ascorbic-acid and Abortion--Spontaneous

Miscarriage is a common complication of pregnancy that can be caused by a wide range of factors. Poor dietary intake of vitamins has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, therefore supplementing women with vitamins either prior to or in early pregnancy may help prevent miscarriage.. The objectives of this review were to determine the effectiveness and safety of any vitamin supplementation, on the risk of spontaneous miscarriage.. We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (6 November 2015) and reference lists of retrieved studies.. All randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing supplementation during pregnancy with one or more vitamins with either placebo, other vitamins, no vitamins or other interventions. We have included supplementation that started prior to conception, periconceptionally or in early pregnancy (less than 20 weeks' gestation).. Three review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, extracted data and assessed trial quality. We assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. The quality of evidence is included for numerical results of outcomes included in the 'Summary of findings' tables.. We included a total of 40 trials (involving 276,820 women and 278,413 pregnancies) assessing supplementation with any vitamin(s) starting prior to 20 weeks' gestation and reporting at least one primary outcome that was eligible for the review. Eight trials were cluster-randomised and contributed data for 217,726 women and 219,267 pregnancies in total.Approximately half of the included trials were assessed to have a low risk of bias for both random sequence generation and adequate concealment of participants to treatment and control groups. Vitamin C supplementation There was no difference in the risk of total fetal loss (risk ratio (RR) 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.92 to 1.40, seven trials, 18,949 women; high-quality evidence); early or late miscarriage (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.26, four trials, 13,346 women; moderate-quality evidence); stillbirth (RR 1.31, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.76, seven trials, 21,442 women; moderate-quality evidence) or adverse effects of vitamin supplementation (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.39 to 3.41, one trial, 739 women; moderate-quality evidence) between women receiving vitamin C with vitamin E compared with placebo or no vitamin C groups. No clear differences were seen in the risk of total fetal loss or miscarriage between women receiving any other combination of vitamin C compared with placebo or no vitamin C groups. Vitamin A supplementation No difference was found in the risk of total fetal loss (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.66, three trials, 1640 women; low-quality evidence); early or late miscarriage (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.46 to 1.62, two trials, 1397 women; low-quality evidence) or stillbirth (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.57 to 2.91, three trials, 1640 women; low-quality evidence) between women receiving vitamin A plus iron and folate compared with placebo or no vitamin A groups. There was no evidence of differences in the risk of total fetal loss or miscarriage between women receiving any other combination of vitamin A compared with placebo or no vitamin A groups. Multivitamin supplementation There was evidence of a decrease in the risk for stillbirth among women receiving multivitamins plus iron and folic acid compared iron and folate only groups (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.99, 10 trials, 79,851 women; high-quality evidence). Although total fetal loss was lower in women who were given multivitamins without folic acid (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.70, one trial, 907 women); and multivitamins with or without vitamin A (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.39 to 0.92, one. Taking any vitamin supplements prior to pregnancy or in early pregnancy does not prevent women experiencing miscarriage. However, evidence showed that women receiving multivitamins plus iron and folic acid had reduced risk for stillbirth. There is insufficient evidence to examine the effects of different combinations of vitamins on miscarriage and miscarriage-related outcomes.

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Abortion, Spontaneous; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Iron; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy, Multiple; Prenatal Care; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Stillbirth; Vitamin A; Vitamins

Miscarriage is a common complication of pregnancy that can be caused by a wide range of factors. Poor dietary intake of vitamins has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, therefore supplementing women with vitamins either prior to or in early pregnancy may help prevent miscarriage.. The objectives of this review are to determine the effectiveness and safety of any vitamin supplementation, on the risk of spontaneous miscarriage, maternal adverse outcomes and fetal and infant adverse outcomes.. We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (21 June 2010).. All randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing one or more vitamins with either placebo, other vitamins, no vitamins or other interventions, prior to conception, periconceptionally or in early pregnancy (less than 20 weeks' gestation).. At least two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, extracted data and assessed trial quality.. We identified 28 trials assessing supplementation with any vitamin(s) starting prior to 20 weeks' gestation and reporting at least one primary outcome that was eligible for the review. Overall, the included trials involved 96,674 women and 98,267 pregnancies. Three trials were cluster randomised and combined contributed data for 62,669 women and 64,210 pregnancies in total. No significant differences were seen between women taking any vitamins compared with controls for total fetal loss (relative risk (RR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.14), early or late miscarriage (RR 1.09, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.25) or stillbirth (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.13) and most of the other primary outcomes, using fixed-effect models. Compared with controls, women given any type of vitamin(s) pre or peri-conception were more likely to have a multiple pregnancy (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.70, three trials, 20,986 women).. Taking any vitamin supplements prior to pregnancy or in early pregnancy does not prevent women experiencing miscarriage or stillbirth. However, women taking vitamin supplements may be more likely to have a multiple pregnancy. There is insufficient evidence to examine the effects of different combinations of vitamins on miscarriage, stillbirth or other maternal and infant outcomes.

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy, Multiple; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin A; Vitamins

Miscarriage is a common complication of pregnancy that can be caused by a wide range of factors. Poor dietary intake of vitamins has been associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, therefore supplementing women with vitamins either prior to or in early pregnancy may help prevent miscarriage.. The objectives of this review are to determine the effectiveness and safety of any vitamin supplementation, on the risk of spontaneous miscarriage, maternal adverse outcomes and fetal and infant adverse outcomes.. We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (8 September 2004), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2003) and MEDLINE (1966 to May 2003), Current Contents (1998 to May 2003) and EMBASE (1980 to May 2003).. All randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing one or more vitamins with either placebo, other vitamins, no vitamins or other interventions, prior to conception, periconceptionally or in early pregnancy (less than 20 weeks' gestation).. Two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, extracted data and assessed trial quality.. We identified seventeen trials assessing supplementation with any vitamin(s) starting prior to 20 weeks' gestation and reporting at least one primary outcome that were eligible for the review. Overall, the included trials involved 35,812 women and 37,353 pregnancies. Two trials were cluster randomised and contributed data for 20,758 women and 22,299 pregnancies in total. No difference was seen between women taking any vitamins compared with controls for total fetal loss (relative risk (RR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.95 to 1.15), early or late miscarriage (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.24) or stillbirth (RR 0.85, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.14) and most of the other primary outcomes, using fixed-effect models. For the other primary outcomes, women given any type of vitamin(s) compared with controls were less likely to develop pre-eclampsia (RR 0.68, 95% CI 0.54 to 0.85, four trials, 5580 women) and more likely to have a multiple pregnancy (RR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.70, three trials, 20,986 women).. Taking vitamin supplements, alone or in combination with other vitamins, prior to pregnancy or in early pregnancy, does not prevent women experiencing miscarriage or stillbirth. However, women taking vitamin supplements may be less likely to develop pre-eclampsia and more likely to have a multiple pregnancy.

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin A; Vitamins

Prematurity and low birth weight are associated with high perinatal and infant mortality, especially in developing countries. Maternal micronutrient deficiencies may contribute to these adverse outcomes.. In a double-blind trial in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, we randomly assigned 8468 pregnant women (gestational age of fetus, 12 to 27 weeks) who were negative for human immunodeficiency virus infection to receive daily multivitamins (including multiples of the recommended dietary allowance) or placebo. All the women received prenatal supplemental iron and folic acid. The primary outcomes were low birth weight (<2500 g), prematurity, and fetal death.. The incidence of low birth weight was 7.8% among the infants in the multivitamin group and 9.4% among those in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70 to 0.95; P=0.01). The mean difference in birth weight between the groups was modest (67 g, P<0.001). The rates of prematurity were 16.9% in the multivitamin group and 16.7% in the placebo group (relative risk, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.91 to 1.11; P=0.87), and the rates of fetal death were 4.3% and 5.0%, respectively (relative risk, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.05; P=0.15). Supplementation reduced both the risk of a birth size that was small for gestational age (<10th percentile; 10.7% in the multivitamin group vs. 13.6% in the placebo group; relative risk, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.68 to 0.87; P<0.001) and the risk of maternal anemia (hemoglobin level, <11 g per deciliter; relative risk, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80 to 0.97; P=0.01), although the difference in the mean hemoglobin levels between the groups was small (0.2 g per deciliter, P<0.001).. Multivitamin supplementation reduced the incidence of low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age births but had no significant effects on prematurity or fetal death. Multivitamins should be considered for all pregnant women in developing countries. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00197548 [ClinicalTrials.gov].).

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Birth Weight; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fetal Death; HIV Seronegativity; Humans; Incidence; Infant Mortality; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Premature Birth; Tanzania; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin E; Vitamins

Women who had previously given birth to one or more infants with a neural-tube defect (NTD) were recruited into a trial of periconceptional multivitamin supplementation. 1 of 178 infants/fetuses of fully supplemented mothers (0.6%) had an NTD, compared with 13 of 260 infants/fetuses of unsupplemented mothers (5.0%).

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Avitaminosis; Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Combinations; Female; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Neural Tube Defects; Niacinamide; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamins

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Trophoblasts

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Copper; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Pregnancy

A group of 50 spontaneously aborting women was compared with the same number of pregnant women whose pregnancies terminated uneventfully. Biochemical parameters were studied and particular attention was paid to the vitamin C and E levels in both groups. A significantly higher percentage of aborting women had individual values of serum alpha-tocopherol above the 0.50 mg/100 ml normal limit. There was no significant difference in overall frequency distribution of vitamin C values in both groups. However, at the end of the first trimester the mean values of vitamin C were significantly higher in the aborting group. This could not be interpreted as an evidence of causal association.

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Vitamin E

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Birth Weight; Cricetinae; Female; Fetus; Guinea Pigs; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Aminocaproates; Ascorbic Acid; Extraembryonic Membranes; Female; Genitalia, Female; Humans; Labor, Obstetric; Oxytocin; Placenta Previa; Pregnancy; Pyridoxine; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Hemorrhage; Uterine Rupture; Vitamin K

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Congenital Abnormalities; Female; Fetal Death; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Carbohydrates; Diet; Extraembryonic Membranes; Female; Fetus; Glycogen; Liver; Organ Size; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats; Time Factors; Uterus

Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Administration, Oral; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Birth Weight; Body Weight; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Gestational Age; Lactation; Mice; Pregnancy; Rats; Reproduction

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Blood Volume; Female; Fetal Death; Fetus; Guinea Pigs; Hemoglobinometry; Hysterectomy; Laparotomy; Methemoglobin; Methemoglobinemia; Methylene Blue; Nitrites; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy, Animal

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Anemia, Hemolytic, Congenital; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Ergocalciferols; Female; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Jaundice, Neonatal; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Osteomalacia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Prolonged; Pyridoxine; Rats; Scurvy; Seizures; Skull; Vitamin A; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin E; Vitamin K; Vitamins

Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Estrone; Female; Humans; Injections, Subcutaneous; Pregnancy; Pregnanediol; Rats; Vaginal Smears

Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Animal Feed; Animals; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Fetal Death; Food; Guinea Pigs; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Threatened; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Flavonoids; Humans; Pregnancy

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Abortion, Threatened; Ascorbic Acid; Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Humans; Medroxyprogesterone; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Progestins; Vitamin E; Vitamin K 1

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Endometritis; Female; Flavonoids; Humans; Pathology; Prednisone; Pregnancy

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Flavonoids; Humans; Nutrition Therapy; Pregnancy; Vitamins

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Biomedical Research; Female; Flavonoids; Hesperidin; Humans; Pregnancy; Vitamins

Topics: Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Biomedical Research; Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins

Topics: Abortion, Habitual; Abortion, Induced; Abortion, Spontaneous; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Flavones; Humans; Pregnancy; Vitamins