artepillin-c and Disease-Models--Animal

Topics: Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Antioxidants; Brazil; Catalase; Disease Models, Animal; Gastric Mucosa; Male; Medicine, Traditional; Mice; Peroxidase; Phenylpropionates; Plant Extracts; Propolis; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stomach Ulcer; Superoxide Dismutase; Wound Healing

The xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibitory activity of propolis from China and Brazil was measured. The propolis from both place were seen to have XOD inhibitory activity. However, a stronger tendency was shown in the propolis from China. The compounds in each the propolis were measured quantitatively. A great deal of chrysin, galangin, and caffeic acid phenetyl ester were found in the propolis from China, an abundance of p-coumaric acid and artepillin C in the propolis from Brazil. Therefore it was revealed that the propolis compounds are very different depending on their place of origin. The XOD inhibitory activity of these five compounds was measured. Caffeic acid phenetyl ester had the strongest activity, with chrysin and galangin next; p-coumaric acid and artepillin C showed weak XOD inhibitory activity. We evaluated the hypouricemic effect of propolis from China on hyperuricemia induced by the uricase inhibitor, oxonic acid (500 mg/kg p.o., 1 h before the test drugs), and measured plasma uric acid values in rats. Oral propolis had a hypouricemic effect 2 h after its administration to oxonate-pretreated rats. These results suggested that a continuous intake of propolis may be effective for the prevention and the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Brazil; Caffeic Acids; China; Coumaric Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Flavonoids; Gout; Hyperuricemia; Male; Oxonic Acid; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Phenylpropionates; Propionates; Propolis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Uric Acid; Xanthine Oxidase

The protective effect of Brazilian propolis and its extract Artepillin C against ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA)-induced renal lipid peroxidation and carcinogenesis was studied in male ddY mice. Fe-NTA-induced renal lipid peroxidation leads to a high incidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in mice. Administration of propolis by gastric intubation 2 h before or Artepillin C at either the same time, 2 h, or 5 h before the intraperitoneal injection of Fe-NTA (7 mg Fe/kg) effectively inhibited renal lipid peroxidation. This was evaluated from the measurement of renal thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) or histochemical findings of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE)-modified proteins and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). Repeated injection of Fe-NTA (10 mg Fe/kg per day, twice a week for a total of 16 times in 8 weeks) caused subacute nephrotoxicity as revealed by necrosis and pleomorphic large nuclear cells in the renal proximal tubules, and gave rise to RCC 12 months later. A protective effect from carcinogenicity was observed in mice given propolis or Artepillin C. Furthermore, the mice given Fe-NTA only developed multiple cysts composed of precancerous lesions with multilayered and proliferating large atypical cells. Mice treated with propolis and Artepillin C also had cysts, but these were dilated and composed of flat cells. These results suggest that propolis and Artepillin C prevent oxidative renal damage and the carcinogenesis induced by Fe-NTA in mice.

Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Aldehydes; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Deoxyguanosine; Disease Models, Animal; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Female; Ferric Compounds; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect; Kidney; Kidney Neoplasms; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mice; Mutagens; Nitrilotriacetic Acid; Phenylpropionates; Propolis; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances