ascorbic-acid and Cadaver

The purpose of this cadaveric study was to determine the efficacy of a flexible, next-generation robotic surgical system for transoral robotic hypopharyngectomy.. A comparative evaluation study of the flexible versus rigid robotic surgical systems for the hypopharynx was conducted using 3 cadavers. Endpoints for assessment were visualization of the hypopharynx, access to the hypopharynx, and difficulty of dissection. Hypopharyngectomy was performed on 3 other cadavers using the da Vinci Sp surgical system.. Access to the apex of the pyriform sinus and the esophageal inlet was easier with the da Vinci Sp than with the da Vinci Si. Dissection with the da Vinci Sp was easier in all areas of the hypopharynx than with the da Vinci Si. Robotic hypopharyngectomy was successfully completed on all cadavers using the da Vinci Sp surgical system.. Preclinical testing in human cadavers suggests that flexible robotic surgery may facilitate successful transoral hypopharyngectomy.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Cadaver; Equipment Design; Equipment Safety; Flavonoids; Humans; Hypopharynx; Mouth; Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery; Pliability; Robotic Surgical Procedures; Robotics; Sensitivity and Specificity

(-)Epicatechin (EC) is a major antioxidant component of grape seed extract which has become increasingly popular in topical skin preparations. This study assessed the following: (1) the permeability through cellulose membranes of EC in three different gel formulations (Carbopol 940, Klucel, and Ultrez 10); (2) the effect of three different antioxidants (butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), alpha-tocopherol (VE), and ascorbic acid (AA)) on the stability and penetration properties of EC; and (3) the permeability and retention of EC in Ultrez 10 gels, supplemented with BHT or VE, on human cadaver skin. Permeability studies through cellulose membranes showed that different gelling agents do not significantly affect the permeability of EC (n = 7/gel; p > 0.05). BHT and VE have antioxidant properties superior to AA (p < 0.05) and preserve 100% of the initial content of EC for 28 days. Permeation studies on cadaver human skin, following application of two anhydrous gel formulations (0.5% EC in Ultrez 10 containing BHT or VE), showed that EC was not detectable in the receiving solution. However, the EC amount in viable skin increased with time, indicating that EC penetrated and was retained in the upper part of the skin for approximately 1% and 3% of the dose for the formulations containing BHT and VE, respectively.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Butylated Hydroxytoluene; Cadaver; Catechin; Cellulose; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Gels; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Membranes, Artificial; Permeability; Skin Absorption; Technology, Pharmaceutical