregulate T helper type 2 (Th2)-type immune responses. Encapsulation of EGCG into the γ-PGA MN and utilization of L-ascorbic acid (AA) as a stabilizer preserved 95% of its structural stability and retained 93% of its initial antioxidant activity after 4 weeks of storage. Once-weekly administration of EGCG/AA-loaded MNs to an Nc/Nga mouse model of AD for 4 weeks significantly ameliorated skin lesions and epidermal hyperplasia by reducing serum IgE (from 12156 ± 1344 to 5555 ± 1362  ng/mL) and histamine levels (from 81 ± 18 to 40 ± 5 pg/mL) and inhibiting IFN-γ (from 0.10 ± 0.01 to 0.01 pg/mg total protein) and Th2-type cytokine production, when compared to the AD (no treatment) group (p < 0.05). Notably, once-weekly MN therapy was at least as effective as the daily topical application of an EGCG + AA solution but markedly reduced the administration frequency and required dose. These results show that EGCG/AA-loaded γ-PGA MNs may be a convenient and promising therapeutic option for AD treatment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)/L-ascorbic acid (AA)-loaded poly-γ-glutamate (γ-PGA) microneedles (MN) capable of providing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects on inflamed skin for ameliorating atopic dermatitis (AD) symptoms in Nc/Nga mice. After skin insertion, the γ-PGA MN can be quickly dissolved in the skin and remain in the dermis for sustained release of encapsulated active ingredients for 6 days. We demonstrated that once-weekly MN therapy effectively alleviated skin lesions and modulated immune response to relieve Th2-polarized allergic response in mice. Once-weekly MN dosing regimen may provide patients with a more convenient, therapeutically equivalent option to daily topical dosing, and may increase compliance and long-term persistence with AD therapy.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Catechin; Cytokines; Dermatitis, Atopic; Humans; Immunity; Mice; Polyglutamic Acid; Skin

We have designed and efficiently synthesized novel 1-phenyl-6-aminouracils by replacing the chroman moiety in CX-659S, a nonsteroidal dermatologic candidate, with dimethyldihydrobenzofuranol to cancel CX-659S asymmetric center. Medicinal chemistry effort culminated in the discovery of 13d bearing a 3-methyl group at the 1-phenyl group as a promising compound. Compound 13d, having good in vitro ADME profile and moderate oral bioavailability in mice, showed potent anti-inflammatory activity against hapten-induced contact hypersensitivity reaction in mice following topical and oral administration. The effects of 13d were equipotent to that of tacrolimus or prednisolone. In addition, compound 13d, having potent hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity, showed more potent suppressive effect on substance P-induced pruritus in mice than oxatomide.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Benzofurans; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane Permeability; Dermatitis, Atopic; Half-Life; Humans; Mice; Microsomes; Pruritus; Rats; Uracil

Topics: Acetaminophen; Ascorbic Acid; Clarithromycin; Dermatitis, Atopic; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Skin Aging; Water; Young Adult

Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Contact; Dietary Fats; Excipients; Glycyrrhetinic Acid; Humans; Male; Palmitates; Plant Extracts; Skin Cream

To investigate the association of antioxidant nutritional status with the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) in young children in a case-control, population-based study.. Identified from preschools by using the Korean version of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Final analysis included 180 AD (mean age 5.3+/-0.9 years) and 242 non-AD (mean age 5.2+/-1.0 years) children. Diet was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Fasting blood samples were used for analyses of fat-soluble vitamins (retinol, alpha-tocopherol, and beta-carotene) and vitamin C.. AD was associated negatively with intakes of antioxidant-related nutrients. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were 0.44 (0.22-0.88) for the highest (vs lowest) quintile of beta-carotene. A similar association was observed for dietary vitamin E (OR=0.33, 95% CI=0.16-0.67), folic acid (OR=0.37, 95% CI=0.18-0.73), and iron (OR=0.39, 95% CI=0.19-0.79). Reduced AD risk was found with 1 s.d. increase of serum alpha-tocopherol [OR=0.64, 95% CI=0.41-0.98) and retinol (OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.58-0.96) concentrations, and marginally with that of serum beta-carotene levels (P=0.0749 for trend). There was no relationship of AD risk with dietary and plasma vitamin C as well as nutrient supplement intake regardless of nutrient type. AD was predicted better by the intake measure than the corresponding blood biomarker regarding vitamin E and beta-carotene.. These findings suggest that higher antioxidant nutritional status reduces the risk of AD and that such risk-reduction effects depend on nutrient type.

Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; beta Carotene; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Diet; Female; Humans; Korea; Male; Nutritional Status; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin A

To assess the effects of maternal dietary and supplement intake of vitamins C and E on breast milk antioxidant composition (vitamin C, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene) and their protective potential against the development of atopy in the infant.. Mothers with atopic disease were recruited at the end of gestation and maternal sensitization was assessed by skin-prick testing. The 4-day food records of the mothers and breast milk samples were collected at the infants' age of 1 month. Infants' atopy was defined by the presence of atopic dermatitis during the first year of life and a positive skin-prick test reaction at 12 months of age (n=34).. Maternal intake of vitamin C in diet but not as supplement was shown to determine the concentration of vitamin C in breast milk. A higher concentration of vitamin C in breast milk was associated with a reduced risk of atopy in the infant (OR=0.30; 95% CI 0.09-0.94; P=0.038), whereas alpha-tocopherol had no consistent relationship with atopy. The group at risk of suboptimal vitamin C supply from breast milk was identified as infants whose mothers suffer from food hypersensitivity.. A maternal diet rich in natural sources of vitamin C during breastfeeding could reduce the risk of atopy in high-risk infants.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Breast Feeding; Confidence Intervals; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Milk, Human; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Skin Tests; Vitamin E

Two thousand women were recruited for a prospective investigation of the influence of maternal antioxidant intake in pregnancy on the development of asthma and eczema in children. A food frequency questionnaire was used to characterize diet during pregnancy and blood antioxidant levels were measured. Postal questionnaires were used to follow up the 1,924 singleton children born to the cohort at 6, 12, and 24 months of age. There were no associations between maternal antioxidant intake and wheezing symptoms and eczema in the children's first year. In the children's second year, maternal vitamin E intake during pregnancy was negatively associated with wheeze in the absence of a "cold" (p for trend 0.010) and, in children whose mothers were atopic, there was a negative association between maternal vitamin E intake and childhood eczema (p for trend 0.024). Maternal vitamin C intake during pregnancy was positively associated with "ever wheeze" and eczema during the children's second year. This study suggests that maternal dietary antioxidant intakes during pregnancy may modify the risks of developing wheeze and eczema during early childhood. Further follow up of the cohort will determine whether maternal diet during pregnancy is associated with asthma and atopic disease in later childhood.

Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Asthma; Dermatitis, Atopic; Diet; Eczema; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Logistic Models; Multivariate Analysis; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Sounds; United Kingdom; Vitamin E

Current research into dietary factors contributing to the development of allergic diseases is directed towards new active approaches instead of passive elimination diets. The present study aimed to investigate the explanatory role of the diet in a probiotic intervention study on the appearance of atopic eczema (AE) in childhood and the safety of perinatal supplementation with probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG; ATCC 53 103). A prospective follow-up study from birth to 48 months of children (n 159) with a family history of allergic disease was carried out. Outcome measures included growth, dietary intake assessed with 4 d food diaries and their association with AE by logistic regression models. Increased intakes of retinol, Ca and Zn, with perinatal administration of probiotics, reduced the risk of AE, whilst an increase in intake of ascorbic acid increased the likelihood of AE. Perinatal administration of probiotics was safe, as it did not influence the height (mean difference 0.04 (95 % CI -0.33, 0.40) sd scores, P=0.852) or the weight-for-height (mean difference -3.35 (95 % CI -7.07, 0.37)%, P=0.077) of the children at 48 months with and without perinatal administration of probiotics. Up to 48 months, AE did not affect height (mean difference -0.05 (95 % CI -0.42, 0.33) sd scores, P=0.815), but mean weight-for-height in children with AE was -5.1 % (95 % CI -8.9, -1.2 %) lower compared with children without (P=0.010). The joint effects of nutrients and probiotics need to be considered in active prevention and management schemes for allergic diseases.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Body Composition; Body Height; Body Weight; Calcium, Dietary; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Growth; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lactobacillus; Male; Nutritional Status; Probiotics; Vitamin A; Vitamins; Zinc

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which reactive oxygen species (ROS) may be involved. Iron catalyses ROS formation and ascorbic acid (AA) scavenges these species.. The aim of this work was to determine iron and AA levels in AD patients' dermis and to compare their concentrations with those of healthy volunteers' dermis.. Five AD patients and 5 healthy subjects (controls) were enrolled in this study. Iron and AA were collected from human dermis by microdialysis and assessed by atomic absorption spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively.. The AD dermis demonstrated higher iron concentrations (44.3 +/- 4.6 microg/l) compared to controls (21.8 +/- 1.2 microg/l) as well as a significantly lower concentration of AA (46.7 +/- 0.6 vs. 176.8 +/- 14.5 microg/ml, respectively).. These results suggest that iron and AA dermis levels could be indicators of inflammatory tissues and might be implicated in dermatological diseases such as AD.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermis; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Probability; Prognosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Statistics, Nonparametric

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Chelating Agents; Chromium; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Occupational; Edetic Acid; Humans; Moscow

Topics: Adolescent; Amino Acids; Antiprotozoal Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Biliary Tract Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Desensitization, Immunologic; Furazolidone; Glucocorticoids; Health Resorts; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Humans; Infant; Lanolin; Metronidazole; Naphthalenes; Oils; Physical Therapy Modalities; Protein Hydrolysates; Quinolines; Riboflavin; Sodium Chloride; Thiamine