apramycin and Body-Weight

During 1983, a series of trials was carried out in Greece, Italy and Jordan, to test the efficacy of the aminocyclitol antibiotic apramycin as a treatment for naturally acquired Escherichia coli infections in broilers. The trials involved a total of 40,389 broilers, 27-39 days of age, in twelve houses at eight different production sites. Three levels of apramycin medication were evaluated: 125, 250 and 500 mg activity/litre drinking water, administered for five consecutive days. Treatment was only initiated after disease had been confirmed by laboratory examination of dead birds. Not all treatments were evaluated in every house. However, each house contained a group of unmedicated birds as controls, while the remaining birds were allocated to one or more apramycin treatment groups. There was a reduction in mortality and an improvement in the final weight and the economic feed conversion ratio in all three treatment groups. The data presented provide support for the use of apramycin sulphate administered in the drinking water for the treatment of E. coli infections in broilers.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Chickens; Clinical Trials as Topic; Escherichia coli Infections; Nebramycin; Poultry Diseases

Comparative studies on some selected pharmacokinetic parameters for kanamycin in sheep, goats, rabbits, chickens and pigeons, and for apramycin in sheep, rabbits, chickens and pigeons were carried out after intravenous administration of the two drugs at a dose of 10 mg/kg. The results revealed that a two-compartment open model was most suitable for kanamycin, while for apramycin a one-compartment open model was usually optimal. The log distribution rate constant (alpha) of kanamycin was significantly correlated to the log of the body mass (r = 0.919, n = 5, p < 0.05). Interspecies differences in the apparent volume of distribution (Vda) of kanamycin were small. These differences were larger for apramycin, as were the variations in the area under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) and in the total body clearance (ClB) of both kanamycin and apramycin, both having almost a threefold difference depending on the species but without any correlation to body mass. The values of the log half-life of kanamycin in the mammals in this study and also those from data in the literature revealed a significant correlation with log body mass between animal species according to the equation: t1/2 beta = 38.47W0.21 (r = 0.7648, n = 10, p < 0.05).

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chickens; Columbidae; Female; Goats; Half-Life; Injections, Intravenous; Kanamycin; Male; Models, Statistical; Nebramycin; Rabbits; Sheep; Species Specificity

Investigations were carried out on 72 2-day-old broilers, divided into four groups (one control group--27 broilers and 3 experimental groups--15 broilers in each), treated with apramycin sulphate (AS), which was added to the food in concentration 0, 330, 1000 and 1600 mg/kg (corresponding to 0, 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg m.), in the course of 90 days. It was established that dose of 50 mg/kg m. AS does not causes toxic activities. With doses of 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg m. AS causes reduction of the degree of the pseudo-eosinophilic cells and increase of the percentage of leucocytes--in range similar to the physiological variations, contributes to stimulate the growth and the feed conversion. With doses of 150 and 250 mg/kg m. AS causes reduction of the content of haemoglobin and reduction of the number of erythrocytes; causes dystrophic changes in the internal organs.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Cells; Body Weight; Chickens; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Nebramycin; Time Factors

Use was made of four groups of six pigs each, weighing 40 to 50 kg to follow up the toxicity of Pharmachim's apramycin in the form of water-soluble powder of apramycin sulfate, given at the rate of (nil), 300, 500, and 1,000 mg per liter of drinking water in the course of 35 days. It was found that such treatment did not lead to changes in the general status of the animals. On the contrary, apramycin sulfate stimulated growth and improved feed conversion. In concentrations of up to 300 mg/l the preparation did not produce an essential effect on the clinico-laboratory indices, and did not lead to toxic alterations of the viscera. In concentrations of 500 and 1,000 mg/l and extending the period to more than 15 days an occasional drop of the percent of lobular neutrophilic leukocytes and rise of the percent of lymphocytes in the blood might occur. This could lead to dystrophic processes in the liver and to negligible changes of the same character in both the kidneys and the heart.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blood Cell Count; Body Weight; Chronic Disease; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hemoglobins; Male; Nebramycin; Swine; Swine Diseases; Time Factors