ascorbic-acid and Anemia--Hypochromic

Routinely measuring iron status is necessary because not only are about 6% of Americans in significant negative iron balance, but about 1% have iron overload. Serum ferritin is in equilibrium with body iron stores, and is the only blood test that measures them. Barring inflammation, each one ng (0.0179 pmol) ferritin/ml of serum indicates approximately 10 mg (0.179 mmol) of body iron stores. Very early Stage I positive balance is best recognized by measuring saturation of iron binding capacity. Conversely, serum ferritin best recognizes early (Stage I and II) negative balance. Deviations from normal are: 1. Both stages of iron depletion (i.e. low stores, no dysfunction). Negative iron balance Stage I is reduced iron absorption producing moderately depleted iron stores. Stage II is severely depleted stores, without dysfunction. These stages include over half of all cases of negative iron balance. Treated with iron, they never progress to dysfunction, i.e. to disease. 2. Both stages of iron deficiency. Deficiency is inadequate iron for normal function, i.e. dysfunction, disease. Negative balance Stage III is dysfunction without anemia; Stage IV is with anemia. 3. Positive iron balance: Stage I is a multi-year period without dysfunction. Supplements of iron and/or vitamin C promote progression to dysfunction (disease). Iron removal prevents progression. Stage II is iron overload disease, encompassing years of insidiously progressive damage to tissues and organs from iron overload. Iron removal arrests progression.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Female; Ferritins; Folic Acid Deficiency; Gene Frequency; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hemochromatosis; HLA-A3 Antigen; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Inflammation; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Middle Aged; Pregnancy

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Developing Countries; Diet; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Industry; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Menstruation; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy

Optimum nutrition is the level of intake that should promote the highest level of health. Although excess caloric intake will lead to obesity, a deficit in nutrition may result in a tissue depletion of essential nutrients that can lead to biochemical changes and eventually to clinical signs and symptoms. Nutrition requirements may differ according to sex, age, activity, or physiological state and can be influenced by drugs, smoking, alcohol, and other factors. With ever-increasing sedentary life styles and less physically demanding jobs, the resulting reduced caloric requirements have made it more difficult to make nutritionally sound food choices. Nutrition is the single most important component of preventive health care. Diet has been associated with cancer, heart disease, diabetes, stroke and hypertension, arteriosclerosis, and cirrhosis of the liver. The ability of the human to respond to stresses, such as altitude, heat, trauma, surgery, and infection can be influenced by nutritional status. Nutritional status is reflected in a variety of metabolic processes that provide the basis for a number of methods for its assessment.

Topics: Alcoholism; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Climate; Dietary Fats; Female; Folic Acid; Food Additives; Health; Humans; Immunocompetence; Lactation; Male; Neoplasms; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Obesity; Physical Exertion; Pregnancy; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Smoking; Stress, Physiological; Thiamine; Trace Elements; Vitamin A; Vitamins; Zinc

Iron in food is classified as belonging to the haem pool, the nonhaem pool, and extraneous sources. Haem iron is derived from vegetable and animal sources with varying bioavailability. Hookworm infestation of the intestinal tract affects 450 million people in the tropics. Schistosoma mansoni caused blood loss in 7 Egyptian patients of 7.5- 25.9 ml/day which is equivalent to a daily loss of iron of .6-7.3 mg daily urinary loss of iron in 9 Egyptian patients. Trichuris trichiura infestation by whipworm is widespread in children with blood loss of 5 ml/day/worm. The etiology of anemia in children besides iron deficiency includes malaria, bacterial or viral infections, folate deficiency and sickle-cell disease. Severe infections cause profound iron-deficiency anemia in children in central American and Malaysia. Plasmodium falciparum malaria-induced anaemia in tropical Africa lowers the mean haemoglobin concentration in the population by 2 g/dI, causing profound anaemia in some. The increased risk of premature delivery, low birthweight, fetal abnormalities, and fetal death is directly related to the degree of maternal anemia. Perinatal mortality was reduced from 38 to 4% in treated anemic mothers. Mental performance was significantly lower in anemic school children and improved after they received iron. Supplements of iron, soy-protein, calcium, and vitamins given to villagers with widespread malnutrition, iron deficiency, and hookworm infestation in Colombia reduced enteric infections in children. Severe iron-deficiency anemia was treated in adults in northern Nigeria by daily in Ferastral 10 ml, which is equivalent to 500 mg of iron per day. Choloroquine, folic acid, rephenium hydroxynaphthoate, and tetrachlorethylene treat adults with severe iron deficiency from hookworm infestation in rural tropical Africa. Blood transfusion is indicated if the patient is dying of anaemia or is pregnant with a haemoglobin concentration 6 gm/dl. In South East Asia, mg per day prevented iron-deficiency anaemia in pregnancy. Field-trials on nutritional iron deficiency include an acidified milk formula plus ferrous sulphate for infants; biscuits with added bovine hemoglobin for children in Chile; sugar plus sodium ferric EDTA in Guatemala; salt with ferric orthophosphate and sodium acid sulphate in India; and Salt with ferrous sulphate plus sodium hexametaphosphate.

Topics: Absorption; Adult; Africa; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Availability; Celiac Disease; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Hookworm Infections; Humans; India; Iron; Liver; Male; Meat; Nigeria; Nutrition Disorders; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Schistosomiasis; Socioeconomic Factors; Trichuriasis; Tropical Medicine

Topics: Absorption; Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cattle; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Drug Stability; Erythrocyte Indices; Female; Ferritins; Ferrous Compounds; Food, Fortified; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Male; Middle Aged; Milk; Milk, Human; Pregnancy; Transferrin

Anemias due to dietary iron deficiency and poor iron utilization have some features in common. In both, the anemia is hypochromic and microcytic. Also in both, the levels of free erythrocyte protoporphyrin are increased, even though many of the causes of ineffective iron utilization are actually associated with normal or increased iron stores. Appropriate use of currently available assays, including a determination of the level of serum ferritin, can distinguish between many of these disorders. Above all, a logical approach with attention to the clinical response to treatment with iron medications will help achieve a rapid diagnosis.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Diet; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Ferritins; Heme; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Requirements; Porphyrins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Arteriosclerosis; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Diet; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Obesity; Physical Exertion; Vitamins; Zinc

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Transport, Active; Chelating Agents; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Erythropoiesis; Feedback; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Iron; Iron Radioisotopes; Mice; Pregnancy; Protein Binding; Rats; Solubility

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Birth Weight; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Iron; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: Absorption; Amino Acids; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Bile; Binding Sites; Chelating Agents; Diet; Epithelium; Erythropoiesis; Female; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Hemolysis; Hexoses; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Iron; Pregnancy; Rats

Topics: Absorption; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Cysteine; Erythropoiesis; Ferritins; Gastric Juice; Hemochromatosis; Humans; Inositol; Intestinal Mucosa; Iron; Pancreatic Juice; Succinates; Transferrin

In 781 female college students, there were 41 cases of iron deficiency anemia, 209 of latent iron deficiency, 3 of other anemias, and 528 normal cases. Fifty-four volunteers recruited from the iron deficiency anemia and severe latent iron deficiency groups were randomly divided into 4 study groups. Groups I and III received 500 mg of vitamin C daily, and groups II and IV received ferric ammonium citrate (FeAC; equivalent to 6 mg iron) in addition to vitamin C for 9 weeks. Groups I and II were loaded by aerobic exercise at 50% VO2 max. Significant differences between groups were noted in serum ferritin (SF) in III/IV, hematocrit (Ht) in II/III and III/IV, and reticulocytes (RET) in I/II, I/IV, and III/IV. Hemoglobin (Hb) and other iron-related blood indices tended to normalize in groups II and IV when compared with the pre-values. VO2 max was elevated in groups I and II regardless of iron treatment, but was augmented more in group II than group I.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Exercise; Female; Ferric Compounds; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Nutritional Status; Oxygen; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

We evaluated the effect of iron-supplemented milk on 86 healthy infants who were followed from 3 to 12 months of age. Whole milk was supplemented with 15 mg elementary iron as ferrous sulphate and 100 mg ascorbic acid per 100 g powder. 104 infants received the same milk with no supplement and served as control. All iron nutritional parameters were higher in the supplemented group at 9 and 12 months of treatment (p < 0.01). Iron-deficiency anemia was shown in 34% of the control as compared to 0% of the treatment group. The product exhibited excellent tolerance and could therefore be used to eradicate iron-deficiency anemia of the infant.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Chile; Follow-Up Studies; Food, Fortified; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Iron; Milk; Prospective Studies

The effect of ascorbic acid on iron retention from a diet with predicted low iron bioavailability (containing minimal meat and ascorbic acid) was investigated in iron-depleted premenopausal women. Eleven women were depleted of storage iron (indicated by serum ferritin) through a combination of diet (5.0 mg Fe/2000 kcal for 67-88 d) and phlebotomy. They then consumed a diet containing 13.7 mg Fe/2000 kcal, supplemented with placebo or ascorbic acid three times daily (1500 mg total) with meals for 5.5 wk. Ascorbic acid improved apparent iron absorption (balance method) [38 +/- 2% (means +/- SEM) vs 27 +/- 2%]. Ascorbic acid also improved hemoglobin, erythrocyte protoporphyrins, and serum iron but not hematocrit, serum ferritin, iron-binding capacity, or transferrin saturation. In iron-depleted women consuming a diet with predicted poor iron availability, ascorbic acid supplementation enhanced body iron retention for 5.5 wk.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Availability; Diet; Female; Ferritins; Hemoglobins; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Nutritional Status; Protoporphyrins

The bioavailability of iron on Fe(III)-hydroxide-polymaltose complex was compared intraindividually with that of Fe (II)-ascorbate (iron absorption) and a Fe (II)-sulphate quick release preparation (haemoglobin regeneration test). The study was carried out in a population of 16 healthy male volunteers, phlebotomized in weekly intervals until development of an iron deficiency anaemia in order to establish a test population with only small variations of their individual body iron status. Intestinal iron absorption in fasting state as measured by 59Fe whole body retention and simultaneous estimation from plasma iron tolerance curves was low for the 59Fe (III)-complex (1.2 +/- 0.1% (means +/- SD] as compared to the 59Fe (II)-ascorbate (43.7 +/- 7.1% (means +/- SD]. Iron administration together with a test meal did not affect the absorption from the 59Fe (II)-ascorbate, whereas the 59Fe (III)-complex showed a significant increase in absorption (8.8 +/- 4.7% (means +/- SD]. Haemoglobin (Hb) regeneration after 100 mg of iron as Fe (III)-complex and Fe (II)-sulphate administered during 28 days with meals amounted to a mean of 0.68 +/- 0.2 g/l and 1.1 +/- 0.3 g/l (means +/- SD) of total daily Hb-increase and a net-Hb-increase of 0.31 +/- 0.37 g/l and 0.79 +/- 0.36 g/l (means +/- SD), respectively. There was also a small but significant rise in serum ferritin during the oral treatment in both treatment groups. The results of Hb-regeneration after treatment with the Fe (III)-complex were in the range which could be expected from the absorption measurements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Availability; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Food; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Radioisotopes; Male

39 pregnant women, hemoglobin in serum less than or equal to 6,80 mmol/l were treated with Vitaferro, Folicombin and additional vitamins. Test groups were formed by means of randomisation. Hematological and clinicochemical parameters were measured before, as well as 2 and 6 weeks after starting treatment and the results were evaluated.--In the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy serum iron concentration and iron-binding capacity are sufficient. The diagnosis is proved by an increase of the serum hemoglobin 2 weeks after starting therapy. For the total number of patients an increase of hemoglobin could be proved 2- and 6 weeks after starting therapy. However, the 3 chosen therapeutic methods did not show any differences in statistically proved values in form of therapeutic results. This is, in our view, due to given deviation and the specific character of the test group. During pregnancy iron deficiency anemia should be treated by doses more than 100 mg iron per day. Normalization of the hemoglobin under iron substitution is no indication for immediate interruption of the treatment.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Folic Acid; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Pyridoxine

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diet; Drug Combinations; Female; Ferritins; Ferrous Compounds; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Physical Education and Training; Random Allocation; Running

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Citrates; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Sulfates

1. A study was conducted in two centres in southern and northern India of the effects of the addition of ascorbic acid and protein supplements to iron, pteroyglutamic acid and cyanocobalamin, in the prophylaxis and treatment of anaemia of pregnancy. 2. A dose of 500 mg ascorbic acid/d had no beneficial effect. Women who received 15 g calcium caseinate/d showed a superior haematological response. The reasons for this are unknown, but are more likely attributable to an increased absorption of the supplemental iron than to the correction of a protein deficiency.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Caseins; Female; Folic Acid; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; India; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Vitamin B 12

Radiolabelled tablets of slow-release iron and ferrous sulphate containing 50 mg of elemental iron were given to 28 patients, and iron absorption was studied using a whole body counter.There was no significant difference between the absorption of ferrous sulphate and that of slow-release iron in normal subjects, anaemic patients, anaemic and non-anaemic post-gastrectomy patients, or those with coeliac disease. Ascorbic acid potentiated iron absorption, especially in anaemic post-gastrectomy patients.The indications and hazards of slow release iron preparations are discussed.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Proteins; Celiac Disease; Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Synergism; Female; Gastrectomy; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Radioisotopes; Male; Middle Aged; Protein Binding; Whole-Body Counting

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Bicarbonates; Capsules; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Iron; Placebos; Sodium

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Donors; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Placebos; Sex Factors

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Iron; Malabsorption Syndromes; Male; Pregnancy

The Oxford Whole Body Counter was used to measure absorption from various therapeutic preparations of iron in five groups of subjects. Succinic acid enhanced absorption of iron when added to a solution of ferrous fumarate, but not when given with tablets of ferrous fumarate or ferrous sulphate. Ferrous fumarate plus ascorbic acid was absorbed better than ferrous fumarate alone but no better than ferrous sulphate. The addition of ascorbic acid and succinic acid to tablets of ferrous sulphate did not enhance absorption significantly.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Radiometry; Statistics as Topic; Succinates

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Iron

Topics: Achlorhydria; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Ascorbic Acid; Chemical Precipitation; Gastric Juice; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Chelating Agents; Iron Isotopes; Radiometry

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Inositol; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ethanol; Humans; Iron; Rats

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Child; Child, Preschool; Cobalt; Communicable Diseases; Copper; Humans; Infant; Iron; Liver Extracts; Manganese; Phosphates; Vitamin B Complex

Treatment in IRIDA focuses on use of intravenous iron preparations to circumvent oral absorptive defect resulting from high levels of hepcidin due to TMPRSS6 gene variations. However, recent case reports and recommendations on atypical microcytic hypochromic anemias advocate use of oral iron and vitamin c trial before parenteral iron, as the same results in comparable improvement in haemoglobin. We prospectively evaluated our IRIDA cohort (n = 7) with oral iron and vitamin c dose over a period of 10 weeks and noted complete response in majority (6/7 = 86%) with >2 g/dL rise in Hb along with significant improvement of other iron related indices.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Male; Phenotype

Changes in some blood parameters after 12-week administration of sodium metavanadate (SMV; 0.125mgV/ml) or/and magnesium sulphate (MS; 0.06mgMg/ml) in drinking water were studied in outbred male Wistar rats (16 rats/each group) to explore the probable mechanism(s) underlying SMV toxicity and check whether Mg at the level selected during SMV co-administration can protect, at least in part, from a possible deleterious action of SMV. Exposure to SMV alone and in combination with MS (a) led to a decrease in fluid and food intake and body weight gain; (b) predisposed the animals to the development of microcytic-hypochromic anaemia (with excessive liver and spleen Fe deposition, unaltered plasma Fe level and enhanced Zn concentration in the erythrocytes (RBCs) characterized by a reduced haematocrit (Ht) index and haemoglobin (Hb) level, unchanged erythrocyte and reticulocyte count, anisocytosis, lowered total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and elevated transferrin saturation (TS); (c) disturbed Cu homeostasis, but (d) did not influence the leukocyte count and the plasma total antioxidant status (TAS). We suggest that abnormal metabolism and accumulation of Fe as well as an altered Cu status and the RBC Zn level might lead to defective Fe utilization and be a factor promoting the development of Fe-utilization anaemia. The disturbances in the antioxidative capacity reported previously in rats' RBCs after SMV intoxication (Ścibior, Zaporowska, Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 30 (2010) 153-161) may suggest that oxidative stress (OS) could also be, in part, involved in the mechanism responsible for the development of anaemia. The Mg dose ingested in combination with V under SMV-MS co-administration (a) was able to decrease, to some extent, the V concentration in the blood, (b) normalized the RBC Mg and Fe levels and (c) restored the values of some parameters of the Fe status near the control values. These results allow a supposition that a higher Mg dose consumed during SMV exposure could have better protective potential and be more effective in limiting the SMV toxicity observed.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Biomarkers; Blood Cell Count; Copper; Drinking Water; Drug Interactions; Feces; Iron; Liver; Magnesium; Male; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Serum Albumin; Spleen; Uric Acid; Vanadates

We report a case of scurvy. This case is interesting by the unilateral character of the ecchymotic leg's purpura. Ascorbic acid assays do not yet enable subclinical vitamin C deficiency to be reliably detected. Hence the importance of knowing the situation which expose to this deficiency.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Darier Disease; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Purpura; Scurvy

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Contraindications; Erythrocytes; Ferritins; Humans; Iron; Male; Protoporphyrins

The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of Fe deficiency and Fe-deficiency anaemia in a group of apparently healthy adolescents, and to assess the value of a food frequency and amount questionnaire as a screening tool to identify children at risk of Fe deficiency. White schoolchildren (399) aged 12-14 years living in a Southwest London suburb completed a food frequency and amount questionnaire to assess usual Fe and vitamin C intake, and provided a thumb-prick blood sample for analysis of haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), and serum ferritin (SF). Children were classified as 'anaemic' if Hb was below the Dallman 3rd percentile (girls: < 120 g/l; boys: < 122, < 124 and < 126 g/l at ages 12, 13 and 14 years respectively); and 'low' or 'borderline' in Fe stores if SF was < 12 micrograms/l, or between 12 and 20 micrograms/l respectively. Of the boys and girls 3.5 and 10.5% respectively were anaemic; 1% of boys and 4% of girls had low ferritin values, and 14% of boys and 16% of girls were borderline. Fe intakes were significantly higher in boys than in girls (12.3 v. 9.6 mg/d, P < 0.001). Prevalence of anaemia was 14.5% in the group with both low Fe intakes (< lower reference nutrient intake) and low vitamin C intakes (< median), compared with 2.3% in the group with both high Fe intakes (> reference nutrient intake) and high vitamin C intakes (> median).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Female; Ferritins; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; London; Male; Prevalence; Sex Factors

The aim of this study is to evaluate the iron nutritional status of infants breast-fed exclusively and for a prolonged period in relation to their growth rate and dietary changes. Forty subjects (25 breast-fed; 15 formula-fed) were studied from 0 to 9 months of age. Milk (human or formula) was the only source of food during the first 6 months. From the sixth month onward mothers were instructed to use iron- and ascorbic acid-rich foods to supplement breast-feeding. At the ninth month, prevalence of anemia was 27.8% in the breast-fed group and 7.1% in the formula-fed group. Storage iron was absent in 27.8% of the breast-fed infants vs none of the formula-fed infants. These findings reinforce the recommendation that breast-fed infants be given supplemental iron from the fourth month of life.

Topics: Age Factors; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Body Weight; Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Diet; Female; Growth; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Iron; Male; Milk, Human; Nutritional Status

We present a case of a child with iron-deficiency anemia, folic acid deficiency, and scurvy. His anemia proved refractory to treatment with iron until he received both folic acid and vitamin C supplementation. This case illustrates the importance of the evaluation of ascorbic acid and folate status in treating iron-deficiency anemia initially refractory to iron supplementation, because multiple nutrient deficiencies may coexist.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Iron; Male; Scurvy

A total of 65 children with mild iron deficiency anemia (IDA) were divided into 5 groups, and received 0, 25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/day of vitamin C (VC) respectively every day for 8 weeks. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, free erythrocyte and hematocrit were determined every week. At a daily average intake of about 30 mg of VC and 7.5 mg of Fe, the results of the study indicate that: (1) VC supplement alone could effectively control children's IDA, and a dose-dependent relationship was observed. (2) 50 mg/day of VC is the most efficient dosage and 6 weeks is the shortest time for an effective therapy. (3) With a diet predominantly comprised of plant foods, it is suggested that appropriate dose of VC should be supplemented for the children during winter and spring in northeastern areas of China.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child, Preschool; China; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Ferritins; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Protoporphyrins; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Ferritins; Fertility; Humans; Iron; Middle Aged; Pregnancy

As part of a longitudinal study aimed at assessing the dietary intakes and nutritional status of a group of long-stay mentally handicapped subjects, 15 women of menstruating age were considered for a substudy to assess the influence of intake levels of dietary iron, energy, tea, coffee and vitamin C on their iron status. The assessment comprised a week-long weighed dietary survey and the measurement of a number of haematological indices that included serum ferritin concentration. Information on duration of menses was also collected and included in the assessment. Two-fifths of the subjects assessed had a serum ferritin concentration less than 12 micrograms/l indicating iron deficiency, including one who was considered anaemic as suggested by a haemoglobin level less than 12 g/dl. Duration of menses showed a negative significant correlation with serum ferritin concentration. The mean iron intake in the group was 9.5 +/- 1.5 mg/day. Energy intakes were low and positively correlated with iron intake. Although serum ferritin showed no correlation with iron intake, it showed significant negative correlations with the daily and meal-time intakes of tea and a significant positive correlation with the meal-time intakes of vitamin C. The six iron-depleted subjects were assessed as a separate group (Group I) in comparison with the other nine subjects who had a serum ferritin concentration greater than 12 micrograms/l. The results of this assessment showed that, while there were no significant differences in duration of menses or the mean daily intakes of iron and energy between the two groups. Group I subjects had significantly higher daily and meal-time intakes of tea and significantly lower meal-time intakes of vitamin C compared to Group II subjects. The study provides some evidence suggestive of an association between the iron deficiency states observed and tea intake in adversely affecting iron status, particularly in the absence of adequate meal-time intakes of vitamin C. The findings from the study also suggest that long-stay mentally handicapped women of menstruating age, in addition to their handicap and dependency states which may often predispose them to a low dietary intake, are at particular risk of iron deficiency.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Coffee; Diet Surveys; Energy Metabolism; Female; Ferritins; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Longitudinal Studies; Menstruation; Nursing Homes; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Prevalence; Tea; United Kingdom

The effect of some beverage extracts namely anise, mint, caraway, cumin, tilia, liquorice, karkade and tea, on the absorption of iron was tested in tied-off intestinal segments of rats. The rate of intestinal iron absorption was calculated in terms of an absorption index. The tannin, phytic acid and ascorbic acid contents of these beverages were analysed. The results show that anise, mint, caraway, cumin, tilia, liquorice, arranged in decreasing order of their effect, promoted the absorption of iron. Karkade did not exert an appreciable effect while tea inhibited absorption. The results are discussed in relation to the content of these beverages of tannins, phytic or ascorbic acids. It is recommended to offer these beverages to children and also to adults as a preventive agent to iron deficiency anemia. Also can be used for the preparation of bioavailable medicinal iron.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Beverages; Biological Availability; Female; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Male; Phytic Acid; Rats; Tannins

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Circulation; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Availability; Cattle; Chile; Food, Fortified; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Milk; Nutritional Requirements

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Combinations; Ferrous Compounds; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Iron

The effect of varying concentrations of ascorbic acid on the absorption of iron from a soy-based infant milk formula containing 6 mg iron/100 g was examined in 64 adult Indian females using the extrinsic radioactive tag method. The corrected geometric mean absorption from the basic soy formula was only 1.8%. Addition of ascorbic acid in a concentration of 40 mg/100 g, did not significantly increase absorption (3.3%; t = 1.8, p greater than 0.07) but raising the concentration to 80 mg/100 g did so (6.9%; t = 2.4, p less than 0.02). No further significant increase was noted when the concentration of ascorbic acid was increased to 160 mg/100 g (7.7%; t = 0.4, p greater than 0.7). The inhibitory effect of soy on iron absorption was further demonstrated by a direct comparison between the soy-based formula and a similar product based on cows' milk. The comparison was made at two concentrations of ascorbic acid. At 40 mg/100 g the geometric mean iron absorption from the soy formula was 2.4% compared with 5.3% from the milk formula (t = 2.8, p less than 0.02), while the corresponding values at 80 mg ascorbic acid/100 g were 7.2 and 19.5%, respectively (t = 3.4, p less than 0.02). The present results confirm the marked inhibitory effect of soy protein on iron absorption and calculations from the absorption figures suggest that such formulas should contain at least 12 mg/100 g iron together with ascorbic acid in a molar ratio of approximately 4:1 if they are to be adequate in terms of iron nutrition.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cattle; Glycine max; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Milk

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Middle Aged

Biological availability of egg yolk iron and effect of egg yolk on absorption of iron from the reference salt, ferrous sulfate, were evaluated in hemoglobin repletion assays with anemic rats. Three measures of response, hemoglobin concentration, gain in hemoglobin iron content, and gain in carcass iron content were related to total dietary iron intake by regression analyses. Relative biological value (RBV) of yolk iron, in diets without ascorbic acid, compared to that of the reference salt was 85%. RBV of egg iron was equivalent to ferrous sulfate iron in diets containing 1 g ascorbic acid per kilogram of diet. Increasing increments of egg yolk in diets containing ascorbic acid had no significant effect on utilization of iron from the reference salt as measured by gain in hemoglobin or carcass iron content during the regeneration period. Stimulation of iron utilization from egg yolk by ascorbic acid was mild in these studies and was less in diets containing 32 mg/kg of egg yolk iron than in those containing 15 mg/kg of iron from egg.

Topics: Absorption; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Availability; Diet; Egg Yolk; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Hemoglobins; Iron; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regression Analysis

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Platelets; Dehydroascorbic Acid; Humans

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Free Radicals; Hemorrhage; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin B Complex

An effort has been made to standardize the indirect iron saturation excess method for the determination of the serum unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC) and thus to relinquish the direct adsorption methods for the assay of the serum total iron binding capacity (TIBC) which give falsely high results due to unspecific binding of the saturating iron to serum proteins. In order to eliminate the interfering effects of hydrolytic polymerization of iron(III) on the saturation of apotransferrin in serum and on the colorimetric determination of the unbound iron excess at pH 8.3, conditions have been studied for the preparation of the iron-nitrilotriacetate-complex (Fe(NTA)2) solution at pH 8.3 with respect to its reactivity with the reductant sodium ascorbate and with the chromogen bathophenanthroline-disulfonate in photometric standards and in samples containing iron-saturated serum. The validity of the results for the UIBC thus obtained has been investigated (1) by direct spectrophotometric titration with Fe(NTA)2 of the apotransferrin in serum by measuring the absorbance of transferrin at 470 nm in 50-mm cuvettes, and of the UIBC using the modified indirect iron saturation excess assay, both of which gave the same saturation points, and (2) by the correlation of the TIBC obtained from serum iron determinations and the UIBC, with the transferrin concentration measured by the radial immunodiffusion assay. Results of UIBC determinations are presented along with serum iron concentration, TIBC, and transferrin saturation in groups of subjects with normal iron stores and prelatent, latent, and manifest iron deficiency.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Apoproteins; Ascorbic Acid; Carrier Proteins; Chromogenic Compounds; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Iron; Iron-Binding Proteins; Methods; Nitrilotriacetic Acid; Phenanthrolines; Photometry; Transferrin; Transferrin-Binding Proteins

Ferritin and ferric hydroxide represent two forms of iron which are less available for absorption than that present in the 'common pool' of non-haem dietary iron. In the present study the absorption of iron from these two compounds was compared in 35 multiparous women when fed in water, in maize porridge and in maize porridge containing 100 mg ascorbic acid. The geometric mean absorption for 3 mg ferritin iron was 0.7% and for ferric hydroxide, 2.4%. Comparable figures when fed with maize porridge were 0.4% and 0.4% respectively. When 100 mg ascorbic acid was present in the porridge, absorption was enhanced from both sources, being 12.1% for ferritin and 10.5% for ferric hydroxide. These results indicate that the fraction of iron in ferritin and ferric hydroxide that enters the 'common pool' of non-haem dietary iron is profoundly influenced by the nature of the diet. The greater the concentration of enhancing ligands, the closer does the absorption of iron from these compounds approximate that of the non-haem dietary iron pool.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Dialysis; Female; Ferric Compounds; Ferritins; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Drug Combinations; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Iron Deficiencies; Male

Iron deficiency anaemia in pregnancy is not a common problem among Black patients in the Durban area, and prophylactic iron supplements do not lead to an increase in haemoglobin values. Prophylactic iron therapy should give way to investigation and appropriate treatment of patients with low haemoglobin values.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Proteins; Female; Ferritins; Ferrous Compounds; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; South Africa

The status of ascorbic acid was studied at the levels of platelet and leucocyte in 32 cases of iron deficiency anaemia, 35 cases of thalassaemia and 18 normal subjects. It was found that in iron deficiency anaemia, platelet ascorbic acid was significantly higher than normal values indicating tissue excess and came down sharply after treatment with iron. In thalassaemia, associated presumably with iron overload, ascorbic acid status of platelets was definitely lower than normal indicating tissue deficiency. Leucocytic level of ascorbic acid was not as good an index of ascorbic acid status as the platelet level.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Platelets; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Leukocytes; Thalassemia; Transferrin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Drug Synergism; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Deficiencies; Pregnancy

Topics: Amino Acids; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Humans; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Riboflavin Deficiency; Seizures; Syndrome; Thiamine; Thiamine Deficiency; Vitamin B 6 Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency; Vitamins

The effect of iron supplementation alone or in combination with ascorbic acid as a preventive and or corrective measure against anemia were tested using pregnant women seeking pre-natal consultation at various health centers in Greater Manila Area. One tablet containing 65 mg iron alone or in combination with ascorbic acid per day during a supplementation period which varied from 16.5 to 17.8 weeks maintained initial hemoglobin and hematocrit levels in non-anemic women. Three tablets of the same iron preparation (total of 195 mg iron) daily resulted in significant increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit in anemic women. Ascorbic acid had no apparent beneficial effect. Considering the positive response to iron treatment, it is recommended that a nationwide program of iron supplementation of pregnant Filipinos be undertaken.

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Pilot Projects; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Transferrin

A health survey was carried out on 131 primary school children in the Bay of Plenty. Ninety children had no health defect. Inadequate hearing was the commonest defect and was more prevalent in Maoris. In all 55 health defects were found of which 18 were newly detected. There was a total absence of iron deficiency anaemia.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Ethnicity; Health Surveys; Hearing Disorders; Humans; New Zealand

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Folic Acid; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Puerperal Disorders; Pyridoxine

A group of young children who had low levels of leucocyte ascorbic acid had iron status assessed. Those children with low ascorbic acid had also concomitant low iron saturation of their blood. The significance of these findings is discussed.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Iron; Leukocytes

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Ascorbic Acid; Bone Marrow Diseases; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 12

Non-heme iron absorption from three Burmese meals was measured using the method of adding extrinsic radioiron tracer to label the non-heme iron in the whole meals. Thirty-one healthy Burmese subjects were divided into three groups, each of which was given one type of meal. The absorption of reference ferrous ascorbate was also measured in all subjects and used to calibrate the observed absorption values when comparing different groups. Non-heme iron absorption from the basal meal of rice, vegetables, and spices containing 7.6 mg of total iron was 1.4%. Addition of 40 g of fish to the basal meal increased absorption to 6.4% in men and 11.9% in women. Relative absorption from the third type of meal, consisting of different proportions of rice and vegetables and less fish, was also higher than from the basal meal. Non-heme iron absorption from a Southeast Asian diet similar to the Burmese rice and vegetable diet would be insufficient to maintain iron balance. But it is improbable that such a diet is eaten all the time.

Topics: Absorption; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Asia, Southeastern; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Energy Metabolism; Female; Fish Products; Food Analysis; Humans; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Myanmar; Oryza; Sex Factors; Vegetables

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic

Iron absorption from hemosiderin and ferritin biosynthetically labeled with radioactive iron has been studied in 61 subjects. The geometrical mean iron absorption from hemosiderin in both normal and iron deficient subjects was 3.4%. Its mean absorption ranged from 1.9% in normal subjects to 4.7% in subjects with moderate iron deficiency and 7.3% in subjects with marked iron deficiency. The iron absorption from hemosiderin was markedly increased when it was administered with ascorbic acid or liver. The absorption of iron from hemosiderin when hemosiderin and wheat were consumed in a meal, was lower than the absorption from wheat. Iron from liver ferritin and liver hemosiderin were less absorbed in this study than that previously reported for liver hemoglobin. The studies presented here support the possibility that ferritin and hemosiderin form an iron pool different from the non-heme pool formed by vegetal iron, egg iron and ferric and ferrous salts.

Topics: Absorption; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Ferritins; Hemoglobins; Hemosiderin; Humans; Iron; Iron Radioisotopes; Isotope Labeling; Liver; Male; Rabbits; Transferrin; Triticum; Venezuela

Sugar as a vehicle for iron fortification presents several advantages over the other vehicles used in the last three decades. In vitro studies demonstrated that ferrous sulfate added to sugar in proportion of 1 mg to 1 g, respectively, is maintained in the ferrous form for a period of at least 1 year and does not induce adverse changes in the vehicle. Sugar, by itself, carries practically no inhibitors for the absorption of iron. Iron absorption from fortified sugar mixed with vegetals is the same as that of native vegetal iron. The absorption from fortified sugar is increased more than 50% over that observed from native vegetal when it is administered as a drink during the ingestion of a meal. A further increase in absorption was found when fortified sugar was administered with beverages. The mean absorption ratio of fortified sugar given with orange juice, Coca-Cola, and Pepsi-Cola to a reference dose of iron ascorbate was between 0.45 and 0.66, which is more than 3 times the absorption of this iron fortification mixed with vegetals. The mean absorption ratio from coffee was 0.30, and from coffee with milk, 0.15. These data indicate that the fortification of sugar with iron could be a better procedure for the prevention of iron deficiency than the iron fortification of bread and wheat products, from which iron is poorly absorbed. It could be used in developing countries where beverages are highly consumed by the low socioeconomic class. This program could be extended to all sugar consumption or be restricted to soft drinks.

Topics: Absorption; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Carbonated Beverages; Coffee; Developing Countries; Diet; Drug Stability; Ferrous Compounds; Food, Fortified; Humans; Iron; Sucrose; Triticum; Vegetables; Venezuela

A high prevalence of folate and iron-deficiency anemia was found in women and children of Kiryat Shmoneh, an Upper Galilee community. Malnutrition was assumed to be partially responsible for these deficiencies. To verify this assumption, a detailed nutrition survey was carried out in 30 families, comprising 232 individuals in this community. A low overall caloric intake was found in 30% of the population studied. The dietary folates consumed were much below the recommended dietary allowance in all subjects. In over 60% of the subjects investigated, the daily iron intake was also below the recommended allowance. These data support the role of malnutrition in the development of folate and iron deficiencies in the community studied.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Energy Intake; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Infant; Iron; Israel; Male; Nutrition Surveys

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Drug Interactions; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Radioisotopes; Male; Meat; Statistics as Topic; Sulfates; Transferrin; Vegetables; Venezuela

The study deals with investigations on anaemia due to iron or protein calorie deficiency and that associating acute glomerulonephritis, nephrosis and schistosoma haematobium. The rate of intestinal iron absorption using an oral dose of ferrous sulphate equivalent to 4 mg clemental iron/kg body weight was studied. The supplementing action of ascorbic acid in iron absorption in these cases was also investigated. The rate of intestinal iron absorption was enhanced in pure iron deficiency anaemia, acute glomerulonephritis and schistosoma haematobium, retarded in kwashiorkor, marasmus and nephrosis. Ascorbic acid markedly promoted iron absorption in normal subjects but slightly in pure iron deficiency anaemia. It improved iron absorption in acute glomerulonephritis and schistosoma haematobium but not in kwashiorkor, marasmus and nephrotic cases. It is concluded that ascorbic acid supplementation is of certain beneficial effect in alleviating the state of anaemia when intestinal iron absorption is not impaired. Also, it may prove to be of value to be given along with protein rehabilitation in anaemias associating protein deficiency.

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child, Preschool; Egypt; Female; Glomerulonephritis; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Male; Protein-Energy Malnutrition; Schistosomiasis

Toxicity of cadmium in the young Japanese quail rapidly produced moderate growth depression, hypogonadism in the male, decreased bone ash, severe anemia, alterations of "indicator" tissue levels of several essential inorganic elements, and marked histological abnormalities of the duodenum, bone marrow, adrenal medulla, and esophageal mucus glands. Cadmium appeared to have direct effects on zinc and iron, particularly iron (III), by decreasing intestinal absorption of these elements. Small amounts of dietary ascorbic acid were protective against many of the adverse effects of cadmium. The young quail proved to be a useful species for these studies. The experience with cadmium may have some facets that would prove useful in further studies of the effects of ascorbic acid on the toxicity of other metals.

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Cadmium; Chickens; Coturnix; Erythrocytes; Guinea Pigs; Hematocrit; Humans; Hypogonadism; Iron; Kidney; Liver; Male; Metals; Quail; Rabbits; Rats; Species Specificity; Spermatogenesis; Turkeys; Zinc

1. Studies were done on the effect of ascorbic acid and five amino acids (histidine, cystine, cysteine, valine and glutamic acid) on intestinal iron absorption in a group of ninety Egyptian infants and young children, of which fifty-seven were healthy controls and thirty-three were suffering from Fe-deficiency anaemia. 2. Supplements tested promoted Fe absorption in healthy controls in the following order: valine larger than histidine larger than ascorbic acid. Cysteine, glutamic acid and cystine were found to have no significant effect. 3. Supplementation with valine, ascorbic acid and histidine also increased intestinal Fe absorption in anaemic subjects, but to a lesser extent than in controls. 4. Supplementation of haematinic therapy with these compounds is recommended. Their use is also suggested to improve the availability of the Fe content of everday diets.

Topics: Amino Acids; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Proteins; Child; Child, Preschool; Cysteine; Cystine; Egypt; Glutamates; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Histidine; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Protein Binding; Transferrin; Valine

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Iron; Leukocytes; Male; Plasma

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Tolerance; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Fumarates; Gluconates; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Reticulocytes; Time Factors

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Erythropoiesis; Ferric Compounds; Humans; Iron; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Australia; Avitaminosis; Calcium; Cooking; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Financing, Personal; Folic Acid; Food; Humans; Male; Meat; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Obesity; Social Welfare

Topics: Age Factors; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Arteriosclerosis; Ascorbic Acid; Attitude to Health; Australia; Breast Feeding; Child; Food Additives; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Iron; Metric System; Milk; Obesity; Vitamin D; Weaning

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Deferoxamine; Diet; Fish Products; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron

In connection with a multiphasic screening program carried out in Finland, over 7,000 persons participated in a dietary survey. The method was a diet history interview concerning food consumption and habits during the previous year. The mean intake of meat products was lower in anemic women (Hb less than 12.0 g/100 ml or PCV less than 36 vol%) than in the others and in the intake of liquid milk products was higher in the anemic women. The meat product intake was lower in anemic men (Hb less than 13.0 g/100 ml or PCV less than 41 vol %) than in other men, but the milk consumption of the groups was almost equal. The intake of meat products in iron-deficient women )serum iron less than 50 mu g/100 ml or TIBC larger than or equal to 400 mu g/100 ml) was lower and the intake of milk products higher than in the other women. The intake of meat products in iron-deficient men (serum iron less than 50 mu g/100 ml or TIBC larger than or equal to 400 mu g/100 ml) was lower than in the other men and the milk consumption was almost equal. The results support earlier studies that dietary habits are significant in the etiology of iron deficiency. In the light of this population study the intake of vitamin C also seems to influence iron metabolism.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Proteins; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Female; Finland; Hematocrit; Humans; Iron; Male; Mass Screening; Meat; Middle Aged; Milk; Nutrition Surveys; Protein Binding; Sex Factors

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Biological Transport; Body Weight; Diet; Erythropoietin; Female; Genetic Linkage; Hematocrit; Hemorrhage; Hypoxia; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Radioisotopes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Phenobarbital; Sex Chromosomes; Statistics as Topic

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Ascorbic Acid; Black People; Blood Proteins; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Diet; Diet Surveys; Dietary Proteins; Erythrocytes; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Mass Screening; Mississippi; Protein Binding; Transferrin

Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Body Height; Body Weight; Bread; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Deficiency Diseases; Diet; Female; Growth; Humans; Income; Iron; Male; Margarine; New York; Nutrition Surveys; Proteins; Sweden; United Kingdom; United States; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Alkaline Phosphatase; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Oxyhemoglobins; Spectrophotometry; Time Factors; Vitamin A

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Demography; Dental Caries; Diet; DMF Index; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Male; Nutrition Disorders; Nutrition Surveys; Obesity; Pediatrics; Pregnancy; Societies, Medical; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Vitamin A

Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Iron; Male; Protein Binding; Salicylates; Scotland; Sex Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Cooking; Female; Food, Fortified; Glycine max; Hemoglobinometry; Hot Temperature; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Male; Middle Aged; Triticum; Zea mays

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Citrates; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Sodium; Sulfates

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Citrates; Female; Fructose; Gastric Juice; Gastric Mucosa; Glycosaminoglycans; Heme; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Chelating Agents; Male; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Solubility

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Diet; Diphosphates; Humans; India; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Male; Phosphates; Sodium Chloride; Sulfates; Whole-Body Counting

Topics: Administration, Oral; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Aspartic Acid; Drug Combinations; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Folic Acid; Fumarates; Hemoglobins; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Octanols; Succinates; Whole-Body Counting

Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Bilirubin; Blood Transfusion; Catalase; Chronic Disease; Glomerulonephritis; Gout; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Iron; Kidney Diseases; Liver Diseases; Nephritis; Nitrogen; Rheumatic Fever; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Cell Count; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Sulfates

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Bacterial Vaccines; Body Weight; Bone Marrow Examination; Deficiency Diseases; Female; Fever; Humans; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Jamaica; Kwashiorkor; Male; Pertussis Vaccine; Radiometry

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aging; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Circadian Rhythm; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Leukocytes; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged; Sex Factors

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Intrinsic Factor; Iron; Male; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Pernicious; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Iron; Middle Aged; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency

Leucocyte ascorbic acid concentration declines with age. Patients with iron-deficiency anaemia have higher concentrations than normal while those with iron overload have a reduced concentration. It is suggested that these phenomena may be a result of reduced ascorbate catabolism in iron-deficiency anaemia and they provide support for the suggestion that the amount of iron in the tissues may be an important factor in determining ascorbic acid utilization.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Iron; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Cobalt; Copper; Dextrans; Female; Folic Acid; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Horse Diseases; Horses; Iron; Male; Sulfates; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Iron; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Vitamin A; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin D

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Folic Acid; Humans; Iron; Pyridoxine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamins

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Sulfates; Tablets

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Sulfates

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Fumarates; Humans; Iron

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Androstanes; Anemia, Aplastic; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Macrocytic; Anemia, Pernicious; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Transfusion; Humans; Iron; Iron-Dextran Complex; Ketones; Splenectomy; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Male; Succinates; Sulfates

Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Cysteine; Dietary Proteins; Female; Fish Products; Hematocrit; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Male; Methionine

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Calcium; Diet; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; United Kingdom; United States

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Cobalt; Erythrocytes; Female; Folic Acid; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic; Stimulation, Chemical

Topics: Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Citrates; Citrus; Egg Yolk; Eggs; Female; Fructose; Gastric Juice; Hemoglobins; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Male; Middle Aged; Rats

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Sulfates

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Transfusion; Female; Hematopoiesis; Humans; Iron; Niacinamide; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Synergism; Humans; Iron; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Body Height; Body Weight; Calcium; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Demography; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Humans; Infant; Iron; Mississippi; Nutrition Disorders; Nutrition Surveys; Nutritional Requirements; Physical Examination; Poverty; Sampling Studies; Socioeconomic Factors; Vitamin A

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Drug Synergism; Humans; Iron; Sulfates

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Deficiency Diseases; Erythrocyte Count; Female; Hematocrit; Humans; Iron; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acetates; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Tablets

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Succinates

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Chelating Agents; Citrates; Edetic Acid; Female; Hydroxamic Acids; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Nicotine; Rats

Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Diphosphates; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Ions; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Requirements; Sorbitol

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Iron; Nutrition Disorders; Time Factors; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Male; Sulfates

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Gastrectomy; Hematocrit; Hemorrhage; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Iron-Dextran Complex; Male; Rats

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Black People; Gingival Hypertrophy; Humans; Male; Nigeria; Scurvy

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Iron; Middle Aged; Tablets, Enteric-Coated

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Ascorbic Acid; Iron; Swine; Swine Diseases

Topics: Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Infections; Infusions, Parenteral; Iron-Dextran Complex; Male

Topics: Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Sulfates; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Iron; Male; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Cell Count; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Female; Humans; Male

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Iron; Male; Vitamin B 12

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Biochemical Phenomena; Biochemistry; Death, Sudden; Drug Therapy; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Metabolism; Radiography; Scurvy

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chlorides; Ferritins; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Sciences; Nutritional Status; Nutritive Value; Sulfates; Transferrin; Triticum

Topics: Aging; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Birth Order; Canada; Child, Preschool; Education; Ethnology; Hospitalization; Humans; Indians, North American; Infant; Infant Nutrition Disorders; Occupations; Radiography; Rickets; Scurvy; Social Conditions; White People

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Hemoglobins; Humans; Iron

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Blood; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Ethanol; Female; Glucose; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Radiometry; Rats

Topics: Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Iron; Iron Isotopes; Kinetics; Transferrin

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Iron; Male; Middle Aged; Pregnancy

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Volume Determination; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fumarates; Gluconates; Hemoglobinometry; Iron; Lactates; Research; Sorbitol; Swine; Vitamin E

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Body Weight; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Digestion; Gastrectomy; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Proteins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Transfusion; Deficiency Diseases; Humans; Infant; Iron; Leukocytosis; Rickets; Splenomegaly; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Transfusion; Humans; USSR

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Sideroblastic; Ascorbic Acid; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Humans; Iron; Pyridoxine

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Transfusion; Erythrocytes; Humans; Statistics as Topic; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Ferrous Compounds; Fumarates; Hematologic Diseases; Humans; Iron

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Ascorbic Acid; Humans; Iron; Peptic Ulcer; Vitamins

Topics: Achlorhydria; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Gastrectomy; Humans; Iron; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Iron; Vitamins

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Ascorbic Acid; Ferrous Compounds; Iron Compounds

Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Ascorbic Acid; Iron; Iron Compounds; Vitamins