arginine and Osteoporosis

arginine has been researched along with Osteoporosis in 40 studies

Research

Studies (40)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-19905 (12.50)18.7374
1990's6 (15.00)18.2507
2000's9 (22.50)29.6817
2010's17 (42.50)24.3611
2020's3 (7.50)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Kida, Y; Marumo, K; Saito, M; Shinohara, A; Soshi, S1
Chi, X; Han, Y; Li, F; Li, Z; Qin, Y; Wang, Y; Xiao, J; Xie, W1
Furey, A; Liu, M; Rahman, P; Randell, EW; Sun, G; Werdyani, S; Zhai, G; Zhang, H1
Ikegami, S; Kato, H; Nakamura, Y; Nakano, M; Sakai, N; Suzuki, T; Takahashi, J; Tokida, R; Uehara, M1
Banno, T; Fujita, T; Matsuyama, Y; Nishida, T; Ohishi, T; Okabayashi, R; Suzuki, D; Ushirozako, H; Yamamoto, K1
Ito, K; Koike, H; Matsui, H; Miyazawa, Y; Nomura, M; Sekine, Y; Shibata, Y; Suzuki, K; Syuto, T1
Fujii, N; Hamano, T; Inoue, K; Isaka, Y; Ishimoto, T; Katou, Y; Kusunoki, Y; Matsui, I; Mori, D; Nakano, C; Nakano, T; Obi, Y; Rakugi, H; Shimomura, A; Takabatake, Y; Takehana, K; Tsubakihara, Y1
Blanco, R; Carnero-López, B; Genre, F; Gómez-Acebo, I; González-Gay, MA; González-Juanatey, C; Llorca, J; López-Mejías, R; Miranda-Filloy, JA; Pina, T; Rueda-Gotor, J; Ubilla, B; Villar-Bonet, A1
El-Maraghy, SA; Mehana, NA1
Marumo, K; Saito, M2
Yamauchi, M1
Miyakoshi, N1
Amling, M; Busse, B; Campbell, GM; Püschel, K; Schmidt, FN; Sroga, GE; Tang, SY; Vashishth, D; Zimmermann, EA1
Kida, Y; Marumo, K; Saito, M; Shinohara, A; Soshi, S; Ushiku, C1
Saito, M3
Higuchi, T; Kuroda, T; Saito, M; Shiraki, M; Shiraki, Y; Tanaka, S1
Kato, S; Kida, Y; Kuroda, T; Marumo, K; Saito, M; Takao-Kawabata, R; Ushiku, C1
Hosoya, T; Marumo, K; Mitome, J; Saito, M; Yamamoto, H; Yokoyama, K1
Suzuki, A1
Yamamoto, M1
Fini, M; Giardino, R; Giavaresi, G; Torricelli, P1
Franke, S; Hein, G; Lehmann, G; Stein, G; Wiegand, R1
Agrawal, CM; Li, X; Shen, X; Wang, X1
Cirnigliaro, M; Federici, A; Federici, M; Monacelli, F; Odetti, P; Poggi, A; Rossi, S1
Courtecuisse, V; Dommergues, JP; Girard, F; Limal, JM1
Arlot, ME; Bouxsein, ML; Byrjalsen, I; Delmas, PD; Leeming, DJ; Merabet, Z; Roux, JP; Viguet-Carrin, S1
Appleton, D; Coman, D; Jaeken, J; Klingberg, S; MacDonald, R; McGill, J; Morris, D1
Ceriello, A; D'Onofrio, F; Guigliano, D; Passariello, N; Sgambato, S; Torella, R1
Hoekman, K; Visser, JJ1
Abate, G; Brillante, C; Fraccalaglio, L; Taormina, F1
Hoshino, H; Inoue, T; Kawana, K; Kushida, K; Ohishi, T; Takahashi, M; Uchiyama, A1
Marttinen, M; Parto, K; Simell, O; Svedström, E; Virtama, P1
Cantelli Forti, G; Fini, M; Giardino, R; Giavaresi, G; Gnudi, S; Mongiorgi, R; Nicoli Aldini, N; Orienti, L; Piotti, D; Rocca, M; Rossetti, A; Sapone, A; Valdrè, C1
Bilezikian, JP; Chan, FK; Kurland, ES; Rosen, CJ1
Anast, CS; Carpenter, TO; Holtrop, ME; Levy, HL; Shih, VE1
Kass, L1
Bardin, CW; Cargille, CM; Lipsett, MB; Rifkind, AB; Ross, GT1

Reviews

9 review(s) available for arginine and Osteoporosis

ArticleYear
[Determinants of bone quality and strength independent of bone remodeling].
    Clinical calcium, 2016, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Aging; Animals; Arginine; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Remodeling; Collagen; Diphosphonates; Female; Fractures, Stress; Glucocorticoids; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Lysine; Male; Osteoporosis; Precision Medicine; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

2016
[The assessment of bone quality in lifestyle-related diseases].
    Clinical calcium, 2016, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Arginine; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Remodeling; Collagen; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Life Style; Lysine; Osteoporosis; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Risk; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

2016
[Changes in bone quality and strength with bone-forming agents].
    Clinical calcium, 2016, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Anabolic Agents; Animals; Arginine; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Collagen; Compressive Strength; Female; Fractures, Stress; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Haplorhini; Humans; Lysine; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Rats; Spinal Fractures; Teriparatide

2016
[Biochemical markers of bone turnover. New aspect. Bone collagen metabolism: new biological markers for estimation of bone quality].
    Clinical calcium, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:8

    Topics: Arginine; Biomarkers; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Bone Resorption; Collagen; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Homocysteine; Humans; Lysine; Osteoporosis; Oxidative Stress

2009
[Poor bone quality in diabetes and arterioscelerosis].
    Clinical calcium, 2009, Volume: 19, Issue:9

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Arteriosclerosis; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Collagen; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Fractures, Bone; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Homocysteine; Humans; Lysine; Osteoporosis; Risk

2009
[Bone quality markers: pentosidine, homocysteine, and MTHFR polymorphism].
    Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology, 2009, Volume: 57, Issue:9

    Topics: Arginine; Biomarkers; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Lysine; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Osteoporosis; Polymorphism, Genetic

2009
[CKD-MBD (Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder). Bone quality in chronic kidney disease : enzymatic and non-enzymatic glycation or oxidation induced cross-links in bone].
    Clinical calcium, 2010, Volume: 20, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Chronic Disease; Collagen; Fractures, Bone; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Kidney Diseases; Lysine; Osteoporosis; Oxidative Stress; Risk

2010
[Is bone biopsy necessary for the diagnosis of metabolic bone diseases? Non- invasive assessment of bone turn over markers could define the cause of metabolic bone diseases].
    Clinical calcium, 2011, Volume: 21, Issue:9

    Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arginine; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Collagen Type I; Diagnosis, Differential; Homocysteine; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lysine; Osteoporosis; Peptide Fragments; Peptides; Procollagen; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

2011
[Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis. Predictive candidate markers for fracture risk in diabetic patients].
    Clinical calcium, 2012, Volume: 22, Issue:9

    Topics: Arginine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Lysine; Osteoporosis; Risk Factors

2012

Trials

2 trial(s) available for arginine and Osteoporosis

ArticleYear
[The effects of the carbocalcitonin + arginine-lysine-lactose combination in senile involutional osteoporosis].
    Minerva medica, 1994, Volume: 85, Issue:5

    Topics: Aged; Arginine; Bone Density; Calcitonin; Calcium; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Glycerophosphates; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Lactose; Lysine; Male; Osteoporosis

1994
Normal growth hormone secretory reserve in men with idiopathic osteoporosis and reduced circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I.
    The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 1998, Volume: 83, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Arginine; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Levodopa; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Secretory Rate; Stimulation, Chemical

1998

Other Studies

29 other study(ies) available for arginine and Osteoporosis

ArticleYear
Non-invasive skin autofluorescence, blood and urine assays of the advanced glycation end product (AGE) pentosidine as an indirect indicator of AGE content in human bone.
    BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2019, Dec-27, Volume: 20, Issue:1

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Arginine; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Collagen; Female; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Optical Imaging; Osteoporosis; Osteoporotic Fractures; Oxidative Stress; Sex Factors; Skin

2019
Neuropeptide Y1 receptor antagonist promotes osteoporosis and microdamage repair and enhances osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells via cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway.
    Aging, 2020, 05-07, Volume: 12, Issue:9

    Topics: Aged; Animals; Arginine; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Down-Regulation; Female; Humans; Male; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Rats; Receptors, Neuropeptide Y; X-Ray Microtomography

2020
Endotypes of primary osteoarthritis identified by plasma metabolomics analysis.
    Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2021, 06-18, Volume: 60, Issue:6

    Topics: Aged; Arginine; Body Mass Index; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Fasting; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Male; Metabolomics; Muscle Weakness; Osteoarthritis, Hip; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Osteoporosis; Palmitic Acid; Prevalence; Quality Control; Wasting Syndrome

2021
Reference values for bone metabolism in a Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic elderly resident registry.
    Scientific reports, 2021, 04-09, Volume: 11, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Alkaline Phosphatase; Arginine; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Cohort Studies; Female; Femur Neck; Hip; Humans; Japan; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Reference Values; Registries; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vitamin D

2021
Changes of bone mineral density and serum pentosidine during a 27-month follow-up of monthly minodronate in osteoporotic patients.
    Endocrine research, 2017, Volume: 42, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arginine; Bone Density; Diphosphonates; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Imidazoles; Lysine; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Outcome Assessment, Health Care

2017
Evaluation of Bone Turnover / Quality Markers and Bone Mineral Density in Prostate Cancer Patients Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy with or without Denosumab.
    Anticancer research, 2017, Volume: 37, Issue:7

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Androgen Antagonists; Arginine; Biomarkers; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Bone Remodeling; Denosumab; Femur Neck; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

2017
Dietary L-lysine prevents arterial calcification in adenine-induced uremic rats.
    Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2014, Volume: 25, Issue:9

    Topics: Adenine; Alanine; Animals; Apoptosis; Arginine; Calcium; Calcium Phosphates; Cells, Cultured; Chemical Precipitation; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Homoarginine; Humans; Lysine; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Osteoporosis; Proline; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solutions; Uremia; Vascular Calcification

2014
IGF-1 and ADMA levels are inversely correlated in nondiabetic ankylosing spondylitis patients undergoing anti-TNF-alpha therapy.
    BioMed research international, 2014, Volume: 2014

    Topics: Adipokines; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Arginine; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Infliximab; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Osteopontin; Osteoporosis; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

2014
Modulatory effects of l-arginine and soy enriched diet on bone homeostasis abnormalities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
    Chemico-biological interactions, 2015, Mar-05, Volume: 229

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Bone and Bones; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Homeostasis; Male; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Soy Foods

2015
Assessment of collagen quality associated with non-enzymatic cross-links in human bone using Fourier-transform infrared imaging.
    Bone, 2017, Volume: 97

    Topics: Adolescent; Arginine; Bone and Bones; Collagen; Cross-Linking Reagents; Diphosphonates; Humans; Lysine; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Ribose; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

2017
Raloxifene ameliorates detrimental enzymatic and nonenzymatic collagen cross-links and bone strength in rabbits with hyperhomocysteinemia.
    Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2010, Volume: 21, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Collagen; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Lysine; Methionine; Osteoporosis; Rabbits; Raloxifene Hydrochloride; Stress, Mechanical

2010
Urinary pentosidine and plasma homocysteine levels at baseline predict future fractures in osteoporosis patients under bisphosphonate treatment.
    Journal of bone and mineral metabolism, 2011, Volume: 29, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Arginine; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates; Female; Fractures, Bone; Homocysteine; Humans; Lysine; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Proportional Hazards Models

2011
Changes in the contents of enzymatic immature, mature, and non-enzymatic senescent cross-links of collagen after once-weekly treatment with human parathyroid hormone (1-34) for 18 months contribute to improvement of bone strength in ovariectomized monkeys
    Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2011, Volume: 22, Issue:8

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Bone Density; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Calcium; Collagen; Compressive Strength; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lysine; Macaca fascicularis; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Phosphates; Teriparatide; X-Ray Microtomography

2011
Nonenzymatic cross-linking pentosidine increase in bone collagen and are associated with disorders of bone mineralization in dialysis patients.
    Calcified tissue international, 2011, Volume: 88, Issue:6

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Arginine; Bone and Bones; Bone Diseases; Calcification, Physiologic; Case-Control Studies; Collagen; Cross-Linking Reagents; Female; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis; Renal Dialysis; Up-Regulation

2011
Human osteopenic bone-derived osteoblasts: essential amino acids treatment effects.
    Artificial cells, blood substitutes, and immobilization biotechnology, 2003, Volume: 31, Issue:1

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Amino Acids, Essential; Arginine; Biomarkers; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Cell Differentiation; Cell Division; Female; Femur Head; Humans; Lysine; Osteoblasts; Osteoporosis

2003
Advanced glycation end-products pentosidine and N epsilon-carboxymethyllysine are elevated in serum of patients with osteoporosis.
    Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2003, Volume: 42, Issue:10

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Arginine; Bone Resorption; Female; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis

2003
Age-related changes of noncalcified collagen in human cortical bone.
    Annals of biomedical engineering, 2003, Volume: 31, Issue:11

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Arginine; Bone Remodeling; Cadaver; Collagen; Cross-Linking Reagents; Elasticity; Female; Femoral Fractures; Femur; Haversian System; Humans; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Protein Denaturation

2003
Advanced glycation end products and bone loss during aging.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2005, Volume: 1043

    Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arginine; Bone and Bones; Female; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Lysine; Male; Osteoporosis

2005
[Growth in height, bone and endocrine abnormalities in hypoplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Eleven cases].
    Annales de pediatrie, 1976, Volume: 23, Issue:8-9

    Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Adult; Arginine; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; Body Height; Bone and Bones; Cardiovascular Abnormalities; Child; Child, Preschool; Cholestasis; Endocrine System; Female; Fibrosis; Follow-Up Studies; Growth Disorders; Growth Hormone; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Male; Ornithine; Osteoporosis; Syndrome; Testis

1976
Contribution of the advanced glycation end product pentosidine and of maturation of type I collagen to compressive biomechanical properties of human lumbar vertebrae.
    Bone, 2006, Volume: 39, Issue:5

    Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arginine; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone Density; Cadaver; Collagen Type I; Female; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis

2006
Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1a: three siblings with a mild neurological phenotype.
    Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia, 2007, Volume: 14, Issue:7

    Topics: Adult; Arginine; Ataxia; Cerebellar Diseases; Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation; Female; Histidine; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Lysine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mutation; Osteoporosis; Phenotype; Phosphotransferases (Phosphomutases); Siblings

2007
Glucose metabolism in patients receiving chronic calcitonin treatment.
    Diabete & metabolisme, 1982, Volume: 8, Issue:3

    Topics: Aged; Arginine; Blood Glucose; C-Peptide; Calcitonin; Female; Glucagon; Glucose; Glucose Tolerance Test; Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin; Male; Middle Aged; Osteitis Deformans; Osteoporosis

1982
Arginine supplementation in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
    Medical hypotheses, 1994, Volume: 43, Issue:5

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Arginine; Bone Development; Bone Remodeling; Growth Hormone; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Osteoporosis

1994
Quantitative analysis of crosslinks pyridinoline and pentosidine in articular cartilage of patients with bone and joint disorders.
    Arthritis and rheumatism, 1994, Volume: 37, Issue:5

    Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Amino Acids; Arginine; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Bone Diseases; Cartilage, Articular; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder; Cross-Linking Reagents; Female; Femur Head Necrosis; Hip Joint; Humans; Joint Diseases; Knee Joint; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Osteoporosis

1994
Skeletal manifestations of lysinuric protein intolerance. A follow-up study of 29 patients.
    Skeletal radiology, 1993, Volume: 22, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Arginine; Biological Transport; Bone and Bones; Bone Development; Child; Child, Preschool; Dietary Proteins; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Lysine; Male; Middle Aged; Ornithine; Osteoporosis; Radiography

1993
[Experimental osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency in rats. Role of a lactose, L-arginine and L-lysine combination in the prevention and therapy].
    Minerva medica, 1996, Volume: 87, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Lactose; Lysine; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors

1996
Lysinuric protein intolerance presenting as childhood osteoporosis. Clinical and skeletal response to citrulline therapy.
    The New England journal of medicine, 1985, Jan-31, Volume: 312, Issue:5

    Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Arginine; Bone Development; Child, Preschool; Citrulline; Female; Humans; Lysine; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis

1985
Metachromatic staining of basic nucleoproteins in chronic erythremic myelosis.
    American journal of clinical pathology, 1974, Volume: 62, Issue:1

    Topics: Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Anemia, Pernicious; Arginine; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Nucleus; Chromatography, Paper; Chronic Disease; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute; Nucleoproteins; Osteoporosis; Staining and Labeling; Thalassemia

1974
Studies of the pituitary-Leydig cell axis in young men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and hyposmia: comparison with normal men, prepuberal boys, and hypopituitary patients.
    The Journal of clinical investigation, 1969, Volume: 48, Issue:11

    Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Glands; Adult; Arginine; Bone and Bones; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Clomiphene; Cryptorchidism; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypogonadism; Hypopituitarism; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Leydig Cells; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Metyrapone; Olfaction Disorders; Osteoporosis; Pituitary Function Tests; Pituitary Gland; Pituitary-Adrenal Function Tests; Testosterone; Thyroid Gland

1969