apnea has been researched along with Weight Gain in 14 studies
Apnea: A transient absence of spontaneous respiration.
Weight Gain: Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.
| Excerpt | Relevance | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| "We randomly assigned 2006 infants with birth weights of 500 to 1250 g during the first 10 days of life to receive either caffeine or placebo, until drug therapy for apnea of prematurity was no longer needed." | 9.12 | Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. ( Barrington, KJ; Davis, P; Doyle, LW; Ohlsson, A; Roberts, RS; Schmidt, B; Solimano, A; Tin, W, 2006) |
| "In this blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we found that infants who received supplemental carnitine did not demonstrate any reduction in apnea of prematurity, ventilator or nasal continuous positive airway pressure days, or the need for supplemental oxygen therapy." | 9.10 | Role of L-carnitine in apnea of prematurity: a randomized, controlled trial. ( Barrington, KJ; Barshop, BA; Finer, NN; O'Donnell, J; Rich, W, 2002) |
| "This study determined the effect of modifying a single aspect of the intermediate care environment on the incidence of apnea and rate of weight gain in convalescent preterm infants." | 9.08 | Effect of standard rest periods on apnea and weight gain in preterm infants. ( D'Auria, J; Holditch-Davis, D; O'Hale, A; Torres, C, 1997) |
| "Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of transpyloric tube feeding as a therapeutic option to reduce apnea and bradycardia in hospitalized very low birthweight (VLBW) infants with clinical signs suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux (GER)." | 7.75 | Transpyloric tube feeding in very low birthweight infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux: impact on apnea and bradycardia. ( Cotten, CM; Goldberg, RN; Malcolm, WF; Mears, S; Smith, PB, 2009) |
| "We randomly assigned 2006 infants with birth weights of 500 to 1250 g during the first 10 days of life to receive either caffeine or placebo, until drug therapy for apnea of prematurity was no longer needed." | 5.12 | Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. ( Barrington, KJ; Davis, P; Doyle, LW; Ohlsson, A; Roberts, RS; Schmidt, B; Solimano, A; Tin, W, 2006) |
| "In this blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we found that infants who received supplemental carnitine did not demonstrate any reduction in apnea of prematurity, ventilator or nasal continuous positive airway pressure days, or the need for supplemental oxygen therapy." | 5.10 | Role of L-carnitine in apnea of prematurity: a randomized, controlled trial. ( Barrington, KJ; Barshop, BA; Finer, NN; O'Donnell, J; Rich, W, 2002) |
| "To determine the effect of indwelling versus intermittent feeding tube placement on weight gain, apnea, and bradycardia in premature neonates." | 5.08 | Indwelling versus intermittent feeding tubes in premature neonates. ( Ballantyne, M; Pinelli, J; Stevens, B; Symington, A, 1995) |
| "This study determined the effect of modifying a single aspect of the intermediate care environment on the incidence of apnea and rate of weight gain in convalescent preterm infants." | 5.08 | Effect of standard rest periods on apnea and weight gain in preterm infants. ( D'Auria, J; Holditch-Davis, D; O'Hale, A; Torres, C, 1997) |
| "01), apnea/bradycardia (heart rate less than 90/min) requiring intervention to increase the heart rate (P less than ." | 5.06 | A randomized trial to develop criteria for administering erythrocyte transfusions to anemic preterm infants 1 to 3 months of age. ( Christensen, RD; Kimura, RE; Koenig, JM; Noble, NA; Ross, MP; Rothstein, G; Simmons, MA, 1989) |
| "Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of transpyloric tube feeding as a therapeutic option to reduce apnea and bradycardia in hospitalized very low birthweight (VLBW) infants with clinical signs suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux (GER)." | 3.75 | Transpyloric tube feeding in very low birthweight infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux: impact on apnea and bradycardia. ( Cotten, CM; Goldberg, RN; Malcolm, WF; Mears, S; Smith, PB, 2009) |
| " After a postsurgery recovery of at least 7 days, we studied all animals to detect the presence of apnea and the consequences of it, if any." | 3.69 | Age-dependent vulnerability to carotid chemodenervation in piglets. ( Côté, A; Meehan, B; Porras, H, 1996) |
| "To identify dosing strategies that will assure stable caffeine concentrations in preterm neonates despite changing caffeine clearance during the first 8 weeks of life." | 1.46 | Caffeine Citrate Dosing Adjustments to Assure Stable Caffeine Concentrations in Preterm Neonates. ( Datta, AN; Jost, K; Koch, G; Pfister, M; Schulzke, SM; van den Anker, J, 2017) |
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 1 (7.14) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 5 (35.71) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 5 (35.71) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 3 (21.43) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Koch, G | 1 |
| Datta, AN | 1 |
| Jost, K | 1 |
| Schulzke, SM | 1 |
| van den Anker, J | 1 |
| Pfister, M | 1 |
| Matagne, V | 1 |
| Ehinger, Y | 1 |
| Saidi, L | 1 |
| Borges-Correia, A | 1 |
| Barkats, M | 1 |
| Bartoli, M | 1 |
| Villard, L | 1 |
| Roux, JC | 1 |
| Barrington, KJ | 3 |
| Fortin-Pellerin, E | 1 |
| Pennaforte, T | 1 |
| Malcolm, WF | 1 |
| Smith, PB | 1 |
| Mears, S | 1 |
| Goldberg, RN | 1 |
| Cotten, CM | 1 |
| Schmidt, B | 1 |
| Roberts, RS | 1 |
| Davis, P | 1 |
| Doyle, LW | 1 |
| Ohlsson, A | 1 |
| Solimano, A | 1 |
| Tin, W | 1 |
| Coulter, DM | 1 |
| Stevenson, DK | 1 |
| Symington, A | 1 |
| Ballantyne, M | 1 |
| Pinelli, J | 1 |
| Stevens, B | 1 |
| Riordan, LL | 1 |
| Kelly, DH | 1 |
| Shannon, DC | 1 |
| Côté, A | 1 |
| Porras, H | 1 |
| Meehan, B | 1 |
| Torres, C | 1 |
| Holditch-Davis, D | 1 |
| O'Hale, A | 1 |
| D'Auria, J | 1 |
| Waite, A | 1 |
| Emery, J | 1 |
| Taylor, E | 1 |
| Carpenter, R | 1 |
| Gardner, A | 1 |
| O'Donnell, J | 1 |
| Finer, NN | 1 |
| Rich, W | 1 |
| Barshop, BA | 1 |
| Ross, MP | 1 |
| Christensen, RD | 1 |
| Rothstein, G | 1 |
| Koenig, JM | 1 |
| Simmons, MA | 1 |
| Noble, NA | 1 |
| Kimura, RE | 1 |
| Trial | Phase | Enrollment | Study Type | Start Date | Status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feasibility and Safety of Duodenal Feeds in Very Low Birth Weight Infants[NCT04246333] | 30 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2020-08-07 | Recruiting | |||
| A Prospective, Controlled Trial of Inhalation of Low Concentration of CO2 in Preterm Infants Not Responding to Caffeine for the Treatment of Apnea of Prematurity[NCT01911182] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 7 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2011-10-31 | Terminated (stopped due to Low recruitment rate) | ||
| High Versus Low Dose Caffeine as Respiratory Stimulant in Preterm Infants[NCT04144712] | Phase 1 | 80 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2019-04-01 | Recruiting | ||
| Efficacy and Safety of Methylxanthines in Very Low Birthweight Infants[NCT00182312] | Phase 3 | 2,000 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 1999-10-31 | Completed | ||
| Long-Term Effects On Sleep Of Methylxanthine Therapy For Apnea Of Prematurity[NCT01020357] | Phase 3 | 201 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2009-11-30 | Completed | ||
| [NCT01066728] | Phase 2/Phase 3 | 87 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2001-08-31 | Completed | ||
| Safety of Sildenafil in Premature Infants With Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia[NCT04447989] | Phase 2 | 120 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2021-05-27 | Recruiting | ||
| A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Early Caffeine in Preterm Neonates[NCT03086473] | Phase 4 | 24 participants (Actual) | Interventional | 2017-02-01 | Active, not recruiting | ||
| Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Safety of Caffeine in Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia[NCT05295784] | Phase 1 | 18 participants (Anticipated) | Interventional | 2024-06-30 | Not yet recruiting | ||
| Correlation Between Carnitine Deficiency and Hypoglycemic Events in Type I Diabetes; Effects of Carnitine Supplementation on Hypoglycemic Events in Type I Diabetes[NCT00351234] | 200 participants (Actual) | Observational | 2004-10-31 | Completed | |||
| [information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024] | |||||||
1 review available for apnea and Weight Gain
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Fluid restriction for treatment of preterm infants with chronic lung disease.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Chronic Disease; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, | 2017 |
5 trials available for apnea and Weight Gain
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Combined Modality Th | 2006 |
Indwelling versus intermittent feeding tubes in premature neonates.
Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Catheterization; Catheters, Indwelling; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Infant, Newbo | 1995 |
Effect of standard rest periods on apnea and weight gain in preterm infants.
Topics: Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Neonatal Nursing; Re | 1997 |
Role of L-carnitine in apnea of prematurity: a randomized, controlled trial.
Topics: Aminophylline; Apnea; Carnitine; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Di | 2002 |
A randomized trial to develop criteria for administering erythrocyte transfusions to anemic preterm infants 1 to 3 months of age.
Topics: Anemia, Neonatal; Apnea; Blood Transfusion; Bradycardia; Erythrocyte Transfusion; Erythropoiesis; He | 1989 |
8 other studies available for apnea and Weight Gain
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Caffeine Citrate Dosing Adjustments to Assure Stable Caffeine Concentrations in Preterm Neonates.
Topics: Apnea; Birth Weight; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Citrates; Dose-Response Relationsh | 2017 |
A codon-optimized Mecp2 transgene corrects breathing deficits and improves survival in a mouse model of Rett syndrome.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Apnea; Codon; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dependovirus; Disease Models, Animal; Di | 2017 |
Transpyloric tube feeding in very low birthweight infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux: impact on apnea and bradycardia.
Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Child Development; Cohort Studies; Enteral Nutrition; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing | 2009 |
Caffeine for apnea of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Diuresis; Growth; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weig | 2006 |
On the caffeination of prematurity.
Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Infant, Newb | 2007 |
Slow weight gain is associated with increased periodic breathing in healthy infants.
Topics: Apnea; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Reference Values; Weight Gain | 1994 |
Age-dependent vulnerability to carotid chemodenervation in piglets.
Topics: Aging; Anesthesia; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; Blood Gas Analysis; Body Temperature; Carotid B | 1996 |
The comparative costs of care using apnoea monitors and scales in families with a cot death.
Topics: Apnea; Child Health Services; Child, Preschool; Consumer Behavior; Durable Medical Equipment; Home C | 1993 |