apyrase and Hematologic-Neoplasms

Leukemia develops as the result of intrinsic features of the transformed cell, such as gene mutations and derived oncogenic signaling, and extrinsic factors, such as a tumor-friendly, immunosuppressed microenvironment, predominantly in the lymph nodes and the bone marrow. There, high extracellular levels of nucleotides, mainly NAD

Topics: 5'-Nucleotidase; Adenosine Triphosphate; ADP-ribosyl Cyclase; ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1; Animals; Antigens, CD; Apyrase; GPI-Linked Proteins; Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; NAD; Nucleotidases

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) represents the only curative treatment approach for many patients with benign or malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system. However, post-transplant morbidity and mortality are significantly increased by the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). While alloreactive T cells act as the main cellular mediator of the GvH reaction, recent evidence suggests a critical role of the innate immune system in the early stages of GvHD initiation. Danger-associated molecular patterns released from the intracellular space as well as from the extracellular matrix activate antigen-presenting cells and set pro-inflammatory pathways in motion. This review gives an overview about danger signals representing therapeutic targets with a clinical perspective with a particular focus on extracellular nucleotides and ectonucleotidases.

Topics: Acute Disease; Animals; Antigens, CD; Apyrase; Graft vs Host Disease; Hematologic Neoplasms; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Pyrophosphatases; Receptors, Pattern Recognition; T-Lymphocytes; Transplantation, Homologous