ascorbic-acid and Avitaminosis

The vitamin status of a child depends on many factors and most of the clinical studies do not take into account the different access to adequate nutrition of children coming from different countries and the consequent major differences in micronutrients or vitamin deficits between low-income and high-income countries. Vitamin supplements are included in the general field of dietary supplements. There is a large amount of not always factual material concerning vitamin supplements, and this may sometimes create confusion in clinicians and patients. Inadequate information may lead to the risk of attributing beneficial properties leading to their over-use or misuse in the paediatric field. Vitamin supplementation is indicated in all those conditions in which a vitamin deficiency is found, either because of a reduced intake due to reduced availability of certain foods, restrictive diets or inadequate absorption. The lack of guidelines in these fields may lead paediatricians to an improper use of vitamins, both in terms of excessive use or inadequate use. This is due to the fact that vitamin supplementation is often intended as a therapy of support rather than an essential therapeutic tool able to modify disease prognosis. In fact, various vitamins and their derivatives have therapeutic potential in the prevention and treatment of many diseases, especially in emerging conditions of paediatric age such as type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The aim of the present article is to analyse the state of the art and consider new perspectives on the role of vitamin supplements in children.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid; Humans; Micronutrients; Nutritional Status; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Biotin; Diet; Folic Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestines; Niacinamide; Pantothenic Acid; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamins

Osteoporosis is a major health disorder associated with an increased risk of fracture. Nutrition is among the modifiable factors that influence the risk of osteoporosis and fracture. Calcium and vitamin D play important roles in improving bone mineral density and reducing the risk of fracture. Other vitamins appear to play a role in bone health as well. In this review, the findings of studies that related the intake and/or the status of vitamins other than vitamin D to bone health in animals and humans are summarized. Studies of vitamin A showed inconsistent results. Excessive, as well as insufficient, levels of retinol intake may be associated with compromised bone health. Deficiencies in vitamin B, along with the consequent elevated homocysteine level, are associated with bone loss, decreased bone strength, and increased risk of fracture. Deficiencies in vitamins C, E, and K are also associated with compromised bone health; this effect may be modified by smoking, estrogen use or hormonal therapy after menopause, calcium intake, and vitamin D. These findings highlight the importance of adequate nutrition in preserving bone mass and reducing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Bone and Bones; Female; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Male; Nutritional Status; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Beriberi; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Pellagra; Rickets; Scurvy; Vitamins

Schizophrenia is a devastating and poorly understood disease for which the only accepted therapy is nonspecific antipsychotic and anti-seizure medication. This article summarizes the evidence that certain vitamin deficiencies likely worsen the symptoms of schizophrenia, and the evidence that large doses of certain vitamins could improve the core metabolic abnormalities that predispose some people to develop it; it recounts the history of a controversial vitamin-based therapy for schizophrenia called orthomolecular psychiatry; and it concludes by advocating a process for discovering promising new schizophrenia therapies that involves small, carefully conducted clinical trials of nutrient combinations in appropriately selected patients.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Folic Acid; Humans; Niacin; Schizophrenia; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Breast Feeding; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Female; Humans; Hypervitaminosis A; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Rickets; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Although vitamin deficiency is encountered infrequently in developed countries, inadequate intake of several vitamins is associated with chronic disease.. To review the clinically important vitamins with regard to their biological effects, food sources, deficiency syndromes, potential for toxicity, and relationship to chronic disease.. We searched MEDLINE for English-language articles about vitamins in relation to chronic diseases and their references published from 1966 through January 11, 2002.. We reviewed articles jointly for the most clinically important information, emphasizing randomized trials where available.. Our review of 9 vitamins showed that elderly people, vegans, alcohol-dependent individuals, and patients with malabsorption are at higher risk of inadequate intake or absorption of several vitamins. Excessive doses of vitamin A during early pregnancy and fat-soluble vitamins taken anytime may result in adverse outcomes. Inadequate folate status is associated with neural tube defect and some cancers. Folate and vitamins B(6) and B(12) are required for homocysteine metabolism and are associated with coronary heart disease risk. Vitamin E and lycopene may decrease the risk of prostate cancer. Vitamin D is associated with decreased occurrence of fractures when taken with calcium.. Some groups of patients are at higher risk for vitamin deficiency and suboptimal vitamin status. Many physicians may be unaware of common food sources of vitamins or unsure which vitamins they should recommend for their patients. Vitamin excess is possible with supplementation, particularly for fat-soluble vitamins. Inadequate intake of several vitamins has been linked to chronic diseases, including coronary heart disease, cancer, and osteoporosis

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Blood Coagulation; Breast Neoplasms; Carotenoids; Chronic Disease; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coronary Disease; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Neoplasms; Neural Tube Defects; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin E Deficiency; Vitamin K Deficiency; Vitamins

Vitamin supplementation in large dosages is increasingly common in the older population. Often, such supplementation is used in an attempt to improve an individual's health status. There have been claims that the effects of vitamins halt the normal aging process or prevent and cure disease. However, several recent studies have failed to demonstrate the efficacy of vitamin supplementation in preventing several types of cancer. In moderate dosages, supplementation with vitamin E (tocopherols) shows promise as a lipid antioxidant, and may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. However, before vitamin E becomes an accepted medical therapy, further long term studies must be undertaken to examine the safety and efficacy of such therapy. An adequate intake of vitamins should be ensured by adherence to a well balanced diet. However, the elderly are prone to circumstances that may prevent them from eating a balanced diet. In addition, there are several age-related medical conditions that may predispose individuals to dietary and vitamin deficiencies. To prevent vitamin deficiency diseases and their associated morbidity, modest vitamin supplementation may be necessary. However, supplementation should be reserved for individuals with documented deficiency or who are at risk of developing such deficiencies, especially those who are homebound or institutionalised. Vitamins taken in large dosages should be considered as drugs. These medicines, which are obtainable over-the-counter, should be carefully regulated to prevent toxicity.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Carotenoids; Dietary Supplements; Drug Interactions; Humans; Middle Aged; Retinoids; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Nutritional status conditions immunity in man whom malnutrition is often associated with diminished immunocompetence and increased susceptibility to infection. Among micronutrients, vitamins A, C, E and carotenoids notably have special influence: they provide good cellular and tissular physiological behaviour; they also protect tissues against reactive oxygen species, and enhance immune response.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Carotenoids; Humans; Immune System; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Nutritional Requirements; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Vitamins contain reactive functional groups necessary to their established roles as coenzymes and reducing agents. Their reactive potential may produce injury if vitamin concentration, distribution, or metabolism is altered. However, identification of vitamin toxicity has been difficult. The only well-established human vitamin neurotoxic effects are those due to hypervitaminosis A (pseudotumor cerebri) and pyridoxine (sensory neuropathy). In each case, the neurological effects of vitamin deficiency and vitamin excess are similar. Closely related to the neurological symptoms of hypervitaminosis A are symptoms including headache, pseudotumor cerebri, and embryotoxic effects reported in patients given vitamin A analogs or retinoids. Most tissues contain retinoic acid (RA) and vitamin D receptors, members of a steroid receptor superfamily known to regulate development and gene expression. Vitamin D3 effects on central nervous system (CNS) gene expression are predictable, in addition to the indirect effects owing to its influence on calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Folates and thiamine cause seizures and excitation when administered in high dosage directly into the brain or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of experimental animals but have rarely been reported to cause human neurotoxicity, although fatal reactions to i.v. thiamine are well known. Ascorbic acid influences CNS function after peripheral administration and influences brain cell differentiation and 2-deoxyglucose accumulation by cultured glial cells. Biotin influences gene expression in animals that are not vitamin-deficient and alters astrocyte glucose utilization. The multiple enzymes and binding proteins involved in regeneration of retinal vitamin A illustrate the complexity of vitamin processing in the body. Vitamin A toxicity is also a good general model of vitamin neurotoxicity, because it shows the importance of the ratio of vitamin and vitamin-binding proteins in producing vitamin toxicity and of CNS permeability barriers. Because vitamin A and analogs enter the CNS better than most vitamins, and because retinoids have many effects on enzyme activity and gene expression, Vitamin A neurotoxicity is more likely than that of most, perhaps all other vitamins. Megadose vitamin therapy may cause injury that is confused with disease symptoms. High vitamin intake is more hazardous to peripheral organs than to the nervous system, because CNS vitamin entry is restricted. Vitamin administration into the br

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Blood-Brain Barrier; Carrier Proteins; Coenzymes; Drug Interactions; Folic Acid; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Liver; Methotrexate; Nervous System Diseases; Oxidation-Reduction; Pseudotumor Cerebri; Pyridoxine; Self Medication; Vitamin A; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Calcium; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Collagen; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Osteocalcin; Retinol-Binding Proteins; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Chronic alcoholics frequently have evidence of nutritional deficiency due to decreased intake, reduced uptake and impaired utilisation of nutrients. The alcoholic has increased nutrient requirements due to greater metabolic demands and the need for tissue repair. Chronic alcohol-related brain damage can often be a direct result of nutrient depletion, particularly of the vitamins thiamine, B12, nicotinamide and pyridoxine. Lesser degrees of brain damage are frequently unrecognised, and by the time a vitamin deficiency syndrome has developed and been diagnosed, irreversible damage has often occurred. The development of suitable computerised psychometric tests may allow earlier detection of brain malfunction associated with malnutrition, which can be reversed by nutrient repletion before permanent damage occurs. Circulating levels of vitamins can be a valuable guide to nutritional status, although care is needed when interpreting the results of such tests in the alcoholic. Sensitive microbiological and biochemical tests for assessing vitamin status in man have been available for some years, and in addition, new biochemical methods are constantly being developed. It is important that such methods are evaluated, and possibly adapted for clinical use where appropriate. Newer methods may have significant advantages over older, more established techniques. For thiamine and pyridoxine, for example, methods now exist to determine accurately circulating levels of the active forms of these vitamins, which could give more direct assessment of vitamin status than earlier methodology that uses indirect measurements, such as red cell enzyme activities. On the other hand, in the case of folate and B12, there has been a tendency to opt for the easy-to-perform radioassay techniques, when in fact the earlier microbiological methods offer greater sensitivity and probably also better accuracy. Technically difficult assays should not be disregarded if they can give information which is of greater clinical use than a simpler assay technique. Clinical laboratories should always bear in mind what their vitamin methods are actually measuring, particular consideration being given to whether metabolically inactive forms or analogues are determined in the assay. This can be of importance to the interpretation of vitamin data in the alcoholic, who often has problems forming active vitamins from their precursors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Topics: Alcoholism; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Ethanol; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional Requirements; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Optimum nutrition is the level of intake that should promote the highest level of health. Although excess caloric intake will lead to obesity, a deficit in nutrition may result in a tissue depletion of essential nutrients that can lead to biochemical changes and eventually to clinical signs and symptoms. Nutrition requirements may differ according to sex, age, activity, or physiological state and can be influenced by drugs, smoking, alcohol, and other factors. With ever-increasing sedentary life styles and less physically demanding jobs, the resulting reduced caloric requirements have made it more difficult to make nutritionally sound food choices. Nutrition is the single most important component of preventive health care. Diet has been associated with cancer, heart disease, diabetes, stroke and hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and cirrhosis of the liver. The ability of the human to respond to stresses, such as altitude, heat, trauma, surgery, and infection can be influenced by nutritional status. Nutritional status is reflected in a variety of metabolic processes that provide the basis for a number of methods for its assessment.

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Climate; Dietary Fats; Female; Folic Acid; Food Additives; Health; Humans; Immunocompetence; Lactation; Male; Neoplasms; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Obesity; Physical Exertion; Pregnancy; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Smoking; Stress, Physiological; Thiamine; Trace Elements; Vitamin A; Vitamins; Zinc

Topics: Aged; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Calcium; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Thrombosis; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Australia; Avitaminosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Sports; United Kingdom; United States; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Birth Weight; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Iron; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Aged; Aging; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Calcium, Dietary; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Folic Acid; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Milk; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Blood Vessels; Cushing Syndrome; Diagnosis, Differential; Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome; Hemophilia A; Hemorrhagic Disorders; Humans; Purpura; Telangiectasia, Hereditary Hemorrhagic; Thrombocytopenia; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Vitamin C is an essential micronutrient playing crucial roles in human biology. Hypovitaminosis C is defined by a plasmatic ascorbemia below 23 µmol/L and is associated with numerous outcomes such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers or neurocognitive disorders. Numerous risk factors are common among older adults making them particularly susceptible to hypovitaminosis C. These risk factors include reduced vitamin intakes, higher vitamin metabolism related to polypathology, and iatrogeny because of polypharmacy. However, the precise prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and its risk factors are poorly documented within the geriatric population.A better knowledge of hypovitaminosis C prevalence and risk factor may lead to improving the vitamin C status among older people and prevent its consequences.. To answer these questions, we designed a monocentric cross-sectional study in a population of older hospitalised patients in Lyon, France. A sample size of 385 patients was needed to estimate hypovitaminosis C prevalence. The study was proposed to all eligible patient aged more than 75 years old entering the participating acute geriatric unit. The plasmatic vitamin C status was systematically assessed for participating patients, and variables part of the medical and geriatric evaluation were collected. For patients with severe vitamin C depletion, an oral supplementation and a follow-up phone call were organised to ensure treatment completion and tolerance.. The protocol has been approved by an independent national ethics committee and meets the methodological requirements. Final outcomes will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated through conferences.. NCT05668663.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cross-Sectional Studies; France; Humans; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Vitamins

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an increasingly common problem for women in the reproductive age throughout the entire world. A reduction diet with a low glycaemic index (GI) has proved to support the treatment of PCOS. The aim of the study was to analyse the influence of the diet on the level of vitamins soluble in water. The study included 55 women, 40 of which suffered from PCOS (identified by means of the Rotterdam Criteria) and 15 healthy women of the Caucasian race. The level of vitamins before and after the dietary intervention was measured. The diet was a reduction diet with a reduced glycaemic index (GI). Biochemical analyses were made on the basis of liquid chromatography-Infinity 1260 Binary liquid chromatography (LC) Agilent Technology. The level of vitamins in the serum was analysed together with the consumption before and after the dietary intervention. A higher level of vitamin C in the plasma was observed before and after the dietary intervention in the PCOS group in comparison to the control group despite the lower intake of this vitamin in the PCOS group. The remaining vitamins were at a comparable or lower level (B1, B3, B5, B6 and B12). After the dietary intervention, only B1 and B9 were at a clearly lower level (a trend of

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Supplements; Female; Glycemic Index; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Treatment Outcome; Vitamins

People with kidney failure are often deficient in zinc and selenium, but little is known about the optimal way to correct such deficiency.. We did a double-blind randomized trial evaluating the effects of zinc (Zn), selenium (Se) and vitamin E added to the standard oral renal vitamin supplement (B and C vitamins) among hemodialysis patients in Alberta, Canada. We evaluated the effect of two daily doses of the new supplement (medium dose: 50 mg Zn, 75 mcg Se, 250 IU vitamin E; low dose: 25 mg Zn, 50 mcg Se, 250 IU vitamin E) compared to the standard supplement on blood concentrations of Se and Zn at 90 days (primary outcome) and 180 days (secondary outcome) as well as safety outcomes.. We enrolled 150 participants. The proportion of participants with low zinc status (blood level <815 ug/L) did not differ between the control group and the two intervention groups at 90 days (control 23.9% vs combined intervention groups 23.9%, P > 0.99) or 180 days (18.6% vs 28.2%, P = 0.24). The proportion with low selenium status (blood level <121 ug/L) was similar for controls and the combined intervention groups at 90 days (32.6 vs 19.6%, P = 0.09) and 180 days (34.9% vs 23.5%, P = 0.17). There were no significant differences in the risk of adverse events between the groups.. Supplementation with low or medium doses of zinc and selenium did not correct low zinc or selenium status in hemodialysis patients. Future studies should consider higher doses of zinc (≥75 mg/d) and selenium (≥100 mcg/d) with the standard supplement.. Registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01473914).

Topics: Aged; Alberta; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Deficiency Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Renal Dialysis; Selenium; Trace Elements; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin E; Vitamins; Zinc

Hypovitaminosis C and D are highly prevalent in acute-care hospitals. Malnutrition with regard to these vitamins has been linked to mood disturbance and cognitive dysfunction.. The objective was to determine whether vitamin C or D supplementation improves mood state or reduces psychological distress in acutely hospitalized patients with a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and D.. A randomized, double-blind, active-control clinical trial compared the effects of vitamin C (500 mg twice daily) with those of high-dose vitamin D (5000 IU/d) on mood (Profile of Mood States) and psychological distress (Distress Thermometer).. Vitamin C provided for a mean of 8.2 d increased plasma vitamin C concentrations to normal (P < 0.0001) and was associated with a 71% reduction in mood disturbance (P = 0.0002) and a 51% reduction in psychological distress (P = 0.0002). High-dose vitamin D provided for a mean of 8.1 d increased plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations (P < 0.0001), but not into the normal range, and had insignificant effects on mood (P = 0.067) and distress (P = 0.45). The changes in mood and distress in the vitamin C group were greater than those in the vitamin D group (P = 0.045 for mood; P = 0.009 for distress).. Short-term therapy with vitamin C improves mood and reduces psychological distress in acutely hospitalized patients with a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis C and D. No conclusion is possible regarding the effects of vitamin D because the dose and duration of therapy were insufficient to raise 25(OH)D concentrations into the normal range. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01630720.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Stress, Psychological; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Authors revealed considerable decrease substance of vitamins at patients with chronic tonsillitis in depending on degree of difficulty illness and presence of complication. Content of vitamins B1, B2 and C is decreased more than rest. Results of immune investigations register lowering phagocytic activity of leucocyte and cell immunity at patient with chronic tonsillitis in the presence of the complication.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Leukocytes; Male; Palatine Tonsil; Phagocytosis; Riboflavin; Saliva; Thiamine; Tonsillitis

In a population of schoolchildren aged 12-15 years in which biochemical deficiencies of vitamin C, riboflavin and pyridoxine affected 30.0, 33.9 and 17.2 per cent of subjects respectively, a small but statistically significant correlation was found between VO2max and vitamin C, riboflavin, vitamin A, and parameters of iron nutrition status. The administration of tablets containing 70.0 mg ascorbic acid, 2.0 mg riboflavin and 2.0 mg pyridoxine resulted in a statistically significant reduction in prevalence of vitamin deficiency, and in a small but statistically significant increase in VO2max. No such changes were observed in the untreated control groups. When data from both the experimental and control groups were pooled and analysed together, the results showed that the increase in VO2max was associated with an increase in plasma vitamin C level, in erythrocyte riboflavin content and in blood haemoglobin level. On the basis of presented data, it is not possible to conclude whether the increase in VO2max was the result of correction of vitamin deficiency per se or was due to its effect on resorption and utilization of dietary iron.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Child; Health Status; Humans; Iron; Male; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Exertion; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency

Women who had previously given birth to one or more infants with a neural-tube defect (NTD) were recruited into a trial of periconceptional multivitamin supplementation. 1 of 178 infants/fetuses of fully supplemented mothers (0.6%) had an NTD, compared with 13 of 260 infants/fetuses of unsupplemented mothers (5.0%).

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Female; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neural Tube Defects; Niacinamide; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontium; Radiography

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Placebos; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Aged; Anemia; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cognition Disorders; Contusions; Diagnosis, Differential; Diet; Dizziness; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Melena; Scurvy

This study examined incidence rates, temporal trends, and demographic factors associated with vitamin deficiencies/disorders in all United States military personnel from 1997 to 2015 (mean N = 1,382,266/year).. Employing an ecological study design, the Defense Medical Epidemiological Database and specific International Classification of Diseases codes were used to determine incidence rates for clinically-diagnosed vitamin deficiencies/disorders. Associations with demographic factors were examined.. The overall rate of clinically-diagnosed vitamin deficiencies and disorders was low but higher in women and minority subgroups. As for most illnesses, the diagnosed incidence of such disorders may be an underestimate of the actual incidence. These findings can guide clinical decision making with regard to testing for nutritional deficiencies and delivering public health information to at risk populations.. (No. ISRCTN58987177 ). Registration date 9 October 2019.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Female; Humans; Military Personnel; United States; Vitamin A; Vitamins

Hospital mortality of severe sepsis and septic shock is still around 40 % according to recent studies. In accordance to the current sepsis definition, sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated response of the organism to infection. Septic shock is defined by vasopressor-dependent circulatory failure and lactic acidosis. Patients with sepsis and septic shock are often old and/or characterized by severe comorbidities, e. g. tumor or liver disease. These factors also predispose to malnutrition and hence to a corresponding deficiency of essential nutritional components e. g. vitamins. A number of recent studies and reviews have addressed the question whether deficiencies in certain vitamins may facilitate the transition from infection to septic shock. In addition, studies have investigated the effect of high-dose vitamin therapies on sepsis mortality and sepsis-associated organ dysfunctions. This article would like to summarize this current discussion with a focus on vitamin B. Vitamin C besitzt multiple biologische Funktionen, die sich im Rahmen einer Sepsis günstig auswirken könnten. Die Applikation von hochdosiertem Vitamin C in Kombination mit Thiamin und Hydrokortison war in einer viel diskutierten, 2017 veröffentlichten klinischen Studie mit einer drastischen Senkung der Sepsisletalität assoziiert. In mehreren prospektiven randomisierten Studien wird die Wirksamkeit dieses Therapiekonzepts derzeit unabhängig voneinander überprüft.. Auch der Einsatz von Vitamin D

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Sepsis; Vitamin D; Vitamin K

In the past several years, the consumption of high-energy, nutrient-poor foods has increased globally. Dietary intake data collected by the National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT) 2012 provide information to assess the quality of the Mexican diet and to guide food and nutrition policy.. The aim was to describe the usual intake and the prevalence of inadequate intakes of vitamins for the overall Mexican population and by subgroups defined by sex, age, region, urban or rural areas, and socioeconomic status (SES).. ENSANUT 2012 is a cross-sectional probabilistic survey representative of the Mexican population. Dietary information was collected by using the 24-h recall automated multiple-pass method (n = 10,096) with a repeated measurement on a subsample (n = 889) to permit adjustment for intraindividual variability with the use of the Iowa State University method. Mean usual intakes and the prevalence of inadequate intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and vitamins A, D, E, C, B-6, and B-12 were calculated for children aged 1-4 y (CH1-4y), children aged 5-11 y (CH5-11y), adolescents aged 12-19 y, and adults aged ≥20 y.. In all of the age groups, prevalences of inadequate intakes of vitamins D and E were the highest (77-99% of adults and adolescents and 53-95% of CH5-11y and CH1-4y) and those of folate and vitamin A were intermediate (47-70% of adults and adolescents, 15-23% of CH5-11y and 8-13% of CH1-4y), whereas those of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamins B-6, B-12, and C were the lowest (0-37% of adults, 1-27% of adolescents, and 0-2.4% of CH5-11y and CH1-4y). With few exceptions, the highest prevalences of inadequate intakes for vitamins were observed in the poorest populations (rural South region and the lowest tertile of SES).. The intake of vitamins among Mexicans is inadequate overall. Information collected by ENSANUT can help target food assistance programs and develop strategies to prevent vitamin deficiencies.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Male; Mexico; Niacin; Nutrition Assessment; Nutrition Surveys; Prevalence; Riboflavin; Rural Population; Socioeconomic Factors; Thiamine; Urban Population; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamins; Young Adult

Bone loss has been established as a major extra-intestinal complication of short bowel syndrome (SBS). The purpose of this study was to correlate bone mineral density (BMD) with body mass index (BMI), serum vitamin and mineral levels in patients with SBS.. The study was conducted on 13 patients (8 male and 5 female, 54.7 ± 11.4 years) with SBS (residual small bowel length of 10 to 100 cm). We determined the food ingestion, anthropometry, serum levels of vitamins C, A, D, E and K, as well as serum and urinary levels of phosphorus and calcium. BMD was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).. Osteopenia and osteoporosis was diagnosed in all but one SBS patient. Serum levels of vitamin D were low in all volunteers. Sixty-one percent of patients had vitamin E deficiency; hypovitaminosis A and C occurred in one subject. BMI and C, E and K vitamin serum levels correlated with T-score of BMD.. Osteopenia and osteoporosis were common in SBS patients. There was a correlation between BMD and the serum levels of vitamins C, E and K, an indicative that such vitamins may influence bone health.

Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Calcium; Cross-Sectional Studies; Energy Intake; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Phosphorus; Reference Values; Short Bowel Syndrome; Time Factors; Vitamin E; Vitamin K

Antioxidant vitamins such as alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and beta-carotene (provitamin A), play a significant role in protecting the body from an excess of free radicals. The vitamin content of the diet is thus very important.. To assess whether the dietary intake of vitamins A, C and E is adequate in a selected group of adolescents living in Warsaw.. The mean vitamin consumption was estimated using three-day dietary records whilst vitamin contents of selected foodstuffs were obtained from Food Composition Tables. Both were related to Polish nutrition standards applied to adolescents; i.e. EAR (Estimated Average Requirement) for vitamins A and C and AI (Adequate Intake) for vitamin E.. Dietary vitamin C in adolescents and vitamin E in girls were around 18-25% lower than that recommended. Diets that were deficient in vitamins C and E were recorded in 47% to 67% adolescents.. It is therefore necessary to increase the consumption of vegetables and fruit which provide a valuable dietary source for these vitamins.

Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; beta Carotene; Female; Fruit; Humans; Male; Nutritional Status; Poland; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Vegetables; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

In rats with profound vitamin deficiency, blood plasma level of triglycerides significantly decreased by 1.6 times, potassium ions by 5%, uric acid by 23%, ALT and AST by 1.4 times, while the levels of glucose increased by 32%, iron by 31%, urea by 58%, and alkaline phosphatase by 19%. Plasma level of phosphorus tended to decrease and ionized calcium concentration tended to increase. Severe deficiency of all vitamins is accompanied by pronounced accumulation of MDA in the plasma and liver together with simultaneous increase in the level of coenzyme Q10 by 4.6 times and decrease in vitamin C content by 21.4% in the rat liver compared to the control. It was found that severe combined deficiency of vitamins for 4 weeks produced considerable multidirectional alterations in diagnostically important metabolic parameters in rat plasma.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Ubiquinone

Deficiencies of essential nutrients have been responsible for many epidemic outbreaks of deficiency diseases in the past. Large observational studies point at possible links between nutrition and chronic diseases. Low intake of antioxidant vitamins e. g. have been correlated to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases or cancer. The main results of these studies are indications that an intake below the recommendation could be one of the risk factors for chronic diseases. There was hardly any evidence that amounts above the RDA could be of additional benefit. Since observational studies cannot prove causality, the scientific community has been asking for placebo-controlled, randomized intervention trials (RCTs). Thus, the consequences of the epidemiological studies would have been to select volunteers whose baseline vitamin levels were below the recommended values. The hypothesis of the trial should be that correcting this risk factor up to RDA levels lowers the risk of a disease like CVD by 20 - 30 %. However, none of the RCTs of western countries was designed to correct a chronic marginal deficiency, but they rather tested whether an additional supplement on top of the recommended values would be beneficial in reducing a disease risk or its prognosis. It was, therefore, not surprising that the results were disappointing. As a matter of fact, the results confirmed the findings of the observational studies: chronic diseases are the product of several risk factors, among them most probably a chronic vitamin deficiency. Vitamin supplements could only correct the part of the overall risk that is due to the insufficient vitamin intake.

Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; beta Carotene; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chronic Disease; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Nutrition Policy; Prognosis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Iron depletion is a well-known side effect of blood donation. Research evidence also suggests an increasing prevalence of vitamin deficiency in apparently healthy subjects, but there is little information regarding the relationship between blood donation and vitamin status. A total of 217 volunteers (80 first-time and 137 repeat blood donors) were consecutively enrolled in the study. All subjects completed self-administered medical history and food intake forms, which included questions regarding alcohol consumption and smoking as well as on vitamin supplement, iron and contraceptive use (females). Vitamin B6, folic acid, vitamin B12 and biotin levels were measured using standard techniques. The mean vitamin levels of first-time and repeat blood donors did not significantly differ. Vitamin deficiencies occurred in both first-time and repeat blood donors but not on vitamin supplements. Vitamin status was affected by alcohol, nicotine and contraceptives. Blood donation does not decrease the level of water-soluble vitamins. Vitamin deficiencies occur in apparently healthy first-time as well as in repeat blood donors and can be prevented by vitamin supplementation.

Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Biotin; Blood Donors; Contraceptives, Oral; Dietary Supplements; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Smoking; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

The aim of paper was to assess the vitamins of low physically active women (n=100). The information about vitamins intake were collected using 24-hour recall and diet history questionnaire. The intake of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 was too low. Vitamin B1--64.7% recommended level, vitamin B2--81.2% recommended level, vitamin B6--72.2% recommended level, niacin--63.5% recommended level and folacin--71.8% recommended level. The study showed unsatisfactory low consumption of milk and dietary products, cereal products, vegetables and fruits.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Exercise; Feeding Behavior; Female; Food Analysis; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Life Style; Middle Aged; Poland; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin E; Vitamins; Women's Health

Principle differences in vitamin C, B2, B6, A, E and carotenoids sufficiency of healthy suffering from gastrointestinal diseases (gastric and duodenal ulcer, chronic gastritis, dyskinesia bile tracts) ulc adults and children has not been determined by means of the statistic analysis including such parameters as median, mode, insufficiency frequency, curves of vitamin blood plasma concentration distribution. Polyhypovitaminosis frequency among patients is a result of low vitamin content in reduced diets but not reflect vitamin metabolism alteration.

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Carotenoids; Child; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Diet; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Riboflavin; Tocopherols; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin E; Vitamins

The investigation of vitamin sufficiency of young basket-ball players 14-16 years old (17 girls and 14 boys) has been carried out 59-77 per cent of the children had the deficiency of B group vitamins, 24-54 per cent--vitamin E insufficiency, most of them (82-100 per cent)--deficit of carotenoids while they were sufficiently vitamins C and A supplied. The girls were supplied with vitamins better than boys. There was no one adequately supplied with all vitamins among boys while 12 per cent of girls had adequately sufficiency. The girls had deficit of 1-2 vitamins more often whereas the combined insufficiency of 3-4 vitamins took place in 1.8-2.3 fold more frequently among boys. Daily intake of multivitamin containing 10 vitamins in daily recommended doses, lipoic acid, methionin and 9 minerals by boys lead to their blood plasma vitamin C, E, B-2 and beta-carotene level increase. Vitamin C insufficiency disappeared. Deficit of beta-carotene and vitamin B-6 became 1.5 fold rarely, vitamin B-2--2 fold, vitamin E--6 fold. Thus daily intake of recommended doses of vitamins eliminates biochemical signs of vitamin deficiency.

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Basketball; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Male; Reference Values; Russia; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

We have conducted studies with juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) over a period of 20 weeks to address the question of the interaction between water- and lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins. Fish (2.25+/-0.14 g) were divided into twelve groups, and triplicate groups were fed one of four casein-based, semi-purified diets formulated to contain low or high vitamin E levels of either 5 or 160 mg/kg without or with vitamin C supplementation (250 mg/kg). Diets were designated as -C-E, -C+E, +C-E, or +C+E, respectively. The fish fed the +C+E diet showed significantly higher weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency than the groups fed vitamin C-deficient diets. Total ascorbate concentrations of liver were significantly higher in fish fed vitamin C-supplemented diets than in fish fed the vitamin C-deficient diet after 16 and 20 weeks. The liver alpha-tocopherol concentrations were increased by supplemental vitamin C in vitamin E-deficient dietary groups which indicates a sparing or regenerating effect of vitamin C on vitamin E. Fish fed vitamin C-deficient diets (-C-E and -C+E) exhibited severe deficiency symptoms, such as scoliosis, lens cataracts, anorexia, and haemorrhages. The cumulative mortality was significantly higher in the -C-E groups. The thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances value was significantly higher in blood plasma of fish fed a diet unsupplemented with both vitamins. The findings in the present study with yellow perch support the hypothesis that vitamin C regenerates and/or spares vitamin E in vivo.

Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet; Eating; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Perches; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Tissue Distribution; Vitamin E; Weight Gain

The author investigated 28 patients with chronic tonsillitis. The fungi sort Candida on the tonsils was discovered at 10 (35.72) patients, the bacterial flora was discovered at the other patients. There were more considerable decrease content of vitamins B2, C, methylnicotinamide and methylmalonic acid in the urine, vitamins B2 and methylnicotinamide in the saliva, vitamins A and B1 in the serum of the blood in the group of the patients with the fungus flora on the tonsils. It was discovered the decrease of numbers of lymphocytes CD8 and level of immunoglobulins G and M, disimmunoglobulinemia in this group. This decrease of the vitamins, cell and humoral immunity level leads to disbacteriosis, decompensation of the disease and development of the complications.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Chronic Disease; Female; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Leukocytes; Male; Methylmalonic Acid; Photosensitizing Agents; Pyridoxic Acid; Riboflavin; Saliva; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Thiamine; Tonsillitis; Vitamins

The results of use of a treatment-and-prophylactic product "Solnyshko" in people's food as well as pharmacological preparations containing b-carotene and ascorbic acid were submitted. It was shown that at the use of the specified product and pharmacological preparations there is an authentic improvement of b-carotene and ascorbic acid supply.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; beta Carotene; Dietary Proteins; Food, Fortified; Humans; Middle Aged

Dietary modification is indispensable part of obesity treatment.. Assessment of vitamins supply in overweight and obese adults in habitual diet and during consuming a low-energy diet (about 1000 kcal/d). The studied group consisted of 67 women and 29 men, aged 20-68, with BMI above 25 kg/m2. Dietary assessment were carried out by 24-hours dietary recall. Intake of vitamin A, E, B1, B2, C, PP were evaluated. At baseline in men the lowest intake was found for vitamin A-87.6% of RDA, in women for vitamin B1--82.8% of RDA and for vitamin PP--90.2% of RDA, respectively. Low percentage of participants met the requirements for assessed vitamins. After 18 weeks of the low-energy diet the mean supply of assessed nutrients was below RDA. Only in subjects with baseline intake covering the requirement supply of nutrients on the low-energy diet was above the RDA level. Implementation of the low-energy diet can resulted in mean low supply of assessed vitamins. It is necessary to provide information for patients on energy value as well as nutritional value of food products. Subjects need consistent evaluation of realization of the low-energy diet.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet Records; Diet Surveys; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Poland; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins

The study was carried out on the hypothesis that drug addicts would have reduced vitamin E, C and A status which could be influenced by drug habit, sexual practice and lifestyle factors.. Serum concentrations of Vitamin E, C and A of male drug addicts and cohort controls were analysed, and influence of drug habit, sexual practice and lifestyle factors of the addicts on the vitamin status was assessed. The study was conducted among 253 drug addicts who sought detoxification voluntarily during the period of June 1997 to July 1998 at the Central Drug Addiction Treatment Hospital, Dhaka, and 100 cohort control men. Research instruments were questionnaire and blood specimens. HPLC and spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the vitamin levels in sera of drug addicts.. alpha-Tocopherol (12.60+/-3.73 compared with 16.3+/-3.37 micromol/l; t=8.6, P=0.05), ascorbic acid (21.59+/-10.5 compared with 38.3+/-13.62 micromol/l; t=10.93, P=0.003) and retinol (1.15+/-0.39 compared with 1.33+/-0.30 micromol/l; t=5.28, P=0.048) in the drug addicts were significantly low as compared to those in the cohort controls. Use of multiple illicit drugs for a longer period of time did result in reduced levels of these vitamins. A significant reduction in retinol concentration was noted among the multiple drug users (F(2,250)=3.23, P=0.041). Duration of addiction had a significant linear correlation with the level of reduction in retinol (F(2,250)=3.23, P=0.041) and alpha-tocopherol (F(2,250)=3.06, P=0.049). Apart from having a significant negative correlation between number of sexual partners and retinol level (F(3,247)=2.65, P=0.049), sexual practice did not have any influence on the vitamin status of the addicts. Occupation did have a significant effect on the ascorbic acid level (F(4,248)=2.46, P=0.046), but other socioeconomic factors like income, age etc did not influence the vitamin E, C and A levels. Body mass index had a positive linear correlation with the vitamins, but it was significant only with vitamin C (F(2,250)=7.06, P=0.001).. These results could have important implications for providing an antioxidant therapy to drug addicts and thus rehabilitating them into normal life. Risk of HIV infection and transmission (if any) could be reduced or inhibited.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Case-Control Studies; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cohort Studies; Humans; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Sexual Behavior; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

The comparative study of influence of two biologically active food additives with the different contents of vitamins is carried out: a drink "Zolotoi Shar", the dose of vitamins in which makes 50-90% from recommended daily consumption, and "Vitabalance 2000", the contents of vitamins in which at 2-17 of time exceeds need of organism. The use of both additives within 3 weeks resulted in increase of levels of vitamins C, A, E, B2, B6 and carotenoids in blood serum. However if in case of consumption of a drink an authentic level was reached only for vitamin C and beta-carotene, in a case "Vitabalance 2000" for all investigated vitamins except vitamin A. Thus, if the consumption of a drink has lowered frequency of deficiency of 3-4 vitamins, but has not allowed to liquidate it completely, in case of "Vitabalance 2000" consumption the simultaneous deficiency 3-4 vitamins. The received data allow to believe the biologically active food additives containing vitamins in amounts exceeding recommended consumption, are convenient for fast liquidation of hypovitaminoses, and the preparations containing vitamins in doses making 30-50% from need of organism, are acceptable for daily filling of insufficient consumption of vitamins with a usual diet for a long time.

Topics: Adenine; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; beta Carotene; Beverages; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Riboflavin; Time Factors; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Significant forms of vitamin deficiencies are rare in Slovak Republic, however mild hypovitaminoses are still relatively frequent and they have negative consequences on the functional status. Vitamins A, C and E represent an important part of the antioxidant defense system acting against free-radical damage. Imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity which leads to free radical damage is considered to be an aetiological factor of ischaemic heart disease and cancer.. The study was focused on assessment of serum levels of vitamins A, C and E in the Slovak population older than 35 y and frequency of decreased levels. Relationship between high prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and high frequency of suboptimal levels of antioxidant vitamins is discussed.. Serum levels of vitamin A and E were assessed by the HPLC method, the levels of vitamin C by the colorimetric method.. Mean levels of vitamin A were 1.85 mumol/l in both sexes (95% c.i. 1.75-1.89 in males, 1.77-1.92 in females). Mean level of vitamin C was 31.36 mumol/l in males (95% c.i. 30.06-32.72), the value observed in females was significantly higher (43.05 mumol/l, 95% c.i. 41.75-44.40). Mean level of vitamin E observed in males (29.2 mumol/l, 95% c.i. 27.62-30.87) was only slightly, not significantly higher than in females (28.11 mumol/l, 95% c.i. 26.45-29.87). Decreased levels of vitamin E were observed only in a small proportion of the sample, however almost one third of males had decreased level of vitamin C and more than 20% had low level of vitamin A. We observed high prevalence of serum levels of vitamins A, C and E suboptimal from the aspect of risk of coronary heart disease and cancer (vitamin A: males 78%, females 75.5%, vitamin E: 41.9 and 49.6%, respectively, vitamin C: 61.8% and 41.1%).. Results indicate that sizeable proportion of population has decreased serum levels of vitamins, males especially of vitamin C and females of vitamin A. According to serum levels of vitamin A, C and E high percentage of population can be ranked into the group with increased risk of CHD and cancer. (Tab. 6, Ref. 29.)

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Slovakia; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

We report a 66 years-old man case that was admitted with abdominal wall hemorrhagic swelling ecchymosis on inferior extremities and perifollicular purpura with hyperkeratosis of the follicles, which gives it an appearance of palpable purpura, together with gingival hemorrhage and moderate anemia. He was a well-nourished sick man but who made a peculiar diet, practically free from fruit and vegetables which developed a pure and serious form of scurvy. We report this case because we consider that the features which appear are illustrative to provide the immediate clinical diagnosis of this uncommon disease, potentially mortal, but easy to diagnose, if we think about it in the adequate clinical contexts, and which it is quickly curable with the administration of ascorbic acid.

Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Ecchymosis; Feeding Behavior; Hematoma; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Scurvy

Vitamins may modulate primary as well as secondary processes of aging. On the other hand, vitamin metabolism itself may be modified by the process of aging or by various chronic diseases connected with aging. On the basis of these multiple interactions the question arises whether the demand for individual vitamins is altered as a consequence of aging. Age-dependent metabolic changes may alter the need for individual vitamins. This is the case for vitamin D, vitamin B6, Riboflavine, and in special subpopulations for vitamin B12. The most important source for a sufficient supply of vitamins is an adequate nutrition. Thus, besides the aforementioned vitamins, insufficient alimentary intake with food plays the most important role in vitamin deficiency in the elderly. Due to age-specific alterations of the vitamin-A metabolism, toxicity of vitamin-A plays a more important role than vitamin-A deficiency. The vitamins A and D as well as vitamin C are discussed in detail.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Middle Aged; Nutritional Requirements; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamins

In general, low dietary intakes can account for much of poor vitamin nutriture reported among various elderly populations. Despite problems in assessing vitamin nutriture in the elderly, the 1980 RDAs for thiamin, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid seem appropriate for those populations. However, RDAs for vitamin A and folate may be too high and the RDAs for vitamin D, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 may be too low, due to specified age-related changes in the metabolism of these vitamins. For vitamin E, vitamin K, niacin, biotin, and pantothenic acid, the data is conflicting and/or insufficient to make a judgment about the appropriateness of the RDAs or to estimate safe and adequate daily intakes for the elderly.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Female; Folic Acid; Food Analysis; Humans; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: 4-Aminobenzoic Acid; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Biotin; Choline; Folic Acid; Inositol; Niacin; Pantothenic Acid; Pyridoxine; Terminology as Topic; Thiamine; Thioctic Acid; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Denture, Complete; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stomatitis, Denture; Vitamin B Complex

Approximately half of the people in the United States take vitamin supplements, and some use alarmingly high doses. In this article, physiological functions of vitamins and the effects of vitamin deficiencies are summarized. Common food sources of vitamins are listed and a suggested daily eating guide is provided to assist in proper food intake. Adding vitamin supplements to a poor diet may alleviate some symptoms of deficiency, but cannot compensate for the lack of other nutrients. For optimum health, balanced, wholesome meals are recommended.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency; Vitamin K; Vitamin K Deficiency; Vitamins

Since nutritional deficiencies might worsen the severity of symptoms and prolong the length of illness in non-nutritional disorders, particularly in the elderly, we examined the nutritional status of 216 elderly women newly admitted to a mental hospital. Compared to healthy elderly women, they had lower values for plasma prealbumin, vitamin C, and B vitamins. This was particularly common in senile dementia, and appeared to be the result of inadequate intake of protein or vitamins. Regular hospital diet for one month corrected the very low levels of prealbumin, but supplements were essential to remove deficiency of the water-soluble vitamins. Although vitamin supplements did not influence the length of stay in hospital, we did not exclude the possibility that nutritional deficiencies have a significant effect on the severity of mental illness.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Dementia; Dietary Proteins; Female; Humans; Mental Disorders; Prealbumin; Protein Deficiency; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamins

Deficiencies of water-soluble vitamins may occur in uremic patients mainly because of restricted consumption and of loss during chronic hemo- and peritoneal dialysis. Although the daily requirement for most vitamins is not well defined in chronic renal failure supplementation of the vitamins thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, niacin and ascorbic acid, the form of one multivitamin preparation without vitamin A as well as folic acid in dialysis patients after each dialysis is recommended. There is no need for vitamin B12, vitamin A and vitamin E.

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Biotin; Folic Acid; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Niacin; Pantothenic Acid; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

The thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin C, vitamin A, folacin, and vitamin B12 nutriture was assessed in a longitudinal study in 206 aged pensioners of the city of Perugia. The prevalence of thiamin and riboflavin malnutrition, particularly in men, was rather high. Unexpectedly low values of plasma vitamin C were not uncommon among men. For folacin there were a large number of individuals with low plasma levels, while the plasma levels of vitamin A and B12 is in general satisfactory. As in other studies, no significant correlation between vitamin nutriture and intake was found.

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Italy; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Riboflavin; Sex Factors; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Brain; Calcium; Drug Synergism; Humans; Minerals; Neurotransmitter Agents; Proteins; Pyridoxine; Vitamin D; Vitamins

The nutritional status of 14 patients with metastatic testicular teratomas was measured longitudinally through four courses of treatment with vinblastine and bleomycin, or vinblastine, bleomycin and cis platinum regimens. On each regimen patients lost weight during each course and did not entirely regain it between courses. The nutritional status with respect to retinol and vitamins E, B1 and B6 also fell during each course. The fall in plasma retinol levels was correlated with a fall in the plasma level of retinol-binding protein (RBP). In patients treated with the vinblastine and bleomycin regimen, plasma retinol levels were higher at the beginning of the fourth course than at the start of the treatment, possibly due to improved synthesis of RBP. In contrast, there was no overall improvement in B1 status.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Bleomycin; Cisplatin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Retinol-Binding Proteins; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Vinblastine; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins

In 10 patients who had been on CAPD for 8.75 months, blood levels of the vitamins A, E, B-complex and C were measured and a precise diet history using food weighing for 3 days was obtained. Plasma vitamin A was elevated in all; since retinol binding protein (RPB) was elevated even more, the ratio of retinol to RBP was low. Vitamin E levels were also high. The vitamins B1, B2 and B6 were measured using erythrocyte enzyme activities. Vitamin B1 was low or borderline in 5, vitamin B6 was decreased in 3 and erythrocyte pyridoxal phosphate in 8 patients. Folic acid was low or borderline in 6 patients, whereas the vitamins B2 and B12 were normal in all. Vitamin C was diminished in 4 patients, and in dialyzate 60% of plasma concentrations were found. The intakes of the vitamins B1, B6 and B12 were below the recommended range. After supplementation of water soluble vitamins for 7 weeks the vitamins A and E remained elevated and B1 remained low, B6 and C had normalized in all and folic acid was markedly elevated. In CAPD decreased blood concentrations of some water soluble vitamins are found due to insufficient dietary intake and loss into dialyzate. Tentative recommendations are given for the replacement of the vitamins B1, B6, folic acid and C.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Thiamine; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin E

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Food, Fortified; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Orthomolecular Therapy; Self Medication; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Cell Wall; Hemostasis; Humans; Pyridoxine; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Vitamins play an essential role in lipid metabolism reactions and their presence is therefore absolutely necessary for these reaction to occur. The effect of pantothenic acid, niacin and riboflavin is here described. By transformation into coenzymes these vitamins are involved in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation reactions. Other vitamins, like vitamin B12, folic acid, vitamin C, and essential fatty acids influence lipid metabolism by different mechanisms. Coenzyme B12 and folate coenzyme provide to balance, by methionine synthesis, the pool of methyl radicals necessary for phospholipid biosynthesis. By its involvement in the microsomal respiratory chain, vitamin C promotes cholesterol transformation into bile acids. The essential fatty acids, mainly linoleic acid, are directly connected with cholesterol transport and plasma cholesterol decrease. It is suggested that many lipid metabolism disorders may be due to primary and secondary hypovitaminosis. Nicotinic acid and its derivatives have a particular pharmacological effect since they cause a HDL increase with LDL decrease and improve cholesterol transfer from LDL to HDL. Results of several experiments on the influence of pantothenic acid on polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism are eventually reported, and these data are related to the effect of the administration of vitamin C at high doses on total cholesterol, triglyceride, lipoprotein, vitamin C and fatty acids of the different plasma lipid fractions.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cholesterol; Coenzymes; Fatty Acids; Folic Acid; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins; Middle Aged; Niacin; Pantothenic Acid; Riboflavin; Vitamins

In order to examine the nutritional status of the population of Linxian (in Henan, China) known to be at high risk for esophageal cancer (EC), we analyzed blood samples and conducted 3-day dietary surveys on 3 groups of normal adults, age 40-50, from Henan province. Two groups were from Linxian, where the EC mortality rate is about 138/100,000 (Group C, consisting of volunteers with a family history of EC, and Group NC, consisting of those who did not have a family history of EC). The third group, Group F, was from Fanxian, where the EC mortality rate is about 24/100,000. The average plasma retinol level was found to be about 0.27 micrograms/ml in all 3 groups; about 13%-20% of the individuals had a level less than 0.2 micrograms/ml. The average plasma carotene level of all 3 groups appeared to be adequate, ranging from 0.5-1.0 micrograms/ml. About 23% of the subjects in both Groups C and NC had low (less than 2 micrograms/ml) plasma ascorbate levels; in Group F, 16% had low ascorbate levels. Less than 12% of the individuals in each of the 3 groups had erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficients less than 1.2, indicating a widely occurring riboflavin deficiency. Consumption of alcoholic beverages was not found to be a contributing factor to EC. The results of the present study reveal a deficiency of vitamins in the study populations, but do not indicate that the average nutritional status of the volunteers in Group C was worse than that of Groups NC and F with regard to vitamin A, ascorbate, and riboflavin.

Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Carotenoids; China; Diet; Diet Surveys; Esophageal Neoplasms; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Riboflavin; Risk; Vitamin A

1. A group of 129 patients with chronic alcoholism were assessed for their nutritional status with respect to certain minerals and vitamins, and compared with control subjects. 2. In all subjects the plasma values were normal for calcium, magnesium and zinc. 3. As in other studies a seasonal variation was found in the plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the control subjects and the alcoholic subjects; in all seasons lower levels were found in the alcoholics than in the controls, but none of the alcoholic patients had results in the range found in osteomalacia. 4. The alcoholic subjects had low levels of ascorbic acid both in the plasma and in the leucocytes. 5. Although vitamin A and beta-carotene levels were within the reference range, the results in alcoholics were found to be lower than in the control subjects. 6. We suggest that subclinical vitamin deficiencies other than thiamine deficiency contribute to the cerebral impairment frequently found in alcoholism.

Topics: 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Amnestic Disorder; Alcoholism; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Calcium; Carotenoids; Female; Humans; Hydroxycholecalciferols; Leukocyte Count; Magnesium; Male; Middle Aged; Seasons; Zinc

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hospitalization; Humans; Liver Diseases; Male; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Cote d'Ivoire; Diet; Folic Acid; Humans; Nicotinic Acids; Parasitic Diseases; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Many drugs produce vitamin deficiencies. They belong to the most important and common therapeutical classes: analgesics, antianemics, antibacterial and antiblastic agents, antibiotics, antidiabetics, antimalarials, antiphlogistics, antipyretics, diuretics, laxatives and purgatives, tranquilizers and anticonvulsives, radiomimetics, hormones and vitamins themselves. The vitamin deprivation processes may be produced by a variety of mechanisms and may involve all vitamins. Recent experiments indicate that there is a competition for binding sites on proteins between vitamin C and salicylate and between dicoumarol and vitamin K. Usually a drug exerts a "devitaminizing" action with respect to only one vitamin. However there are examples of multiple vitamin deficiencies induced by a single drug, like salicylate which deprives the organism of vitamins C, K and pantothenate. These deficiencies may develop either all at the same time or successively. A direct and concomitant vitamin depriving action occurs when an antibiotic blocks the production of vitamins by the enteric flora. A different mode of action occurs in the drug induced folic acid deficiency, which in turn induces a deficiency of vitamin B12. It has been reported that a vitamin deficiency may result from intake of high pharmacological doses of other vitamins. These data need confirmation in patients treated with high doses of nicotinic acid. The drug induced vitamin deficiencies are studied with the same methodology employed for avitaminoses in general; hence they can be diagnosed using the same criteria.

Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anticonvulsants; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Tetracycline; Tryptophan; Vitamin B Complex

The status of vitamin B1, B2, B6 and C was investigated in 656 hospital inpatients by means of a dietary interview, biochemical studies, and clinical investigation. The daily intake was lower than the Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamin B1 in 57%, B2 in 47%, B6 in 53%, and C in 9% of the patients; it was less than half the Recommended Dietary Allowance in 19, 12, 15, and 3%, respectively. A biochemical deficiency was observed in 25% of the patients for vitamin B1, in 11% for B2, in 25% for B6, and in 14% for C. On the basis of the parameters selected for this study, the biochemical vitamin status, the dietary vitamin intake, and the clinical symptoms correlated significantly with each other except in the case of vitamin B6.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Female; France; Humans; Inpatients; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Scandinavian and Nordic Countries; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

A definition is given for the terms of latent and borderline vitamin deficiency, and the vitamin requirement and optimal vitamin supply, respectively, are discussed in relation to these two terms. The upper limit of the latent vitamin deficiency status can be used to define the optimal intake of vitamins, whereas the lower limit indicates the minimum requirement. The impact on health of a latent vitamin deficiency lies in the risk of falling into a manifest vitamin deficiency during sudden stress, whereas, in borderline vitamin deficiency status, some health functions are affected so that a problem of public health may arise and countermeasures should be taken.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Requirements; Sex Factors; Vitamins

112 patients in a medical ward were examined clinically and biochemically with regard to their vitamin status (plasma vitamin A, plasma vitamin C, blood glutathione reductase, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, N-methyl nicotinic acid amide and pyridoxic acid excretion). The nutritional habits were assessed by means of a questionnaire. The results of these two examinations were correlated with the clinical findings. The assessment of the vitamin B2 status showed a deficiency in 8 cases and a marginal vitamin B2 supply in a further 4 cases. The thiamine intake was insufficient in 43 cases and marginal in 42 cases. The biochemical assessment of vitamins C, B1 and PP indicated a deficiency of these vitamins. Dermatological signs pointed to a deficiency of vitamins A and B2. There was a significant correlation between the plasma vitamin A level and the serum iron level. The importance of milk and vegetables in the diet is stressed and also the association between milk consumption and the serum cholesterol level.

Topics: Aged; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cholesterol; Feeding Behavior; Female; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Iron; Male; Milk; Skin Manifestations; Vegetables; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

1 Antipyrine plasma half-life and clearance rates were studied in 19 elderly patients shortly after admission to a geriatric ward and again 2 weeks after a course of dietary supplementation with Vitamins A, B complex, C and D. 2 Antipyrine half-life fell and clearance increased in the nine who had sub-clinical evidence of ascorbic acid deficiency. No correlation was found with other indices of nutritional status. 3 Vitamin supplementation in elderly people with no demonstrable deficiencies did not alter the metabolism of antipyrine.

Topics: Aged; Antipyrine; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Blood Proteins; Humans; Kinetics; Leukocytes; Urea; Vitamin A; Vitamins

Indices of nutritional state were measured in 105 surgical patients. The indices were chosen to give information on protein-calorie malnutrition, anaemia, vitamin deficiency. Abnormal values for the various indices were common in the group as a whole and most frequent (50%) in patients who were still in hospital more than a week after major surgery. These patients had a high frequency of anaemia, vitamin deficiency, weight-loss, loss of arm-muscle bulk, and low plasma levels of transferrin and albumin. These abnormalities had gone almost entirely unrecognised, even in patients with sepsis after major surgery, who would benefit from improvement in nutritional state.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia; Anthropometry; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; England; Female; Folic Acid; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Requirements; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Serum Albumin; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Transferrin; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

There is increasing evidence that the liver microsomal drug metabolizing system is affected by various vitamins such as ascorbic acid, riboflavin, and alpha-tocopherol. In regard to ascorbic acid deficiency there is a decrease in the quantity of hepatic microsomal electron transport components such as cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, as well as decreases in a variety of drug enzyme reactions such as N-demethylation, O-demethylation, and steroid hydroxylation. In addition, young animals given high supplements of vitamin C have increased quantities of electron transport components and overall drug metabolism activities. Kinetic studies indicate no change in the apparent Km of N-demethylase, O-demethylase or hydroxylase for drug substrates in animals depleted or given high amounts of the vitamin. However, there are qualitative changes in both type I and II substrate-cytochrome P-450 binding. Ascorbic acid is not involved in microsomal lipid peroxidation or in any qualitative or quantitative change in phosphatidylcholine. Replenishing vitamin C-deficient animals with ascorbic acid required 3 to 7 days for the electron transport components and drug metabolism activities to return to normal levels. Induction with phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene is not impaired in the deficient animal since drug metabolism activities are induced to the same extent as normal controls; however, the administration of delta-aminolevulinic acid, a precursor of heme synthesis, to deficient animals caused an increase in the quantity of cytochrome P-450. The effects of riboflavin deficiency on electron transport components and drug metabolism activities have been noted only in adult animals after prolonged periods of deficiency. Decreases in drug metabolism activities occur with both type I (aminopyrine and ethylmorphine) and type II (aniline) substrates. As was found with ascorbic acid deficiency, drug enzyme induction occurred to the same extent with phenobarbital in deficient and normal animals. In addition, it required from 10 to 15 days for the drug metabolism activities to return to normal levels when deficient animals were replenished with riboflavin. The effect of vitamin E on drug metabolism is specific in N-demethylase activities decrease while O-demethylase activities are not affected in the deficient state. This vitamin differs from ascorbic acid and riboflavin in that several laboratories have reported no quantitative decrease in cytochrome P-45

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Cytochrome Reductases; Disease Models, Animal; Enzyme Induction; Guinea Pigs; Kinetics; Liver; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Oxidoreductases; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Phenobarbital; Riboflavin Deficiency; Vitamin E Deficiency

Serum folate, red cell folate, white blood cell vitamin C, riboflavin saturation index, and serum vitamin A were determined during the first trimester of pregnancy in over 900 cases. For each of these there was a social classes I + II showed the highest levels which differed significantly from other classes, except for serum folate. In 6 mothers who gave birth to infants with neural tube defects, first trimester serum folate, red cell folate, white blood cell vitamin C, and riboflavin values were lower than in controls. In spite of small numbers the differences were significant for red cell folate (P less than 0-001) and white blood cell vitamin C (P less than 0-05). These findings are compatible with the hypothesis that nutritional deficiencies are significant in the causation of congenital defects of the neural tube in man.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Central Nervous System; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Riboflavin; Social Class; Vitamin A

Topics: Alcoholism; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency

Vitamins intakes cannot be absolutely established; they depend on basic composition of the diet, ecological conditions and physiological status of the subject. Nevertheless, approximate norms can be established, which avoid deficiencies or overdosages. Dietary and epidemiologic surveys, assays on volunteers conducted the commissions of F.A.O./O.M.S. Experts and National Authorities to propose values with a practical consensus for vitamins A, B1, B2, PP, P, C, D, B12 folates and some other factors.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Nicotinic Acids; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Pantothenic Acid; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency

Reports concerning the interaction between steroidal contraceptives (the combined pill) and vitamins indicate that in users the mean serum-vitamin-A level is raised and the mean serum-vitamin-B2 (riboflavine), vitamin-B6 (pyridoxine), vitamine-C, folic-acid, and vitamin-B12 levels are reduced. Other vitamins have been insufficiently studied for comment. Biochemical evidence of co-enzyme deficiency has been reported for vitamin B2, vitamin B6, and folic acid. Clinical effects due to vitamin deficiency have been described for vitamin B6--namely, depression and impaired glucose tolerance. Folic-acid deficiency with megaloblastic anaemia has been reported in only 21 cases.

Topics: Anemia, Megaloblastic; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Coenzymes; Contraceptives, Oral; Depression; Female; Folic Acid Deficiency; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency

Clinical evaluation and estimation of blood levels of vitamins A, E, C, B1, B2, B6 and of total carotenoids were carried out in 52 consecutive children admitted to the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children in Sydney during the winter epidemic of diarrhoea. The children included 37 Europeans and 15 Aboriginals, who were previously apparently healthy. Of these, 19 Europeans and ten Abororigines were studied also after recovery. The anthropometric, clinical, microbiological and biochemical data for each child is presented. Vitamin treatment, duration of symptoms, severity of diarrhoea, stool microbiology and the role of secondary malabsorption as a main cause of the depressed plasma vitamin levels found is discussed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Carotenoids; Child, Preschool; Enterobacteriaceae; Ethnicity; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Male; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Thiamin, biotin, B12, folate, pantothenate, riboflavin, nicotinate, B6, vitamins A, E, C, and beta-cartene was estimated in the blood of 174 mothers and in the cord blood of their neonates at parturition. A vitamin profile of normal preganancy was established for mother and neonate. This was based on values obtained from 95 percent confidence limits in 74 mothers not taking oral vitamins and 133 mothers ingesting various vitamin supllements. Circulating vitamin levels in 38 neonates born to mothers with no laboratory evidence of hypovitaminemia was persented. The higher incidence of hypobitaminemia in gravidas not taking vitamins was folate, thiamin, vitamins A, C, B12, BL and nicotinate in descending order. Ingestion of vitamins supplements reduced the incidence of hypovitaminemia. A similar relationship held for neonates from these mothers. However, despite vitamin ingestion thiamin, folate, vitamins C, A, B6, B12 and nicotinate hypovitaminemia was evident. There was an approximate 1:2-5 ratio between mother and neonate blood vitamins; vitamins A, B6, E, and beta-carotene were exceptions. Vitamin B6 ran parallel, while vitamins A, B6, E, and beta-carotene ratios reversed in favor of the mother at an approximate ratio of 2:1, 4:1 and 7:1, respectively. It is concluded that vitamin profile for mother and neonate, taking into account values established from a lorge gravid population, should now permit an evaluation of the effects of hypoviteminemia on the outcome of pregnancy and infant health.

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Labor, Obstetric; Pregnancy; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Australia; Avitaminosis; Calcium; Cooking; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Financing, Personal; Folic Acid; Food; Humans; Male; Meat; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Obesity; Social Welfare

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Consumer Behavior; Health Education; Humans; Legislation, Drug; Public Opinion; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Vitamins

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Drug Industry; Folic Acid; Humans; Latvia; Niacinamide; Occupational Medicine; USSR; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Depression; Humans; Niacinamide; Pellagra; Suicide; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Biotin; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Intravenous; Labor, Obstetric; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Niacinamide; Pantothenic Acid; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Atropine; Avitaminosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Peptic Ulcer; Pyridoxine; Thiamine; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cholecystitis; Chronic Disease; Female; Health Resorts; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Thiamine; Vitamins

Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Folic Acid; Humans; Mental Disorders; NAD; Nicotinic Acids; Psychiatry; Pyridoxine; Schizophrenia; Substance-Related Disorders; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Australia; Avitaminosis; Carotenoids; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythrocytes; Ethnicity; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Aged; Aging; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Coumarins; Diet; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Injections, Intravenous; Ligation; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic System; Lymphedema; Male; Plethysmography; Rats; Rutin; Sodium Chloride; Structure-Activity Relationship; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcoholism; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Female; Hair; Hemoglobins; Hospitalization; Humans; Liver Diseases; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Peptic Ulcer; Protein Deficiency; Proteins; Rehabilitation, Vocational; Serum Albumin; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Pyridoxine; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Topics: Aged; Aging; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Germany, West; Humans; Quackery; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamin E; Vitamin E Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Biotin; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Niacinamide; Nutritional Requirements; Pantothenic Acid; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Aged; Aging; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cooking; Diet; Diet Fads; Folic Acid; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Pyridoxine; Sweden; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Diet; Food; Food, Fortified; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Nicotinic Acids; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Requirements; Riboflavin; Sweden; Thiamine; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Diet; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotinic Acids; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Requirements; Riboflavin; Sweden; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Endotoxins; Escherichia coli; Guinea Pigs; Lung; Myocardium; Scurvy; Shock, Septic

Topics: Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Cognition Disorders; Female; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Pellagra; Pyruvates; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Cecum; Diet; Kidney; Liver; Salmonidae; Scoliosis; Spine; Vitamin A

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Body Weight; Capillaries; Female; Flavonoids; Kidney; Liver; Male; Rats; Skin; Spleen

Topics: Age Factors; Alveolar Process; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Blood Proteins; Bone Resorption; Glycosuria; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia; Oral Health; Toothbrushing

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Brain Chemistry; Caproates; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Guinea Pigs; Kidney; Liver; Methods; Rats; Spleen

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cholecystitis; Chronic Disease; Citrates; Female; Hepatitis; Humans; Male; Methods; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Pyruvates; Sorbitol; Thiamine

Topics: Acclimatization; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cold Climate; Female; Humans; Male; Russia; Wound Healing

Topics: Adolescent; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Humans; Orthodontics, Corrective

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intestinal Absorption; Postoperative Care; Vitamins; Wound Healing

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Carbon Isotopes; Catechols; Feces; Flavonoids; Guinea Pigs; Respiration; Solubility; Tea; Time Factors; Urine

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Flavonoids; Humans; School Health Services; Seasons; USSR

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Nutrition Surveys; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; United States

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cricetinae; Dental Caries; Edible Grain; Flavones; Nutrition Disorders; Plant Structures; Pregnancy; Rats; Research; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins; Yeasts

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anorexia Nervosa; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Celiac Disease; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Diet Therapy; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Sprue, Tropical; United Kingdom; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D; Vitamin K; Vitamins; Vomiting

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Blood Chemical Analysis; Geriatrics; Humans; Metabolism; Niacin; Nicotinic Acids; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Thiamine Pyrophosphate; Urine; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Blood Chemical Analysis; Female; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Research; Vitamins

Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Aminohydrolases; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Biotin; Guinea Pigs; Kidney; Metabolism; Rats; Research; Spleen; Thiamine Deficiency

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Proteins; Cholesterol; Deficiency Diseases; Growth; Guinea Pigs; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Metabolism; Pantothenic Acid; Pathology; Research

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Diet; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Vitamins

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Humans; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet; Female; Humans; Nutrition Assessment; Pregnancy; Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Nutrition Assessment; Rheumatic Diseases; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Research Design; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Therapeutic Human Experimentation; Vitamins

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Granulation Tissue; Humans; Nutrition Disorders; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Rats; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Fungi; Vitamin A; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Tryptophan; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Scurvy

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Thiamine; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Tooth Extraction; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cartilage; Guinea Pigs; Physiological Phenomena; Scurvy; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Biotin; Biotinidase Deficiency; Rats; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Dehydroascorbic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Vitamins

Topics: Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Dehydroascorbic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Carotenoids; Child; Humans; Physical Examination; Vitamin A; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Epinephrine; Hemodynamics; Hemorrhage; Humans

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet; Dietetics; Fetus; Humans; Nutritional Sciences; Nutritional Status; Scurvy; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Cornea; Vitamin A; Vitamins

Topics: Androgens; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Humans; Scurvy; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamins

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Glossitis; Humans; Sweat; Syndrome

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Avitaminosis; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Coma