apyrase and Hermanski-Pudlak-Syndrome

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), secreted from platelets and endothelial cells after injury, is required for thrombus formation. The effect of platelet and endothelial cell granule contents on PDI-mediated thrombus formation was studied by intravital microscopy using a mouse model of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome in which platelet dense granules are absent. Platelet deposition and fibrin generation were nearly absent, and extracellular PDI was significantly reduced in HPS6(-/-) mice after vascular injury. HPS6(-/-) platelets displayed impaired PDI secretion and impaired exocytosis of α granules, lysosomes, and T granules due to decreased sensitivity to thrombin, but these defects could be corrected by addition of subthreshold amounts of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP). Human Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome platelets demonstrated similar characteristics. Infusion of wild-type platelets rescued thrombus formation in HPS6(-/-) mice. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells in which the HPS6 gene was silenced displayed impaired PDI secretion and exocytosis of Weibel-Palade bodies. Defective thrombus formation in Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, associated with impaired exocytosis of residual granules in endothelial cells and platelets, the latter due to deficiency of ADP, is characterized by a defect in T granule secretion, a deficiency in extracellular PDI secretion, and impaired fibrin generation and platelet aggregation. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is an example of a hereditary disease whereby impaired PDI secretion contributes to a bleeding phenotype.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Apyrase; Blood Platelets; Cell Degranulation; Disease Models, Animal; Endothelial Cells; Exocytosis; Female; Fibrin; Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Platelet Aggregation; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases; RNA, Small Interfering; Thrombin; Thrombosis; Vesicular Transport Proteins