ascorbic-acid and Anorexia

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Compared with adults, children with SARS-CoV-2 infection may have fewer and less severe symptoms. Gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly reported in children, sometimes as the only manifestation of the disease, and most often manifest as anorexia, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, or abdominal pain. Although most children have asymptomatic or mild disease, 10 % of those infected may experience serious or critical disease, or even death. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a rare but serious condition recently reported in children with COVID-19. Studies indicate that children with obesity are at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19, and inflammation associated with obesity could be one of the factors that worsens COVID-19 symptoms due to an increased inflammatory response involving molecules such as interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein. On the other hand, evidence has been reported of a higher protein expression of ACE2 in the visceral adipose tissue of obese and malnourished humans, and this could be associated with complications and severity of COVID-19. Therefore, regulation of the intake of macronutrients or micronutrients could be used as a strategy to reduce the consequences of COVID-19. Diet in general and bioactive compounds could play an important role in the prevention of the inflammatory cascade. The micronutrients with the most evidence suggesting a role in immune support are vitamins C and D, zinc, and polyphenols.. La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) está causada por el virus “síndrome respiratorio agudo severo-coronavirus 2” (SARS-CoV-2). En comparación con los adultos, los niños con infección por SARS-CoV-2 pueden tener menos síntomas y estos pueden ser menos graves. Los síntomas gastrointestinales se informan comúnmente en los niños, a veces como única manifestación de la enfermedad. Los más comunes son anorexia, diarrea, náuseas y vómitos, y dolor abdominal. Aunque la mayoría de los niños tienen un cuadro leve o asintomático, el 10 % de los infectados pueden experimentar un cuadro grave o crítico, e incluso la muerte. El síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico es una afección poco común, pero grave, que se documentó recientemente en niños con COVID-19. Los estudios indican que los niños con obesidad tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar COVID-19 grave, y la inflamación asociada con la obesidad podría ser uno de los factores que empeoran los síntomas de la COVID-19 debido a una respuesta inflamatoria aumentada en donde se ven involucradas moléculas como la interleucina 6, el factor de necrosis tumoral alfa y la proteína quimioatrayente de monocitos. Por otro lado, se ha encontrado evidencia de una mayor expresión proteica de ACE2 en el tejido adiposo visceral de los seres humanos obesos y desnutridos, y esto podría estar asociado a las complicaciones y la severidad de la COVID-19. Por tanto, la regulación de la ingesta de macronutrientes o micronutrientes podría utilizarse como estrategia para reducir las consecuencias de la enfermedad. La dieta en general y los compuestos bioactivos podrían desempeñar un papel importante en la prevención de la cascada inflamatoria. Los micronutrientes con mayor evidencia indicativa de que desempeñan un papel en el apoyo inmunológico son las vitaminas C y D, el zinc y los polifenoles.

Topics: Abdominal Pain; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Anorexia; Ascorbic Acid; Child; COVID-19; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Nausea; Overweight; Oxidative Stress; Pediatric Obesity; Polyphenols; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome; Thinness; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vomiting; Zinc

Topics: Alcoholism; Anorexia; Ascorbic Acid; Diagnosis, Differential; Early Diagnosis; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Exanthema; Fatigue; Gingival Hypertrophy; Hematoma; Humans; Lethargy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Weakness; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Scurvy

Topics: Anorexia; Ascorbic Acid; Cachexia; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Minerals; Neoplasms; Nutrition Disorders; Parenteral Nutrition; Pyridoxine; Serum Albumin; Taste Disorders; Thiamine; Vitamin A

To test the efficacy and safety of an integrated treatment based on a pharmaconutritional support, antioxidants, and drugs, all given orally, in a population of advanced cancer patients with cancer-related anorexia/cachexia and oxidative stress.. An open early-phase II study was designed according to the Simon two-stage design. The integrated treatment consisted of diet with high polyphenols content (400 mg), antioxidant treatment (300 mg/d alpha-lipoic acid + 2.7 g/d carbocysteine lysine salt + 400 mg/d vitamin E + 30,000 IU/d vitamin A + 500 mg/d vitamin C), and pharmaconutritional support enriched with 2 cans per day (n-3)-PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), 500 mg/d medroxyprogesterone acetate, and 200 mg/d selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib. The treatment duration was 4 months. The following variables were evaluated: (a) clinical (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status); (b) nutritional [lean body mass (LBM), appetite, and resting energy expenditure]; (c) laboratory [proinflammatory cytokines and leptin, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzymes]; (d) quality of life (European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30, Euro QL-5D, and MFSI-SF).. From July 2002 to January 2005, 44 patients were enrolled. Of these, 39 completed the treatment and were assessable. Body weight increased significantly from baseline as did LBM and appetite. There was an important decrease of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and a negative relationship worthy of note was only found between LBM and IL-6 changes. As for quality of life evaluation, there was a marked improvement in the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30, Euro QL-5D(VAS), and multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory-short form scores. At the end of the study, 22 of the 39 patients were "responders" or "high responders." The minimum required was 21; therefore, the treatment was effective and more importantly was shown to be safe.. The efficacy and safety of the treatment have been shown by the study; therefore, a randomized phase III study is warranted.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anorexia; Ascorbic Acid; Cachexia; Carbocysteine; Celecoxib; Dietary Supplements; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Medroxyprogesterone; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Nutritional Support; Oxidative Stress; Pyrazoles; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sulfonamides; Thioctic Acid; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin A; Vitamin E

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic factors and a high cumulative score of the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) in a Chilean adult group. A cross-sectional study was performed with the Ethics Committee's approval from the Universidad de los Andes. A consecutive adult (18 to 46 years old) sampling (n = 553) from the Health Center in San Bernardo-Chile, was selected from September 2016 to January 2017. Dental exams were performed by two trained and calibrated examiners, according to the BEWE index. In order to search for potentially related factors, a hetero-applied questionnaire previously developed and evaluated was applied. Our interest was individuals with severe erosion tooth wear (BEWE ≥ 14). Logistic regression models reporting crude odds ratio (OR) and adjusted OR by age, 95% confidence interval (95%CI), and p-values were estimated. Variables, odds ratios and 95% CI related with BEWE ≥ 14 were: age (OR 1.1 [1.07-1.14]); currently drinking alcohol (OR 1.59 [1.06-2.39]); esophagitis (OR 8.22 [1.60-42.22]); difficulty to swallow (OR 2.45 [1.10-5.44]); chest pain (OR 2.07 [1.18-3.64]); anorexia (OR 3.82 [1.07-13.68]); vitamin C intake (OR 1.92 [1.08-3.43]). Age, alcohol consumption, self-reported esophagitis, history of gastric symptoms, anorexia, and vitamin C intake were related as risk factors to high BEWE scores in this sample of Chilean adults in San Bernardo, Chile.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia; Ascorbic Acid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Esophagitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Tooth Erosion; Tooth Wear; Young Adult

The role of endogenous vitamin C (VC) in emotion and psychiatric measures has long been uncertain. We aimed to investigate how an individual's VC status impacts his or her mental health. Our hypothesis is that body VC levels modulate anxiety, anorexia, and depressive phenotypes under the influence of psychosocial rearing environments and sex. The VC status of senescence marker protein-30/gluconolactonase knockout mice, which lack the ability to synthesize VC, were continuously shifted from adequate (VC+) to depleted (VC-) by providing a water with or without VC. Despite weight loss in both sexes, suppressed feeding was specifically seen in males only during the VC- phase. Anxiety responses in the novelty-suppressed feeding paradigm were worse during the VC-, especially in females. Sensitivity to the forced swim test as determined by the initial latency was significantly shorter in the socially stable animals compared with socially unstable animals during the VC+ condition. The stress coping underlying depressive phenotypes was assessed by immobility duration in a series of forced swim tests. No significant differences were apparent between contrasting VC status. Homeostatic symptoms following stressful behavioral tests consisted of a great loss of appetite during the VC-. It should be noted that anorexia is extremely serious for the females. We conclude that endogenous VC status is critical for determining vulnerability to anxiety and anorexia in a sex-specific manner.

Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Anorexia; Anxiety; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Depression; Eating; Feeding Behavior; Female; Homeostasis; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Mice, Knockout; Nutritional Status; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Social Environment; Stress, Psychological; Swimming; Vitamins

Increased oxidative stress may contribute to cancer anorexia, which could be ameliorated by antioxidant supplementation. methylcholanthrene (MCA) sarcoma-bearing Fisher rats were studied. After tumour inoculation, rats were randomly assigned to standard diet (CTR group, n = 6), or to an antioxidant-enriched diet (AOX group, n = 8). Eight more rats (STD-AOX group) switched from standard to antioxidant diet when anorexia developed. At the end of the study, food intake (FI, g/d), body weight and tumour weight (g) were recorded, and plasma samples were obtained. On day 16, anorexia has appeared only in CTR and STD-AOX animals. At the end of the study, FI in AOX animals was still higher than in the other groups (p = 0.08). No differences in body and tumour weights were observed among groups. However, hydrogen peroxide and interleukin-1β levels were significantly reduced only in AOX rats. Data obtained suggest that early antioxidant supplementation improves cancer anorexia, ameliorates oxidative stress and reduces inflammation.

Topics: Animals; Anorexia; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Administration Schedule; Energy Intake; Hydrogen Peroxide; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Oxidative Stress; Random Allocation; Rats, Inbred F344; Sarcoma; Vitamin E

Serotonin type 2A (5-HT(2A)) receptor-mediated neurotransmitter is known to activate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, regulate sleep-awake cycle, induce anorexia and hyperthermia. Interaction between melatonin and 5-HT(2A) receptors in the regulation of the sleep-awake cycle and head-twitch response in rat have been reported. Previous studies have shown that melatonin has suppressant effect on HPA axis activation, decreases core body temperature and induces hyperphagia in animals. However, melatonin interaction with 5-HT(2A) receptors in mediation of these actions is not yet reported. We have studied the acute effect of melatonin and its antagonist, luzindole on centrally administered (+/-)-1-(2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl) 2-amino propane (DOI; a 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist)-induced activation of HPA axis, hypophagia and hyperthermia in 24-h food-deprived rats. Like ritanserin [(1 mg/kg, i.p.) 5-HT(2A/2C) antagonist], peripherally administered melatonin (1.5 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) did not affect the food intake, rectal temperature or basal adrenal ascorbic acid level. However, pretreatment of rats with it significantly reversed DOI (10 microgram, intraventricular)-induced anorexia and activation of HPA axis. But the hyperthermia induced by DOI was not sensitive to reversal by melatonin. Mel(1) receptor subtype antagonist luzindole (5 microgram, intraventricular) did not modulate the DOI effect but antagonized the melatonin (3 mg/kg, i.p.) reversal of 5-HT(2A) agonist response. The present data suggest that melatonin reversal of DOI-induced hypophagia could be due to suppression of 5-HT(2A) mediated activation of HPA axis.

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Amphetamines; Animals; Anorexia; Ascorbic Acid; Exploratory Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Fever; Gastrointestinal Transit; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Melatonin; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Melatonin; Receptors, Serotonin; Ritanserin; Serotonin Antagonists; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus; Tryptamines

Ascorbic acid (1 g/kg) accentuated anorectic and locomotor effects of amphetamine (5 mg/kg) and delayed development of tolerance to anorectic effect. On the contrary, it did not alter the pattern of reverse tolerance to increased locomotor activity. The results suggest that modulation of dopamine receptor sensitivity by ascorbic acid may be the reason for the delay in development of tolerance to amphetamine induced anorexia.

Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Anorexia; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Tolerance; Male; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Wistar