ascorbic-acid and Dental-Caries

Dental erosion is increasingly recognized as a common condition in paediatric dentistry with complications of tooth sensitivity, altered aesthetics and loss of occlusal vertical dimension. The prevalence of erosion in children has been reported to range from 10% to over 80%. The primary dentition is thought to be more susceptible to erosion compared to the permanent dentition due to the thinner and less mineralized enamel. The aim of this paper was to critically review dental erosion in children with regards to its prevalence, aetiology, diagnosis and prevention. The associations between erosion and other common conditions in children such as caries and enamel hypoplasia are also discussed.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Australia; Beverages; Caseins; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dental Pellicle; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Fluorides, Topical; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Germany; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Tooth Erosion; Tooth, Deciduous; United Kingdom; Vomiting

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Calcium, Dietary; Dental Caries; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Fluorine; Humans; Lysine; Magnesium; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Oral Health; Phosphorus; Tooth; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin K

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Biological Assay; Dental Caries; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Lactobacillus; Leuconostoc; Saliva; Streptococcus; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin K; Vitamins

This Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to explore the causal relationship among circulating vitamin C and D levels, dental caries, and periodontitis.. MR analyses were conducted with the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median, MR-Egger approaches, and MR-robust adjusted profile score method to assess the causal relationships between circulating vitamin C and D concentrations and dental caries, the number of remaining natural permanent teeth in the mouth (N teeth), and periodontitis.. We found potential causal association of circulating vitamin D concentrations with N teeth (β = 0.085; 95% confidence interval: 0.019 to 0.150; p = .012) based on the IVW method. No significant causal relationship between circulating vitamin D levels and dental caries and periodontitis was observed. Similarly, no evidence supported a causal relationship between circulating vitamin C concentrations and the risk of dental caries, N teeth, and periodontitis.. There is no obvious evidence suggesting a causal relationship among circulating vitamin D, dental caries, and periodontitis, drawing into question the mechanism for any association with N teeth. Additionally, there is insufficient power to detect small effects in vitamin C levels and caries and periodontitis.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Caries; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Periodontitis; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Vitamin D

Streptococcus mutans is a major cause of dental caries. Its capacity to produce biofilm is fundamental in the pathogenesis of this ubiquitous condition. As maintaining a healthy dentition is a genuine goal given the contemporary advance in caries control, researchers are striving to achieve a breakthrough in caries therapy. We are taking the anti-cariogenic properties of vitamin C a step-further, considering the well-known evidence of the inversely proportionate relationship between salivary levels of vitamin C and dental caries. The aim of this study was to determine MIC, MBC, biofilm prevention concentration (BPC), and derivative measures of vitamin C against fresh clinical isolates of S. mutans to evaluate its efficacy as an anti-cariogenic agent.. Based on the data of four independent experiments done in quadruplicates, we found a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of vitamin C on all S. mutans strains tested. The average MBC, MIC, and BPC of vitamin C were found to be 10.16, 9.38, and 5.61 mg/ml, respectively. Spectrophotometric quantitation of crystal violet showed diminished biofilm formation in the presence of vitamin C (p < 0.05). When compared with gentamicin, vitamin C produced a zone of inhibition that was three times as large against the clinical isolates.. Our results show that vitamin C has a negative effect on S. mutans growth and biofilm formation. Being the first to meticulously utilize BPC to explore a well-known effect of vitamin C, this report aims to help in the instigation of trials of higher evidence that will ultimately culminate in repurposing vitamin C as a novel anti-cariogenic agent, albeit further studies are required to provide auxiliary evidence in this context.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Humans; Kinetics; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Streptococcus mutans; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Dental Caries; Gingival Hypertrophy; Humans; Male; Scurvy; Tooth

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between salivary 1,5-anhydroglucitol (AG), vitamins A (VA), C (VC), and E (VE), and caries risk in children. 100 healthy children aged between 6 and 13 years were divided into two equal groups of caries-free (DMFS/dmfs=0) and caries active (DMFS/dmfs>3). Unstimulated midmorning saliva was collected from all the children and the levels of salivary AG and vitamins A, C, and E were measured. Caries risk assessment was done using American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry Caries Assessment Tool. Analysis of salivary AG and vitamins was performed using a commercially available ELISA kit. Low levels of AG were present in caries active and high caries risk groups compared to caries-free and low/medium caries risk groups. This difference is statistically significant (p < 0.05). A strong negative correlation between AG and caries activity was observed in the caries active group. VA was not related to caries activity, while VC and VE displayed a statistically significant correlation (p < 0.05). Similarly, a strong negative correlation was observed between the levels of AG and high caries risk group. Salivary AG, VC, and VE together are related to caries risk in caries active children. These salivary parameters can act as indicator of caries status in children.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Dental Caries; Deoxyglucose; Female; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Saliva; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

Streptococcus mutans is the primary etiological agent of human dental caries. It can metabolize a wide variety of carbohydrates and produce large amounts of organic acids that cause enamel demineralization. Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) plays an important role in carbohydrates uptake of S. mutans. The ptxA and ptxB genes in S. mutans encode putative enzyme IIA and enzyme IIB of the L-ascorbate-specific PTS. The aim of this study was to analyze the function of these proteins and understand the transcriptional regulatory mechanism.. ptxA (-), ptxB (-), as well as ptxA (-) , ptxB (-) double-deletion mutants all had more extended lag phase and lower growth yield than wild-type strain UA159 when grown in the medium using L-ascorbate as the sole carbon source. Acid production and acid killing assays showed that the absence of the ptxA and ptxB genes resulted in a reduction in the capacity for acidogenesis, and all three mutant strains did not survive an acid shock. According to biofilm and extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) formation analysis, all the mutant strains formed much less prolific biofilms with small amounts of EPS than wild-type UA159 when using L-ascorbate as the sole carbon source. Moreover, PCR analysis and quantitative real-time PCR revealed that sgaT, ptxA, ptxB, SMU.273, SMU.274 and SMU.275 appear to be parts of the same operon. The transcription levels of these genes were all elevated in the presence of L-ascorbate, and the expression of ptxA gene decreased significantly once ptxB gene was knockout.. The ptxA and ptxB genes are involved in the growth, aciduricity, acidogenesis, and formation of biofilms and EPS of S. mutans when L-ascorbate is the sole carbon source. In addition, the expression of ptxA is regulated by ptxB. ptxA, ptxB, and the upstream gene sgaT, the downstream genes SMU.273, SMU.274 and SMU.275 appear to be parts of the same operon, and L-ascorbate is a potential inducer of the operon.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Humans; Operon; Phosphotransferases; Streptococcus mutans

This study aimed to assess the dental caries and erosion status of 12-year-old Hong Kong children and study the determinants of dental caries and dental erosion of these children.. The survey was performed from 2011 to 2012 with ethics approval. Stratified random sampling was adopted to select 12-year-old children in 7 primary schools in Hong Kong. The participating parents were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire concerning their children's diet and oral health habits. The children were examined for caries status with WHO criteria by 3 calibrated examiners. Detection of dental erosion followed Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) criteria.. A total of 704 children were recruited and 600 (316 boys, 53%) participated in the survey. There were 124 children (21%) with caries experience (DMFT > 0) and their DMFT was 0.34 ± 0.76. About half of their decay was unfilled (DT = 0.16 ± 0.52) The DMFT of girls and boys were 0.45 ± 0.89 and 0.23 ± 0.61, respectively (p = 0.001). Girls also had a higher DT (0.21 ± 0.62 compared with 0.11 ± 0.41, p = 0.013) and FT than boys (0.23 ± 0.63 compared with 0.12 ± 0.44, p = 0.016). Most children (75%) had at least some sign of erosion (BEWE > 0), but no severe erosion (BEWE = 3). Logistic regression showed girls who consumed soft drinks and took vitamin C supplements had higher caries risk. Dental erosion was more severe among the children who had caries experience and consumed fruit juice.. The 12-year-old Hong Kong children had low caries experience, and almost half of the decay was left untreated. Although severe erosion was not found, many children had early signs of erosion.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; Child; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Diet; Dietary Sucrose; Dietary Supplements; DMF Index; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fruit; Health Status; Hong Kong; Humans; Incidence; Logistic Models; Male; Oral Health; Parents; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tooth Erosion

Osteogenic disorder Shionogi (ODS) rats are genetically defective in ascorbic acid biosynthesis. They exhibit a gait abnormality due to dysfunctional bone formation and display various dental abnormalities. Conditions of the oral cavity and tooth quality both influence the development of dental caries. This study was designed to determine the characteristics of dental caries in ODS/ ShiJclod/od rats. Caries were scored and compared among ODS/ShiJclod/od, ODS/ShiJcl+/+, and Jcl:Wistar retired breeders. Among male rats, the caries scores of the ODS/ShiJclod/od and ODS/ShiJcl+/+ groups were similar to each other but greater than those in Jcl:Wistar rats, whereas among female rats, caries scores in ODS/ShiJclod/od animals were equivalent to or somewhat greater than those in ODS/ShiJcl+/+ rats, whose scores were markedly greater than those of Jcl:Wistar rats. The results suggest that ODS/ShiJcl rats were more susceptible to dental caries than were Jcl:Wistar rats. Under the conditions of the study, caries scores between ODS/ ShiJclod/od and ODS/ShiJcl+/+ rats differed only among parous females.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Dental Caries; Female; Male; Molar; Osteogenesis; Rats; Rats, Mutant Strains; Rats, Wistar

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between dental erosion and caries, and variables including socio-economic status, reported dietary practices and oral hygiene behaviour, in a sample of children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study including dental examination and questionnaire survey was carried out at a number of kindergartens.. A sample of 987 children (2-5-year-olds) was drawn from 17 kindergartens. Clinical examinations were carried out under standardized conditions by a trained and calibrated examiner (MAM). Information regarding diet and socio-economic factors was drawn from questionnaires distributed to the parents through the schools. These were completed before the dental examination.. Of the 987 children, 309 (31%) showed signs of erosion. Caries were diagnosed in 720 (73%) of the children and rampant caries in 336 (34%). Vitamin C supplements, frequent consumption of carbonated drinks and the drinking of fruit syrup from a feeding bottle at bed- or nap-time when the child was a baby, were all related to erosion. Consumption of carbonated drinks and fruit syrups was also related to caries but they were part of a larger number of significant factors including socio-demographic measures and oral hygiene practices.. There was no clear relationship between erosion and social class, or between erosion and oral hygiene practices; the reverse was true for caries. Dietary factors relating to both erosion and caries and/or rampant caries were found in this sample of children.

Topics: Age Factors; Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; Bottle Feeding; Carbonated Beverages; Chi-Square Distribution; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dietary Supplements; Educational Status; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fruit; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Occupations; Odds Ratio; Oral Hygiene; Parents; Physical Examination; Prevalence; Saudi Arabia; Social Class; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tooth Erosion; Toothbrushing

Ascorbic acid (AA) affects in vitro growth of bacteria and may also act in vivo to decrease caries activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association of AA level in plasma with number of caries lesions, relative numbers of some species of oral cariogenic flora, and rate of salivary secretion. The caries status and some bacteriologic variables of dentulous adult subjects with a low level of AA in the plasma (< or = 25 mumol/l; n = 75) were compared with those of controls (plasma level > or = 50 mumol/l; n = 75) matched for age, sex, and number of teeth. For each subject, site-specific recordings of the presence or absence of plaque, dental caries, fillings, and erosions were recorded clinically by the same dentist in a double-blind system. The amounts of visible plaque and numbers of decayed tooth surfaces were significantly higher in the low AA group than in the controls. No between-group differences were found in the number of fillings and the amount of oral bacterial growth. The frequencies of consumption of vegetables, berries, and other fruit were significantly lower in the low AA group than in the controls.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Case-Control Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque Index; Dietary Carbohydrates; DMF Index; Double-Blind Method; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fruit; Humans; Lactobacillus; Male; Middle Aged; Saliva; Secretory Rate; Streptococcus mutans; Sucrose; Vegetables

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cysteine; Dental Caries; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tellurium; Thioctic Acid

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cysteine; Dental Caries; Glutathione; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tellurium; Thioctic Acid

Two saliva stimulating drugs, solutions of Hybrin and malic acid were in an in vitro study found to have a heavy demineralizing effect on the root surface of the dental hard tissue. Consequently the drugs cannot be recommended to patients suffering from dry mouth reaction.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Caries; Dental Cementum; Dentin; Humans; Malates; Saliva; Salivation; Tablets; Tooth Root; Xerostomia

Vitamin C stimulates the formation of PGE1 in human platelets. The effect occurs over the physiologically relevant range of concentrations. PGE1 is required for T lymphocyte function and plays a major part in the regulation of immune responses. PGE1 is also important in the regulation of collagen and ground substance metabolism, in cholesterol metabolism and in regulation of responsiveness to insulin. It is proposed that defective formation of PGE1 could account for many of the features of scurvy and for many of the reported therapeutic effects of vitamin C. If correct, vitamin C will be of value only in conjunction with an adequate supply of dihomogammalinolenic acid, the precursor of PGE1. Essential fatty acids, pyridoxine and zinc are all required to achieve this.

Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Blood Platelets; Cats; Cholesterol; Collagen; Dental Caries; Drug Therapy, Combination; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Linolenic Acids; Neoplasms; Platelet Aggregation; Prostaglandins E; Salivation; Scurvy; Sjogren's Syndrome; Stimulation, Chemical

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Child; Dental Caries; Drug Combinations; Ergocalciferols; Fluorides; Humans; Sodium Fluoride; Vitamin A; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

A group of remote island Australian Aborigines was examined for dental caries, periodontal disease, pathologic disorders and orthodontic problems and the results were recorded. It would appear that race and heredity may influence periodontal disease.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Australia; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dental Health Surveys; DMF Index; Gingivitis; Humans; Malocclusion; Mouth; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Streptococcus; Tooth, Deciduous

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Body Weight; Bone Resorption; Dental Caries; Dextranase; Glycoside Hydrolases; Hemoglobins; Leukopenia; Pancreatic Extracts; Penicillium; Rats; Swine

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Demography; Dental Caries; Diet; DMF Index; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Nutrition Surveys; Obesity; Pediatrics; Pregnancy; Societies, Medical; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Vitamin A

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium, Dietary; Dental Caries; Diet; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Male; Motor Activity; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Obesity; Pregnancy; Sex Factors; United States; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Dental Caries; Diet; Humans; Keratoconjunctivitis; Lacrimal Apparatus; Male; Middle Aged; Oral Manifestations; Salivary Gland Diseases; Scurvy; Sjogren's Syndrome; Skin Manifestations; Xerostomia

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Breast Feeding; Cariogenic Agents; Dental Caries; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Ethnicity; Family Characteristics; Female; Fingersucking; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; London; Maternal Age; Socioeconomic Factors; Sweetening Agents

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cariostatic Agents; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; DMF Index; Fluorides; Humans; Niacinamide; Riboflavin; Sodium; Thiamine; Tooth, Deciduous; Vitamin A; Vitamin D

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cricetinae; Dental Caries; Edible Grain; Flavones; Nutrition Disorders; Plant Structures; Pregnancy; Rats; Research; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins; Yeasts

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Caries; Geriatrics; Gingival Diseases; Hemostatics; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Radiography, Dental; Surgery, Oral; Thrombocytopenia; Tooth Extraction; Vitamin K

Topics: Anticoagulants; Ascorbic Acid; Breast Feeding; Calcium; Calcium, Dietary; Common Cold; Dental Caries; Female; Fluorides; Humans; Infections; Iodine; Lactation; Myocardial Infarction; Penicillins; Pregnancy; Preventive Medicine; Silver Nitrate; Sulfonamides; Urinary Calculi

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Child; Dental Caries; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Insulin; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Child; Dental Caries; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Insulin; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Dental Caries; Humans

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Humans; Magnesium; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Cholestanes; Dental Caries; Humans; Tooth; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Caries; Humans; Saliva; Tooth; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Tooth