apnea and Pregnancy studies

Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different doses of caffeine in treatment of primary apnea in preterm infants."	9.22	[Clinical effectiveness of different doses of caffeine for primary apnea in preterm infants]. ( Liu, G; Tian, X; Zhao, Y, 2016)
"The primary cause of seizure-induced death for all mice was apnea, as (1) apnea began during a seizure and continued for tens of minutes until terminal asystole, and (2) death was prevented by mechanical ventilation."	8.02	Postictal Death Is Associated with Tonic Phase Apnea in a Mouse Model of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy. ( Blizzard, EA; Goodkin, HP; Meisler, MH; Panchal, PS; Patel, MK; Richerson, GB; Saraf, P; Teran, FA; Wagley, PK; Wagnon, JL; Wengert, ER; Wenker, IC, 2021)
" Although those patients experience frequent apneas and sleep-wake disturbances during their hospital stay, clinicians still rely on clinical scales to assess pain and stress burden."	7.91	The implementation of an apnea-based perinatal stress calculator. ( Bollen, B; Caicedo, A; Deviaene, M; Jansen, K; Lavanga, M; Moeyersons, J; Naulaers, G; Ortibus, E; Van Huffel, S; Varon, C; Wel, O, 2019)
"Prenatal nicotinic exposure (PNE) reportedly sensitizes bronchopulmonary C-fibers (PCFs) and prolongs PCF-mediated apnea in rat pups, contributing to the pathogenesis of sudden infant death syndrome."	7.91	Prolongation of bronchopulmonary C-fiber-mediated apnea by prenatal nicotinic exposure in rat pups: role of 5-HT ( Gao, X; Leng, S; Wallen, M; Xu, F; Zhao, L; Zhuang, J, 2019)
"Apnea is a life-threatening complication of pertussis, now a re-emerging cause of infant hospitalization worldwide."	7.88	Apnea in infants hospitalized with pertussis: Incidence and gestational smoking association. ( Calvo-Cillán, A; Moreno-Pérez, D; Ramos-Fernández, JM; Sánchez-González, JM; Sánchez-Pérez, M, 2018)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is nearly universal among very preterm infants, but neither the apnea burden nor its clinical associations have been systematically studied in a large consecutive cohort."	7.83	Clinical associations of immature breathing in preterm infants: part 1-central apnea. ( Delos, J; Fairchild, K; Kattwinkel, J; Lake, D; Mohr, M; Moorman, JR; Paget-Brown, A; Tabacaru, C, 2016)
" The neonatal course was complicated by severe obstructive apnea necessitating tracheostomy."	7.80	Syngnathia and obstructive apnea in a case of popliteal pterygium syndrome. ( Dariya, V; Edmonds, JL; Lee, EI; Posey, JE; Premkumar, MH; Probst, FJ, 2014)
"To investigate for any association between episodes of apnea, desaturation and bradycardia and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)."	7.79	Episodes of apnea, desaturation and bradycardia and the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a case-control study. ( Ali, N; Bensouda, B; Mandel, R; Sant'Anna, GM; Tarazi, SE, 2013)
"Recurrent apneas are important causes of hospitalization and morbidity in newborns."	7.79	Gestational stress promotes pathological apneas and sex-specific disruption of respiratory control development in newborn rat. ( Bairam, A; Caravagna, C; Fournier, S; Gulemetova, R; Julien, C; Kinkead, R; Soliz, J; Steele, S, 2013)
" Apnea for 45 minutes was observed after succinylcholine administration."	7.78	[Apnea after general anesthesia for revision of uterus in parturient with K-variant of the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BChE)]. ( Bahar, M; Miller-Roll, T; Negomireanu, S; Pilcha, I; Weksler, N, 2012)
"A neonatal mouse model of intermittent hypoxia (IH) simulating the recurring hypoxia/reoxygenation episodes of apnea of prematurity (AOP) was developed."	7.77	A neonatal mouse model of intermittent hypoxia associated with features of apnea in premature infants. ( Cai, J; Gozal, D; Tuong, CM, 2011)
" We hypothesized that prenatal nicotine exposure (via moist snuff) causes disturbances in autonomic control and thereby increases the risk of apnea in the newborn."	7.77	Relationship of maternal snuff use and cigarette smoking with neonatal apnea. ( Bonamy, AK; Cnattingius, S; Gunnerbeck, A; Wickström, R; Wikström, AK, 2011)
"A patient developed prolonged apnea after emergency cesarean section."	7.76	[Prolonged apnea from rocuronium in a patient with hypermagnesemia after cesarean section: a case report]. ( Asada, A; Funai, Y; Ikeda, Y; Takahashi, R, 2010)
"Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of transpyloric tube feeding as a therapeutic option to reduce apnea and bradycardia in hospitalized very low birthweight (VLBW) infants with clinical signs suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux (GER)."	7.75	Transpyloric tube feeding in very low birthweight infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux: impact on apnea and bradycardia. ( Cotten, CM; Goldberg, RN; Malcolm, WF; Mears, S; Smith, PB, 2009)
"This article will suggest that moderate sleep apnea may have an adaptive benefit, the reduction of nocturnal, respiratory heat loss, that may have caused it to be selected for despite the associated disadvantages."	7.75	Sleep apnea, respiratory cooling and thermoregulation. ( Reser, JE, 2009)
"To report a case of severe apnea in an infant exposed to lamotrigine through breast-feeding."	7.75	Severe apnea in an infant exposed to lamotrigine in breast milk. ( Aronsen, L; Nordmo, E; Småbrekke, L; Vorren, S; Wasland, K, 2009)
"Apnea in a premature infant is not always due to immaturity and caffeine is not always the answer."	7.75	Non-Rotavirus infection causing apnea in a neonate. ( Akierman, A; Kamaluddeen, M; Lodha, A, 2009)
"Apnea of prematurity develop during the first days of life and usually resolve by the time the infant reaches 36-37 weeks postmenstrual age."	7.73	[Apnea of prematurity: risk factors and ambulatory treatment with caffeine citrate]. ( Baudon, JJ; Biran-Mucignat, V; Boelle, PY; Ducrocq, S; Gold, F; Lebas, F, 2006)
"Our laboratory previously reported that active glottal closure was present in 90% of spontaneous central apneas in premature lambs while maintaining a high-apneic lung volume (Renolleau S, Letourneau P, Niyonsenga T, and Praud JP."	7.72	Active glottal closure during central apneas limits oxygen desaturation in premature lambs. ( Arsenault, J; Dome, V; Dorion, D; Fortier, PH; Lafond, JR; Moreau-Bussiere, F; Praud, JP; Reix, P, 2003)
" On postnatal days 1--2, 5--6 and 10--11, the pups were exposed either to a single period of hypoxia produced by breathing an anoxic gas mixture (97% N(2) and 3% CO(2)) and their time to last gasp determined, or they were exposed repeatedly to hypoxia and their ability to autoresuscitate from primary apnea determined."	7.71	Prenatal exposure to nicotine impairs protective responses of rat pups to hypoxia in an age-dependent manner. ( Fewell, JE; Ng, VK; Smith, FG, 2001)
" We hypothesized that conditioned apneas in these animals can be reduced or abolished by presentation of counterconditioning stimuli, which would prevent the respiratory controller from being influenced by nonrespiratory stimuli and affecting breathing rhythmicity."	7.69	Modification of conditioned apneas in rats: evidence for cortical involvement. ( Friedman, L; MacKenzie, CN; Strohl, KP; Thomas, AJ, 1995)
" It is concluded that fetal hypoxic apnea may be mediated by inhibitory alpha 2-adrenergic receptors which can be blocked by the antagonist L-657,743."	7.68	Central effects of an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist on fetal lambs: a possible mechanism for hypoxic apnea. ( Bamford, O; Hawkins, RL, 1990)
" In all animals, symptoms of local anesthetic toxicity occurred in the usual order--convulsions, hypotension, apnea, and circulatory collapse."	7.68	Systemic toxicity of ropivacaine during ovine pregnancy. ( Arthur, GR; Covino, BG; Finster, M; Morishima, HO; Pedersen, H; Santos, AC, 1991)
" Comparison of the groups using quantitative measures of apnea, bradycardia, and periodic breathing obtained from pneumogram analysis and the incidence of monitor alarms on bedside nursing records showed no significant differences."	7.67	Transplacentally acquired caffeine and the occurrence of apnea, bradycardia, and periodic breathing in preterm infants: preliminary communication. ( Braun, RJ; Evans, MA; Kelly, DH; McCulloch, KM; Simms, PE, 1989)
"To evaluate the relationship of antecedent maternal smoking and caffeine consumption habits on the occurrence of apnea in their offspring, rates for central and obstructive apnea were analyzed in a cohort of mother-infant pairs."	7.67	Effects of maternal smoking and caffeine habits on infantile apnea: a retrospective study. ( Bendell, D; Duke, JC; Mattice, CD; McCaffree, MA; Orr, WC; Toubas, PL, 1986)
"A 2750-g female infant was born at 36 weeks' gestation to a 40-year-old woman treated with clonazepam throughout her pregnancy."	7.67	Neonatal apnea associated with maternal clonazepam therapy: a case report. ( Coleman, JM; Edgren, BE; Fisher, JB; Mammel, MC, 1985)
"7%) had episodes of apnea greater than 30 seconds in duration, all of which were accompanied by bradycardia less than 100 beats per minute; 25 infants (2."	7.66	Prolonged apnea and cardiac arrhythmias in infants discharged from neonatal intensive care units: failure to predict an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome. ( Alexander, JR; Arrowsmith, WA; Cree, JE; Fleming, PJ; Goncalves, A; Orme, RL; Rhoden, KJ; Richards, JM; Shinebourne, EA; Southall, DP, 1982)
" Bases on the results it may be speculated upon whether brain stem enkephalin neurons are involved in the pathogenesis of neonatal transient apnea and irregular breathing."	7.66	Transient apnea after an enkephalin analogue in the preterm rabbit. ( Bergman, B; Hedner, J; Hedner, T; Lundberg, D, 1981)
" It was concluded that a breath-to-breath interval of 6 seconds or more is a rational definition of fetal apnea during the last 10 weeks of pregnancy."	7.66	A definition of human fetal apnea and the distribution of fetal apneic intervals during the last ten weeks of pregnancy. ( Campbell, K; Carmichael, L; Natale, R; Patrick, J; Richardson, B, 1980)
"Data from a prospective study of 50,826 neonates were used to determine the frequency and significance of disorders related to apnea in newborns."	7.66	Neonatal apnea: underlying disorders. ( Naeye, RL, 1979)
"Episodes of cyanosis, bradycardia, or apnea were studied in 26 newborns and prematures by continuous recording of tcPO2, beat-to-beat heart rate, and impedance pneumography."	7.66	Evaluation of tcPO2, beat-to-beat heart rate and respiration in neonates with episodes of cyanosis, bradycardia, or apnea. ( Hürter, P; Larsen, H; Pörksen, C, 1979)
"The administration of 160 mg of propranolol during pregnancy, labor, and delivery was associated with profound hypoglycemia and respiratory depression in a newborn infant."	7.65	Propranolol therapy during pregnancy, labor, and delivery: evidence for transplacental drug transfer and impaired neonatal drug disposition. ( Cottrill, CM; Gettes, L; McAllister, RG; Noonan, JA, 1977)
" RDS, MRM, and a composite of RDS, TTN, and apnea were more likely among those who had a sibling with respiratory morbidity, per maternal report (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] of RDS, 2."	5.51	History of respiratory problems in prior infant and respiratory morbidity in subsequent pregnancy. ( Dude, A; Ross, N; Suresh, SC, 2022)
"To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of different doses of caffeine in treatment of primary apnea in preterm infants."	5.22	[Clinical effectiveness of different doses of caffeine for primary apnea in preterm infants]. ( Liu, G; Tian, X; Zhao, Y, 2016)
"Preterm infants experience frequent cardiorespiratory events (CREs) including multiple episodes of apnea and bradycardia per day."	5.16	Exposure to biological maternal sounds improves cardiorespiratory regulation in extremely preterm infants. ( Doheny, L; Hurwitz, S; Insoft, R; Lahav, A; Ringer, S, 2012)
" Data from the D and C patients was treated separately from that for TOP and ERPC patients; marked differences were found in incremental requirements for methohexitone, the frequency of apnea, the observed respiratory rates, and the mean arterial pressure."	5.05	A clinical trial of alfentanil as an adjuvant for short anaesthetic procedures. ( Hull, CJ; Jacobson, L, 1983)
" A significant increase of apnea and periodic breathing movements in the fetus followed the smoking of a standard cigarette; a similar but nonsignificant change occurred in a dose-related way after the 4 mg."	5.04	Maternal smoking and fetal breathing movements. ( Brantmark, B; Gennser, G; Marsál, K, 1975)
" As intermittent hypoxemia is a consequence of immature respiratory control and resultant apnea superimposed upon an immature lung, improvements in clinical care must include a thorough knowledge of premature lung development and pathophysiology that is unique to premature birth."	4.93	Cardiorespiratory events in preterm infants: etiology and monitoring technologies. ( Di Fiore, JM; Gauda, E; MacFarlane, P; Martin, RJ; Poets, CF, 2016)
" The male infant who was born by spontaneous delivery at 35 weeks of gestational age presented with fever, tachycardia and tachypnea at rest on day 11 after birth, and developed severe apnea on day 14."	4.89	[Neonatal hyperthyroidism: a case report and literature review]. ( Li, N; Li, XH; Yao, YM, 2013)
"Preoxygenation increases oxygen reserves and duration of apnea without desaturation (DAWD), thus it provides valuable additional time to secure the airway."	4.85	Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. ( Donati, F; Drolet, P; Tanoubi, I, 2009)
" Both the presence and severity of apnea of prematurity progressively decrease the higher the postmenstrual age."	4.83	Ontogeny of autonomic regulation in late preterm infants born at 34-37 weeks postmenstrual age. ( Hunt, CE, 2006)
"A female infant born at 33 weeks gestation to a gestationally diabetic mother developed apnea and respiratory distress at 6 hours of age."	4.81	Neonatal diabetes mellitus: patient report and review of the literature. ( Alpay, F; Dündaryz, MR; Gyknay, E; Sarici, SU, 2001)
" These reflexes, known collectively as the laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR), include startle, rapid swallowing, apnea, laryngeal constriction, hypertension, and bradycardia."	4.81	Maturation and transformation of reflexes that protect the laryngeal airway from liquid aspiration from fetal to adult life. ( Thach, BT, 2001)
" The postnatal apnea appears to be the result of the fetus central nervous system depressive state."	4.76	[Functional origin of the respiratory system in ontogeny. II. The biological importance of the act of birth and the start of extrauterine respiration]. ( Eksler, ND; Pelevinov, VA; Safonov, VA, 1984)
" These factors (immaturity, hyperoxia, hypoxia, blood transfusions, intraventricular hemorrhage, apnea, infection, hypercarbia, hypocarbia, patent ductus arteriosus, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, vitamin E deficiency, lactic acidosis, prenatal complications, genetic factors) may all be present in an infant."	4.76	A reexamination of the role of oxygen in retrolental fibroplasia. ( Dangman, B; Lucey, JF, 1984)
"09), and presence of apnea (OR = 5."	4.31	Risk Factors for Severe Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Hospitalized Children. ( Jackowska, T; Kobiałka, M; Wrotek, A, 2023)
"The primary cause of seizure-induced death for all mice was apnea, as (1) apnea began during a seizure and continued for tens of minutes until terminal asystole, and (2) death was prevented by mechanical ventilation."	4.02	Postictal Death Is Associated with Tonic Phase Apnea in a Mouse Model of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy. ( Blizzard, EA; Goodkin, HP; Meisler, MH; Panchal, PS; Patel, MK; Richerson, GB; Saraf, P; Teran, FA; Wagley, PK; Wagnon, JL; Wengert, ER; Wenker, IC, 2021)
" Considering the important role laryngeal chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors play in triggering apnea and cough, we studied whether LA suppressed the apneic responses to stimulation of these receptors via directly acting on the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN)."	3.96	Liquiritin apioside attenuates laryngeal chemoreflex but not mechanoreflex in rat pups. ( Gao, X; Jiao, Y; Wei, W; Xu, F; Zhao, L; Zhuang, J, 2020)
" Vaccinated preterms and terms had a lower median length of hospital stay and lower crude risks of apneas and the need for artificial respiration, additional oxygen, and ICU admittance than those not vaccinated."	3.91	Pertussis hospitalizations among term and preterm infants: clinical course and vaccine effectiveness. ( Baauw, A; de Melker, HE; Sanders, EAM; van der Maas, NAT; Versteegh, FGA; Westerhof, A, 2019)
" Although those patients experience frequent apneas and sleep-wake disturbances during their hospital stay, clinicians still rely on clinical scales to assess pain and stress burden."	3.91	The implementation of an apnea-based perinatal stress calculator. ( Bollen, B; Caicedo, A; Deviaene, M; Jansen, K; Lavanga, M; Moeyersons, J; Naulaers, G; Ortibus, E; Van Huffel, S; Varon, C; Wel, O, 2019)
"Intrathecal morphine provides excellent analgesia after cesarean delivery; however, respiratory events such as apnea, bradypnea, and hypoxemia have been reported."	3.91	Prospective Observational Investigation of Capnography and Pulse Oximetry Monitoring After Cesarean Delivery With Intrathecal Morphine. ( Akdagli, S; Carvalho, B; Deutsch, L; Turvall, E; Weiniger, CF, 2019)
"Prenatal nicotinic exposure (PNE) reportedly sensitizes bronchopulmonary C-fibers (PCFs) and prolongs PCF-mediated apnea in rat pups, contributing to the pathogenesis of sudden infant death syndrome."	3.91	Prolongation of bronchopulmonary C-fiber-mediated apnea by prenatal nicotinic exposure in rat pups: role of 5-HT ( Gao, X; Leng, S; Wallen, M; Xu, F; Zhao, L; Zhuang, J, 2019)
"Apnea is a life-threatening complication of pertussis, now a re-emerging cause of infant hospitalization worldwide."	3.88	Apnea in infants hospitalized with pertussis: Incidence and gestational smoking association. ( Calvo-Cillán, A; Moreno-Pérez, D; Ramos-Fernández, JM; Sánchez-González, JM; Sánchez-Pérez, M, 2018)
"We present a boy with an uneventful vaginal birth, who presented one hour after birth with apnea, hypotonia, mydriasis, tongue fasciculation, and tonic seizures."	3.88	Transplacental lidocaine intoxication. ( Cools, F; Demeulemeester, V; Lefevere, J; Van Hautem, H, 2018)
"6), apnea (RR = 5."	3.85	Neonatal Outcomes Associated With Placental Abruption. ( Downes, KL; Grantz, KL; Shenassa, ED, 2017)
"Remifentanil may be used by laboring women for analgesia, despite controversy because of potential apneas."	3.85	Analysis of Physiological Respiratory Variable Alarm Alerts Among Laboring Women Receiving Remifentanil. ( Carvalho, B; Einav, S; Stocki, D; Weiniger, CF, 2017)
"The pneumotach showed a linear response and clean, steady respiratory traces in which apneas and sighs were clearly visible."	3.85	A low cost, simplified, and scaleable pneumotachograph and face mask for neonatal mouse respiratory measurements. ( Nanu, R; Ray, RS; Sun, JJ, 2017)
") without or with pretreatment of SR140333 (a peripheral and selective NK1R antagonist) was compared and the prolonged apnea by PNE significantly shortened by SR140333."	3.83	Prenatal nicotinic exposure upregulates pulmonary C-fiber NK1R expression to prolong pulmonary C-fiber-mediated apneic response. ( Lee, LY; Lin, Y; Xu, F; Zang, N; Zhao, L; Zhuang, J, 2016)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is nearly universal among very preterm infants, but neither the apnea burden nor its clinical associations have been systematically studied in a large consecutive cohort."	3.83	Clinical associations of immature breathing in preterm infants: part 1-central apnea. ( Delos, J; Fairchild, K; Kattwinkel, J; Lake, D; Mohr, M; Moorman, JR; Paget-Brown, A; Tabacaru, C, 2016)
"Prenatal nicotinic exposure (PNE) as a SIDS model reportedly sensitizes bronchopulmonary C-fibers (PCFs), contributing to the prolonged PCF-mediated apnea in rat pups, but the relevant mechanisms are not fully understood."	3.83	Bronchopulmonary C-fibers' IL1RI contributes to the prolonged apneic response to intra-atrial injection of capsaicin by prenatal nicotinic exposure in rat pups. ( Xu, F; Zhao, L; Zhuang, J, 2016)
" Seven-day-old pups derived of these dams were evaluated in terms of respiration rates (breaths/min) and apneas when subjected to different experimental conditions."	3.81	Neonatal sensitization to ethanol-induced breathing disruptions as a function of late prenatal exposure to the drug in the rat: modulatory effects of ethanol's chemosensory cues. ( Cullere, M; Haymal, B; Langer, MD; Macchione, AF; Molina, JC; Paradelo, M; Spear, NE, 2015)
" Multilevel logistic regression models, with an interaction term for asthma and race/ethnicity, estimated within-group adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, placental abruption, premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, maternal hemorrhage, neonatal intensive care unit admissions, small for gestational age, apnea, respiratory distress syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, anemia, and hyperbilirubinemia after adjustment for clinical and demographic confounders."	3.81	Does maternal asthma contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in obstetrical and neonatal complications? ( Flores, KF; Hwang, BS; Laughon Grantz, K; Leishear, K; Mendola, P; Robledo, CA, 2015)
" PNE produced apnea (lethal ventilatory arrest) identical to EMGdi silencing during hypoxia, indicating a central origin of this apneic response."	3.81	Prenatal nicotinic exposure augments cardiorespiratory responses to activation of bronchopulmonary C-fibers. ( Xu, F; Zang, N; Zhao, L; Zhuang, J, 2015)
" The neonatal course was complicated by severe obstructive apnea necessitating tracheostomy."	3.80	Syngnathia and obstructive apnea in a case of popliteal pterygium syndrome. ( Dariya, V; Edmonds, JL; Lee, EI; Posey, JE; Premkumar, MH; Probst, FJ, 2014)
"To investigate for any association between episodes of apnea, desaturation and bradycardia and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)."	3.79	Episodes of apnea, desaturation and bradycardia and the development of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a case-control study. ( Ali, N; Bensouda, B; Mandel, R; Sant'Anna, GM; Tarazi, SE, 2013)
"Recurrent apneas are important causes of hospitalization and morbidity in newborns."	3.79	Gestational stress promotes pathological apneas and sex-specific disruption of respiratory control development in newborn rat. ( Bairam, A; Caravagna, C; Fournier, S; Gulemetova, R; Julien, C; Kinkead, R; Soliz, J; Steele, S, 2013)
"Current knowledge suggests that laryngeal chemoreflexes (LCR) are involved in the occurrence of certain neonatal apneas/bradycardias, especially in the preterm newborn."	3.79	Effects of caffeine and/or nasal CPAP treatment on laryngeal chemoreflexes in preterm lambs. ( Bairam, A; Boudaa, N; Carrière, V; Germim, PS; Pasquier, JC; Praud, JP; Samson, N, 2013)
" A new and alarming finding among female users is increased risk for preterm birth, preeclampsia and neonatal apnea."	3.78	[Adverse effects of Swedish smokeless tobacco "snus"]. ( Ainamo, A; Lahtinen, A; Rautalahti, M; Wickholm, S, 2012)
" Apnea for 45 minutes was observed after succinylcholine administration."	3.78	[Apnea after general anesthesia for revision of uterus in parturient with K-variant of the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BChE)]. ( Bahar, M; Miller-Roll, T; Negomireanu, S; Pilcha, I; Weksler, N, 2012)
"A neonatal mouse model of intermittent hypoxia (IH) simulating the recurring hypoxia/reoxygenation episodes of apnea of prematurity (AOP) was developed."	3.77	A neonatal mouse model of intermittent hypoxia associated with features of apnea in premature infants. ( Cai, J; Gozal, D; Tuong, CM, 2011)
" We hypothesized that prenatal nicotine exposure (via moist snuff) causes disturbances in autonomic control and thereby increases the risk of apnea in the newborn."	3.77	Relationship of maternal snuff use and cigarette smoking with neonatal apnea. ( Bonamy, AK; Cnattingius, S; Gunnerbeck, A; Wickström, R; Wikström, AK, 2011)
" Blood oxygen saturation, baseline ventilatory parameters, and central apnea were monitored."	3.76	In utero exposure to smoking and peripheral chemoreceptor function in preterm neonates. ( Bach, V; Chardon, K; Delanaud, S; Djeddi, D; Léké, A; Libert, JP; Stéphan-Blanchard, E; Telliez, F, 2010)
"A patient developed prolonged apnea after emergency cesarean section."	3.76	[Prolonged apnea from rocuronium in a patient with hypermagnesemia after cesarean section: a case report]. ( Asada, A; Funai, Y; Ikeda, Y; Takahashi, R, 2010)
"Laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) apnea occurs in infant mammals of many species in response to water or other liquids in the laryngeal lumen."	3.75	Gestational cigarette smoke exposure and hyperthermic enhancement of laryngeal chemoreflex in rat pups. ( Bartlett, D; Crane-Godreau, M; Leiter, JC; Xia, L, 2009)
"Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of transpyloric tube feeding as a therapeutic option to reduce apnea and bradycardia in hospitalized very low birthweight (VLBW) infants with clinical signs suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux (GER)."	3.75	Transpyloric tube feeding in very low birthweight infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux: impact on apnea and bradycardia. ( Cotten, CM; Goldberg, RN; Malcolm, WF; Mears, S; Smith, PB, 2009)
"This article will suggest that moderate sleep apnea may have an adaptive benefit, the reduction of nocturnal, respiratory heat loss, that may have caused it to be selected for despite the associated disadvantages."	3.75	Sleep apnea, respiratory cooling and thermoregulation. ( Reser, JE, 2009)
"To report a case of severe apnea in an infant exposed to lamotrigine through breast-feeding."	3.75	Severe apnea in an infant exposed to lamotrigine in breast milk. ( Aronsen, L; Nordmo, E; Småbrekke, L; Vorren, S; Wasland, K, 2009)
"Apnea in a premature infant is not always due to immaturity and caffeine is not always the answer."	3.75	Non-Rotavirus infection causing apnea in a neonate. ( Akierman, A; Kamaluddeen, M; Lodha, A, 2009)
"We tested the hypothesis that postnatal exposure to progesterone or estradiol exerts distinct effects on respiratory control, apnea frequency, and on hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR)."	3.74	Contrasting effects of estradiol and progesterone on respiratory pattern and hypoxic ventilatory response in newborn male rats. ( Doan, VD; Joseph, V; Lefter, R, 2008)
", apnea, neurogenic dysphagia [ND], gastro-esophageal reflux disease [GERD], neuro-ophthalmologic disturbances [NOD])."	3.74	Reversal of hindbrain herniation after maternal-fetal surgery for myelomeningocele subsequently impacts on brain stem function. ( Adzick, NS; Bebbington, MW; Danzer, E; Finkel, RS; Johnson, MP; Rintoul, NE; Schwartz, ES; Zarnow, DM, 2008)
" Clinical features were hypotonia, pupillary mydriasis fixed to light, apnea, cyanosis and seizures."	3.74	[Lidocaine intoxication in newborn following maternal pudendal anesthesia: report of three cases]. ( de la Gastine, B; Guillemin, MG; Guillois, B; Lelong-Boulouard, V; Pagès, H; Quedru-Aboane, J, 2008)
" Why did the patient have no prolonged apnea and emergence after the previous anesthesia? As the surgical time was exceeded 4 hrs, plasma suxamethonium could fortunately be less than its effective concentration at emergence."	3.73	[Accidental use of suxamethonium for general anesthesia in a patient with hereditary hypocholinesterasemia that was not recognized preoperatively]. ( Futagami, M; Hashimoto, H; Hirota, K; Ishihara, H; Kitayama, M; Kushikata, T; Sakai, T; Tsutaya, S; Yasujima, M, 2006)
"Apnea of prematurity develop during the first days of life and usually resolve by the time the infant reaches 36-37 weeks postmenstrual age."	3.73	[Apnea of prematurity: risk factors and ambulatory treatment with caffeine citrate]. ( Baudon, JJ; Biran-Mucignat, V; Boelle, PY; Ducrocq, S; Gold, F; Lebas, F, 2006)
"Our laboratory previously reported that active glottal closure was present in 90% of spontaneous central apneas in premature lambs while maintaining a high-apneic lung volume (Renolleau S, Letourneau P, Niyonsenga T, and Praud JP."	3.72	Active glottal closure during central apneas limits oxygen desaturation in premature lambs. ( Arsenault, J; Dome, V; Dorion, D; Fortier, PH; Lafond, JR; Moreau-Bussiere, F; Praud, JP; Reix, P, 2003)
" Cesarian section was performed under general anesthesia in order to keep the infant in a state of apnea to prevent aerophagia, the so-called "sleeping baby", at the 38th week of gestation."	3.72	[Anesthetic management for a radical operation in an infant with cloacal exstrophy]. ( Hazama, K; Niiya, T; Shichinohe, Y; Tsunoda, K; Uruno, S, 2003)
" The effect of maternal smoking on apnea and arousal patterns in preterm infants is currently unknown."	3.72	The effect of maternal smoking on respiratory and arousal patterns in preterm infants during sleep. ( Beckerman, R; Jackson, T; Murphy, T; Sawnani, H; Simakajornboon, N, 2004)
"To determine if prenatal nicotine exposure alters the postnatal development of the ventilatory pattern and the frequency and duration of apneas, we recorded respiratory airflow with head-out body plethysmography in awake neonates on postnatal days 1, 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18."	3.72	Influence of prenatal nicotine exposure on postnatal development of breathing pattern. ( Brown, AR; Costy-Bennett, S; Fregosi, RF; Huang, YH; Luo, Z, 2004)
"Glycine encephalopathy, also known as nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH), is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a defect in the glycine cleavage system."	3.72	Natural history of nonketotic hyperglycinemia in 65 patients. ( Applegarth, D; Hamosh, A; Hoover-Fong, JE; Shah, S; Toone, J; Van Hove, JL, 2004)
" On postnatal days 1--2, 5--6 and 10--11, the pups were exposed either to a single period of hypoxia produced by breathing an anoxic gas mixture (97% N(2) and 3% CO(2)) and their time to last gasp determined, or they were exposed repeatedly to hypoxia and their ability to autoresuscitate from primary apnea determined."	3.71	Prenatal exposure to nicotine impairs protective responses of rat pups to hypoxia in an age-dependent manner. ( Fewell, JE; Ng, VK; Smith, FG, 2001)
" At all ages, hypoxic decline was ascribable mainly to a VT decrease, and posthypoxic decline was ascribable to a T(TOT) increase with apneas, suggesting different underlying neuronal mechanisms."	3.71	Maturation of baseline breathing and of hypercapnic and hypoxic ventilatory responses in newborn mice. ( Autret, F; Dauger, S; Gallego, J; Gaultier, C; Renolleau, S; Vardon, G, 2001)
"We examined the effects of in utero nicotine exposure on postnatal development of breathing pattern and ventilatory responses to hypoxia (7."	3.71	Prenatal nicotine exposure increases apnoea and reduces nicotinic potentiation of hypoglossal inspiratory output in mice. ( Adams, BM; Clarke, LL; Funk, GD; Kwok, H; Peebles, KC; Robinson, DM; Woollard, GA, 2002)
" Relative risk was also significantly increased with low 1 minute APGAR, primary apnea, and head circumference and length more than 2 SD below average but only in the low SES black subgroup."	3.70	Maternal and neonatal risk factors for mental retardation: defining the 'at-risk' child. ( Broman, SH; Camp, BW; Leff, M; Nichols, PL, 1998)
"A woman at 32 weeks' gestation with eclampsia was given 120 mg diazepam shortly before emergency caesarean section."	3.70	Neonatal flumazenil therapy reverses maternal diazepam. ( Dixon, JC; Dixon, JJ; Speidel, BD, 1998)
" Under baseline conditions, prenatal cocaine 1) increased the number of apneas expressed by silence of EMGdi or EMGpca and prolonged the duration of EMGpca-related apneas at both ages; 2) increased the number of periodic breathing episodes at both ages; 3) increased percent time of active sleep and decreased that of wakefulness at both ages; and 4) increased time in quiet sleep in the older animals, producing in them a sleep-wake distribution similar to that of the young neonates."	3.69	Chronic prenatal cocaine retards maturation of state and of respiratory patterns in swine. ( Laferrière, A; Moss, IR, 1995)
" We hypothesized that conditioned apneas in these animals can be reduced or abolished by presentation of counterconditioning stimuli, which would prevent the respiratory controller from being influenced by nonrespiratory stimuli and affecting breathing rhythmicity."	3.69	Modification of conditioned apneas in rats: evidence for cortical involvement. ( Friedman, L; MacKenzie, CN; Strohl, KP; Thomas, AJ, 1995)
"It is a current hypothesis that maternal history of drug addiction during pregnancy and detection of drugs in the urine of the newborn are associated with increased incidence of apnea."	3.69	Respiratory abnormalities in infants of substance-abusing mothers: role of prematurity. ( Duke, JC; Lawson, A; Parker, MD; Sekar, KC; Toubas, PL; Wyatt, E, 1994)
" Arterial blood samples were obtained before infusion and at the onset of toxic manifestations, which appeared in the following sequence: convulsions, hypotension, apnea, and circulatory collapse."	3.69	Comparative systemic toxicity of ropivacaine and bupivacaine in nonpregnant and pregnant ewes. ( Arthur, GR; De Armas, P; Finster, M; Morishima, HO; Santos, AC; Wlody, D, 1995)
" caused fetal apnea that was reduced from 143 +/- 45."	3.68	Influence of prolonged adenosine receptor blockade on fetal sleep and breathing patterns. ( Avital, A; Chernick, V; Jansen, AH; Sitar, DS, 1993)
"The existence of an IPIR in the healthy fetus between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation has already been demonstrated: compression of the fetal thoracic wall during an epoch of fetal breathing movements (FBM) consistently caused a fetal apnea (> or = 4 s)."	3.68	The intercostal-to-phrenic-inhibitory reflex (IPIR) in normal and intra-uterine growth-retarded (IUGR) human fetuses from 26 to 40 weeks of gestation. ( Nelen, W; Nijhuis, JG; Tas, BA; Willems, E, 1993)
" Immaturity at delivery, metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress syndrome and recurrent apnea are important mechanisms of cerebral injury contributing to severity of PVH-IVH."	3.68	Neonatal complications and risk of intraventricular-periventricular hemorrhage. ( Ciarlini, G; Ferrari, B; Luzietti, R; Merialdi, A; Tonni, G; Vadora, E, 1992)
"The influence of preoxygenation in the supine (n = 10) versus the 45 degrees head-up (n = 10) position on the duration of apnea leading to a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation to 95%, as monitored by pulse oximetry, was investigated in 20 women undergoing elective cesarean section at term of pregnancy."	3.68	Preoxygenation of pregnant and nonpregnant women in the head-up versus supine position. ( Baraka, AS; Hanna, MT; Jabbour, SI; Karam, KS; Khoury, NI; Nawfal, MF; Sibai, AA; Yazbeck, VG, 1992)
" Conditioning during neonatal life produced increased ventilatory irregularities and apnea during behaviorally defined sleep in adult rats."	3.68	A model of ventilatory instability induced in the unrestrained rat. ( Austin, W; Friedman, L; Strohl, KP; Thomas, AJ, 1992)
" It is concluded that fetal hypoxic apnea may be mediated by inhibitory alpha 2-adrenergic receptors which can be blocked by the antagonist L-657,743."	3.68	Central effects of an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist on fetal lambs: a possible mechanism for hypoxic apnea. ( Bamford, O; Hawkins, RL, 1990)
" In all animals, symptoms of local anesthetic toxicity occurred in the usual order--convulsions, hypotension, apnea, and circulatory collapse."	3.68	Systemic toxicity of ropivacaine during ovine pregnancy. ( Arthur, GR; Covino, BG; Finster, M; Morishima, HO; Pedersen, H; Santos, AC, 1991)
" The infant developed apnea, and not having known the above maternal history, was started on caffeine therapy."	3.67	Maternal coffee drinking and unusually high concentrations of caffeine in the newborn. ( Khanna, NN; Somani, SM, 1984)
" Apnea density and episodes of periodic breathing exceeded the 95th percentile for normal infants in 12 (38%) of 32 of cocaine-exposed infants vs only 1 (6%) of 18 opiate-exposed infants."	3.67	Prenatal cocaine exposure is associated with respiratory pattern abnormalities. ( Chasnoff, IJ; Hunt, CE; Kaplan, D; Kletter, R, 1989)
"The mechanisms underlying the apnea associated with both hypoxia and high-voltage electrocortical activity (HV ECOG) in the fetal lamb are not clearly understood."	3.67	Lateral pontine lesions affect central chemosensitivity in unanesthetized fetal lambs. ( Gluckman, PD; Johnston, BM, 1989)
" Comparison of the groups using quantitative measures of apnea, bradycardia, and periodic breathing obtained from pneumogram analysis and the incidence of monitor alarms on bedside nursing records showed no significant differences."	3.67	Transplacentally acquired caffeine and the occurrence of apnea, bradycardia, and periodic breathing in preterm infants: preliminary communication. ( Braun, RJ; Evans, MA; Kelly, DH; McCulloch, KM; Simms, PE, 1989)
" The most striking effect of maturation on apnea was a greater proportion of apnea lasting greater than 1 min, but the total duration of apnea as a percent of a total recording remained unchanged."	3.67	Maturation of spontaneous fetal diaphragmatic activity and fetal response to hypercapnia and hypoxemia. ( Chernick, V; Ioffe, S; Jansen, AH, 1987)
"To evaluate the relationship of antecedent maternal smoking and caffeine consumption habits on the occurrence of apnea in their offspring, rates for central and obstructive apnea were analyzed in a cohort of mother-infant pairs."	3.67	Effects of maternal smoking and caffeine habits on infantile apnea: a retrospective study. ( Bendell, D; Duke, JC; Mattice, CD; McCaffree, MA; Orr, WC; Toubas, PL, 1986)
" In conjunction with sleep-related apnea or hypoventilation, these could lead to maternal oxygen desaturation during sleep."	3.67	Breathing during sleep in normal pregnant women. ( Brownell, LG; Kryger, MH; West, P, 1986)
"7 Torr X ml-1 X min during apnea."	3.67	Upper airway resistances in fetal sheep: the influence of breathing activity. ( Bocking, AD; Harding, R; Sigger, JN, 1986)
"A 2750-g female infant was born at 36 weeks' gestation to a 40-year-old woman treated with clonazepam throughout her pregnancy."	3.67	Neonatal apnea associated with maternal clonazepam therapy: a case report. ( Coleman, JM; Edgren, BE; Fisher, JB; Mammel, MC, 1985)
" Average respiratory rate increased (90%) and fetal apnea decreased (60%) during hypercapnia."	3.66	Hypercapnic stimulation of respiratory activity in unanesthetized fetal sheep in utero. ( Bowes, G; Brodecky, V; Dowling, M; Maloney, JE; Ritchie, BC; Wilkinson, MH, 1981)
" During fetal apnea a forward surge of flow occurred during ventricular systole (systolic surge) and ventricular diastole (diastolic surge)."	3.66	Phasic blood flow patterns in the superior and inferior venae cavae and umbilical vein of fetal sheep. ( Dae, MW; Reuss, ML; Rudolph, AM, 1983)
"7%) had episodes of apnea greater than 30 seconds in duration, all of which were accompanied by bradycardia less than 100 beats per minute; 25 infants (2."	3.66	Prolonged apnea and cardiac arrhythmias in infants discharged from neonatal intensive care units: failure to predict an increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome. ( Alexander, JR; Arrowsmith, WA; Cree, JE; Fleming, PJ; Goncalves, A; Orme, RL; Rhoden, KJ; Richards, JM; Shinebourne, EA; Southall, DP, 1982)
" Confounding factors, including birth weight, sex, multiple birth, socioeconomic status, and apnea were evaluated."	3.66	Sudden infant death syndrome in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. ( Brown, ER; Neff, RK; Taeusch, HW; Werthammer, J, 1982)
" Bases on the results it may be speculated upon whether brain stem enkephalin neurons are involved in the pathogenesis of neonatal transient apnea and irregular breathing."	3.66	Transient apnea after an enkephalin analogue in the preterm rabbit. ( Bergman, B; Hedner, J; Hedner, T; Lundberg, D, 1981)
" Respiratory patterns generated by the fetus showed developmental changes that included 1) an emergence of a periodic modulation of respiratory rate producing alternating active and quite phases (mean cycle length of 37 min between 130 and 140 days' gestation; 2) an increase in percentage apnea (expiratory time greater than 10 s) from 20% at 110 days to 60% at 140 days; and 3) a linear decrease in the 2-h average respiratory rate, while mean rate during active phases showed no consistent gestational decline."	3.66	Development of patterns of respiratory activity in unanesthetized fetal sheep in utero. ( Adamson, TM; Bowes, G; Dowling, M; Maloney, JE; Ritchie, BC; Wilkinson, MH, 1981)
"Data from a prospective study of 50,826 neonates were used to determine the frequency and significance of disorders related to apnea in newborns."	3.66	Neonatal apnea: underlying disorders. ( Naeye, RL, 1979)
"Episodes of cyanosis, bradycardia, or apnea were studied in 26 newborns and prematures by continuous recording of tcPO2, beat-to-beat heart rate, and impedance pneumography."	3.66	Evaluation of tcPO2, beat-to-beat heart rate and respiration in neonates with episodes of cyanosis, bradycardia, or apnea. ( Hürter, P; Larsen, H; Pörksen, C, 1979)
" In all lambs, the abnormal intermittent breathing was preceded by prolonged apnea."	3.66	Intermittent breathing before death in fetal lambs. ( Chapman, RL; Dawes, GS; Rurak, DW; Wilds, PL, 1978)
" There was always a prolonged period of apnea succeeded by continuous abnormal breathing in six lambs and by gasping or brief episodes of abnormal breathing in the remainder."	3.65	Breathing patterns before death in fetal lambs. ( Dalton, KJ; Dawes, GS; Patrick, JE, 1976)
" The results are consonant with our concept of activation and recruitment of quiescent respiratory center neurones by somatic sensory stimulation, and they give fundamental support to the clinical observation of others that cutaneous stimulation is effective for the treatment of apnea of prematurity."	3.65	Cutaneous stimulation and generation of breathing in the fetus. ( Condorelli, S; Cosmi, EV; Scarpelli, EM, 1977)
"The administration of 160 mg of propranolol during pregnancy, labor, and delivery was associated with profound hypoglycemia and respiratory depression in a newborn infant."	3.65	Propranolol therapy during pregnancy, labor, and delivery: evidence for transplacental drug transfer and impaired neonatal drug disposition. ( Cottrill, CM; Gettes, L; McAllister, RG; Noonan, JA, 1977)
" Six infants were seen who appeared normal at birth but who, between 24 and 72, hours of age, developed apnea, irritability, lethargy, muscular twitchings and convulsions."	3.64	Hypoglycemia associated with symptoms in the newborn period. ( COODIN, FJ; FINKEL, KC; HAWORTH, JC; WEIDMAN, ML, 1963)
"Babies with seizures, as well as those with terminal apnoea, were also substantially more likely than controls to have been born after a failure to react appropriately to signs of severe fetal distress during labour."	2.65	Adverse outcome of pregnancy and the quality of obstetric care. ( Chalmers, I; Elbourne, D; Henson, G; Macfarlane, A; Niswander, K; Redman, C; Tizard, P, 1984)
"Mean birth weight was lower in the apnoea group versus the breathing group (683 vs."	1.46	Effects of Breathing and Apnoea during Sustained Inflations in Resuscitation of Preterm Infants. ( Bresesti, I; Castoldi, F; Cavigioli, F; La Verde, PA; Lista, G; Morley, CJ, 2017)
"Feeding hypoxemia was observed in 15 (10."	1.42	Asymmetric intrauterine growth restriction is a risk factor for respiratory inhibition after crying in infants. ( Ebisu, R; Ikeda, Y; Mima, A; Minowa, H; Ohgitani, A; Yasuhara, H, 2015)
"Labour, morbid obesity and sepsis accelerated pre-oxygenation and de-oxygenation during apnoea."	1.35	Pre-oxygenation and apnoea in pregnancy: changes during labour and with obstetric morbidity in a computational simulation. ( Bogod, DG; Hardman, JG; McClelland, SH, 2009)
"Population-based SIDS studies with >100 deaths, focusing on 1 or more pertinent risk factors and carried out during the decade in which CHIME data were collected, were chosen for comparison."	1.35	Apparent life-threatening events and sudden infant death syndrome: comparison of risk factors. ( Ehsani, N; Esani, N; Hodgman, JE; Hoppenbrouwers, T, 2008)
"Retinopathy of prematurity was detected in 10."	1.35	Risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in six neonatal intensive care units in Beijing, China. ( Chen, Y; Gilbert, C; Jiang, YR; Li, XX; Liang, JH; Yin, H; Zhao, MW, 2008)
"Morphine (1 mg/kg) was injected in the foetal jugular vein during low-voltage ECoG."	1.28	The effects of naloxone on the changes in breathing and behaviour induced by morphine in the foetal sheep. ( Cates, DB; Gibson, DA; Hasan, SU; Nowaczyk, BJ; Pinsky, C; Rigatto, H, 1990)
"A patient, with a history of cretinism, who developed suxamethonium apnoea as a consequence of a reduction in plasma cholinesterase activity secondary to the concurrence of pregnancy and liver dysfunction associated with pre-eclampsia is reported."	1.27	Suxamethonium apnoea associated with pregnancy and liver dysfunction in a treated cretin. ( Britten, JJ; Ferguson, A; Perriss, BW; Whittaker, M, 1983)
"was used to prevent a recurrence of the respiratory depression."	1.27	Apnoea associated with the intrathecal administration of morphine in obstetrics. A case report. ( Abouleish, E, 1988)
"In the last three years pneumococcal septicemia has been responsible for nine percent of early neonatal infections."	1.26	[Early neonatal pneumococcal infections (author's transl)]. ( Castro, C; Cotero, A; Gutiérrez, C; Jaquotot, R; López de Heredia, J, 1981)
"Neonatal withdrawal symptoms in 15 cases of fetal alcohol syndrome with maternal intoxication at time of delivery, reported in 9 studies, are compared with symptoms reported in 138 cases of neonatal narcotic withdrawal."	1.26	Symptoms of neonatal ethanol withdrawal. ( Gromisch, DS; Iosub, S; Robe, LB, 1981)
"Four major causes are trauma, asphyxia, medication, and malformation."	1.26	Resuscitation of the newborn. ( Lazzara, A, 1977)
"16% from Apnoe and approx."	1.25	[Infants of low birth weight after deliveries, morbidity and mortality (author's transl)]. ( Hohlweg-Majert, P; Kauert, S, 1975)

Research

Studies (292)

Authors

Clinical Trials (11)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Maximum Expired Fraction of Oxygen Obtained

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	143 (48.97)	18.7374
1990's	36 (12.33)	18.2507
2000's	46 (15.75)	29.6817
2010's	53 (18.15)	24.3611
2020's	14 (4.79)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Ross, N	1
Suresh, SC	1
Dude, A	1
Wong, CA	1
Mushambi, M	1
Panneflek, TJR	3
Kuypers, KLAM	3
Polglase, GR	3
Hooper, SB	5
van den Akker, T	3
Te Pas, AB	4
Lyons, C	3
Ellis, R	1
Laviola, M	2
Stolady, D	2
Valentine, RL	1
Pillai, A	4
Hardman, JG	5
Xu, F	6
Zhao, L	6
Zhuang, J	6
Gao, X	3
Kobiałka, M	1
Jackowska, T	1
Wrotek, A	1
Wei, W	1
Jiao, Y	1
van der Maas, NAT	1
Sanders, EAM	1
Versteegh, FGA	1
Baauw, A	1
Westerhof, A	1
de Melker, HE	1
Donnelly, WT	1
Haynes, RL	1
Commons, KG	1
Erickson, DJ	1
Panzini, CM	1
Xia, L	2
Han, QJ	1
Leiter, JC	2
Lavanga, M	1
Naulaers, G	1
Van Huffel, S	1
Wel, O	1
Caicedo, A	1
Deviaene, M	1
Moeyersons, J	1
Varon, C	1
Bollen, B	1
Jansen, K	1
Ortibus, E	1
Au, K	1
Shippam, W	1
Chau, A	1
De Queiroz Andrade, E	1
Da Silva Sena, CR	1
Collison, A	1
Murphy, VE	2
Gould, GS	1
Bonevski, B	1
Mattes, J	1
Oliphant, EA	1
McKinlay, CJD	1
McNamara, DG	1
Alsweiler, JM	1
Wenker, IC	1
Teran, FA	1
Wengert, ER	1
Wagley, PK	1
Panchal, PS	1
Blizzard, EA	1
Saraf, P	1
Wagnon, JL	1
Goodkin, HP	1
Meisler, MH	1
Richerson, GB	1
Patel, MK	1
Weibel, S	1
Jelting, Y	1
Afshari, A	1
Pace, NL	1
Eberhart, LH	1
Jokinen, J	1
Artmann, T	1
Kranke, P	1
Downes, KL	1
Shenassa, ED	1
Grantz, KL	1
Weiniger, CF	2
Akdagli, S	1
Turvall, E	1
Deutsch, L	1
Carvalho, B	2
Ramos-Fernández, JM	1
Sánchez-Pérez, M	1
Sánchez-González, JM	1
Calvo-Cillán, A	1
Moreno-Pérez, D	1
Sotiriadis, A	2
Makrydimas, G	2
Papatheodorou, S	2
Ioannidis, JP	2
McGoldrick, E	1
Demeulemeester, V	1
Van Hautem, H	1
Cools, F	1
Lefevere, J	1
Delaney, P	1
Crowe, S	1
Wallen, M	1
Leng, S	1
Gilbert, RD	1
Sukhtankar, P	1
Lachlan, K	1
Fowler, DJ	1
Li, N	1
Li, XH	1
Yao, YM	1
Selbst, SM	2
Tree, KC	1
Scotto di Perretolo, M	1
Peyronnet, J	1
Cayetanot, F	1
Palanisamy, A	1
Bailey, CR	1
Brozović, G	1
Mazul Sunko, B	1
Hafner, T	1
Bekavac, I	1
Minowa, H	2
Mima, A	1
Ikeda, Y	2
Yasuhara, H	2
Ebisu, R	1
Ohgitani, A	2
Posey, JE	1
Dariya, V	1
Edmonds, JL	1
Lee, EI	1
Probst, FJ	1
Premkumar, MH	1
Cullere, M	1
Macchione, AF	1
Haymal, B	1
Paradelo, M	1
Langer, MD	1
Spear, NE	1
Molina, JC	1
Flores, KF	1
Robledo, CA	1
Hwang, BS	1
Leishear, K	1
Laughon Grantz, K	1
Mendola, P	1
Zang, N	2
Kluckow, M	1
Burgess, L	1
McCaffery, K	1
Powell, H	1
Gibson, PG	1
Turner, RM	1
Lin, Y	1
Lee, LY	1
Di Fiore, JM	1
Poets, CF	1
Gauda, E	1
Martin, RJ	1
MacFarlane, P	1
Zhao, Y	1
Tian, X	1
Liu, G	1
Budhathoki, S	1
Poudel, P	1
Bhatta, NK	1
Singh, RR	1
Shrivastava, MK	1
Niraula, SR	1
Khanal, B	1
Fairchild, K	1
Mohr, M	1
Paget-Brown, A	1
Tabacaru, C	1
Lake, D	1
Delos, J	1
Moorman, JR	1
Kattwinkel, J	1
Starodubtseva, NL	1
Kononikhin, AS	1
Bugrova, AE	1
Chagovets, V	1
Indeykina, M	1
Krokhina, KN	1
Nikitina, IV	1
Kostyukevich, YI	1
Popov, IA	1
Larina, IM	1
Timofeeva, LA	1
Frankevich, VE	1
Ionov, OV	1
Degtyarev, DN	1
Nikolaev, EN	1
Sukhikh, GT	1
Chikhani, M	1
Tenorio-Lopes, L	1
Baldy, C	1
Jochmans-Lemoine, A	1
Mercier, O	1
Pothier-Piccinin, O	1
Seaborn, T	1
Joseph, V	2
Marc, I	1
Kinkead, R	2
Jones, A	1
Stocki, D	1
Einav, S	1
Lista, G	1
Cavigioli, F	1
La Verde, PA	1
Castoldi, F	1
Bresesti, I	1
Morley, CJ	1
Sun, JJ	1
Nanu, R	1
Ray, RS	1
Schneider, J	1
Mitchell, I	1
Singhal, N	1
Kirk, V	1
Hasan, SU	2
Shah, SK	1
Jain, S	1
Richardson, J	1
Spadafora, R	1
Lefter, R	1
Doan, VD	1
Crane-Godreau, M	1
Bartlett, D	1
Malcolm, WF	1
Smith, PB	1
Mears, S	1
Goldberg, RN	1
Cotten, CM	1
McClelland, SH	2
Bogod, DG	2
Tanoubi, I	1
Drolet, P	1
Donati, F	2
Danzer, E	1
Finkel, RS	1
Rintoul, NE	1
Bebbington, MW	1
Schwartz, ES	1
Zarnow, DM	1
Adzick, NS	1
Johnson, MP	1
Reser, JE	1
Nordmo, E	1
Aronsen, L	1
Wasland, K	1
Småbrekke, L	1
Vorren, S	1
Kamaluddeen, M	1
Lodha, A	1
Akierman, A	1
Stéphan-Blanchard, E	1
Chardon, K	1
Léké, A	1
Delanaud, S	1
Djeddi, D	1
Libert, JP	1
Bach, V	1
Telliez, F	1
Funai, Y	1
Takahashi, R	1
Asada, A	1
Hirayama, K	1
Bando, Y	1
Belal, SY	1
Emmerson, AJ	1
Beatty, PC	1
Cai, J	1
Tuong, CM	1
Gozal, D	1
Gunnerbeck, A	1
Wikström, AK	1
Bonamy, AK	1
Wickström, R	1
Cnattingius, S	1
Boisson-Bertrand, D	1
Doheny, L	2
Hurwitz, S	1
Insoft, R	1
Ringer, S	1
Lahav, A	2
van Vonderen, JJ	1
Siew, ML	1
de Boer, MA	1
Walther, FJ	1
Morey, JA	1
Ringer, SA	1
Wickholm, S	1
Lahtinen, A	1
Ainamo, A	1
Rautalahti, M	1
Bensouda, B	1
Tarazi, SE	1
Ali, N	1
Mandel, R	1
Sant'Anna, GM	1
Miller-Roll, T	1
Pilcha, I	1
Weksler, N	1
Negomireanu, S	1
Bahar, M	1
Fournier, S	2
Steele, S	1
Julien, C	1
Gulemetova, R	1
Caravagna, C	1
Soliz, J	1
Bairam, A	2
Boudaa, N	1
Samson, N	1
Carrière, V	1
Germim, PS	1
Pasquier, JC	1
Praud, JP	2
Reix, P	1
Arsenault, J	1
Dome, V	1
Fortier, PH	1
Lafond, JR	1
Moreau-Bussiere, F	1
Dorion, D	1
Yen, HR	1
Lien, R	1
Fu, RH	1
Chang, LY	1
NILSSON, E	1
OZINSKY, J	1
HARRISON, GG	1
WOOD, EC	1
BOLISTON, TA	1
GRAHAM, FK	1
ERNHART, CB	1
THURSTON, D	1
HAWORTH, JC	2
COODIN, FJ	1
FINKEL, KC	1
WEIDMAN, ML	1
SKUTELSKII, NM	1
STECHLER, G	1
MULLAN, DP	1
WILLIAMS, NE	1
MCRAE, KN	1
FINSTER, M	3
POPPERS, PJ	1
SINCLAIR, JC	1
MORISHIMA, HO	3
DANIEL, SS	1
GINSBURG, SJ	1
GERSTLEY, L	1
Uruno, S	1
Niiya, T	1
Shichinohe, Y	1
Hazama, K	1
Tsunoda, K	1
Sawnani, H	1
Jackson, T	1
Murphy, T	1
Beckerman, R	1
Simakajornboon, N	1
Benlolo, S	1
Lefoll, C	1
Katchatouryan, V	1
Payen, D	1
Mebazaa, A	1
Strock, D	1
Kuczkowski, KM	1
Greenberg, M	1
Huang, YH	1
Brown, AR	1
Costy-Bennett, S	1
Luo, Z	1
Fregosi, RF	1
Hoover-Fong, JE	1
Shah, S	1
Van Hove, JL	1
Applegarth, D	1
Toone, J	1
Hamosh, A	1
Zeidan, A	1
Nahlé, N	1
Alexander, R	1
Fardell, S	1
Hunt, CE	2
Hashimoto, H	1
Kushikata, T	1
Kitayama, M	1
Ishihara, H	1
Hirota, K	1
Sakai, T	1
Futagami, M	1
Yasujima, M	1
Tsutaya, S	1
Ducrocq, S	1
Biran-Mucignat, V	1
Boelle, PY	1
Lebas, F	1
Baudon, JJ	2
Gold, F	2
Yen, YH	1
Lin, TF	1
Huang, HH	1
Chan, WH	1
Yeh, HM	1
Lau, HP	1
Waring, J	1
Mahboobi, SK	1
Tyagaraj, K	1
Eddi, D	1
Huang, ZG	1
Griffioen, KJ	1
Wang, X	1
Dergacheva, O	1
Kamendi, H	1
Gorini, C	1
Mendelowitz, D	1
Esani, N	1
Hodgman, JE	1
Ehsani, N	1
Hoppenbrouwers, T	1
Chen, Y	1
Li, XX	1
Yin, H	1
Gilbert, C	1
Liang, JH	1
Jiang, YR	1
Zhao, MW	1
Pagès, H	1
de la Gastine, B	1
Quedru-Aboane, J	1
Guillemin, MG	1
Lelong-Boulouard, V	1
Guillois, B	1
Redline, RW	1
Sagar, P	1
King, ME	1
Krishnamoorthy, KS	1
Grabowski, EF	1
Roberts, DJ	1
Solis, A	1
Baillard, C	1
Creery, RD	1
Thompson, RG	1
Niswander, K	1
Henson, G	1
Elbourne, D	1
Chalmers, I	1
Redman, C	1
Macfarlane, A	1
Tizard, P	1
Cohen, SE	1
Rothblatt, AJ	1
Albright, GA	1
Anderson, KS	1
Kendall, JD	1
Safonov, VA	1
Eksler, ND	1
Pelevinov, VA	1
Hull, CJ	1
Jacobson, L	1
Lucey, JF	1
Dangman, B	1
Chautard-Freire-Maia, EA	1
Carvalho, RD	1
da Silva, MC	1
Souza, MG	1
Azevedo, ES	1
Khanna, NN	1
Somani, SM	1
Deam, D	1
Emmanuel, ER	1
Johnston, BM	2
Gluckman, PD	2
Bowes, G	2
Wilkinson, MH	2
Dowling, M	2
Ritchie, BC	2
Brodecky, V	1
Maloney, JE	2
Scarpelli, EM	2
Moss, IR	2
Bruce, EN	1
Reuss, ML	1
Rudolph, AM	1
Dae, MW	1
Ferguson, A	1
Whittaker, M	2

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Postoperative Respiratory Monitoring After Neuraxial Opioid Administration for Cesarean Delivery[NCT02417038]		80 participants (Actual)	Observational	2015-04-30	Completed
High Versus Low Dose Caffeine as Respiratory Stimulant in Preterm Infants[NCT04144712]	Phase 1	80 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-04-01	Recruiting
Feasibility and Safety of Duodenal Feeds in Very Low Birth Weight Infants[NCT04246333]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-07	Recruiting
"A Less-rapid Sequence Anesthetic Induction/Intubation Sequence? Does Apneic Oxygenation by Means of an Oxygenating Laryngoscope Blade Prolong the Duration of Apnea Without Desaturation in Paralyzed Non-obese and Morbidly Obese Patients?"[NCT02943629]		0 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-11-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to Lack of feasibility)
Airway Management Via the Retromolar Route Access - a Clinical Study[NCT01961817]		100 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-07-31	Completed
Self-Assembled Modified Macintosh Videolaryngoscope Versus McGrath Macintosh (MAC®) Videolaryngoscope: Which is Better?[NCT04850976]		62 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-06-01	Completed
EPO2-A: Evaluation of Different Pre-Oxygenation Condition in Morbid Obesity: Effect of Position and Positive Pressure Ventilation During General Anesthesia Induction[NCT02590406]		50 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Evaluation of Different Pre-Oxygenation Conditions in Morbid Obesity: Position and Ventilation Mode, in a Respiratory Physiology Laboratory, on Voluntary Subjects[NCT02121808]		20 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2014-04-30	Completed
PreOxygenation for Airway Management: High Flow Versus Conventional Preoxygenation Therapy[NCT03240614]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2018-07-30	Recruiting
Effect of the Duration of Pre-oxygenation (3 Minutes vs 6 Minutes) on Apnea Tolerance in Obese Patients (BMI> 30 kg / m2) During the Induction of General Anesthesia[NCT04699435]		200 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2021-01-13	Recruiting
Womb Recordings and Respiratory Control Maturation in Neonates[NCT05298748]		34 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2022-09-16	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Evaluation of the maximum expired oxygen fraction obtained in the two groups (NCT02590406)
Timeframe: After 3 minutes of pre-oxygenation

Minimum Arterial Saturation of Oxygen Obtained

Intervention	Maximum expired fraction of oxygen obtai (Mean)
Beach Chair (BC) and ZEEP	0.89
Reverse Trendelenburg and NIPPV	0.91

Evaluation of the minimal saturation obtained after the resumption of the ventilation (NCT02590406)
Timeframe: After the end of the Non-hypoxic apnea time

Non Hypoxic Apnea Time

Intervention	percent (Mean)
Beach Chair (BC) and ZEEP	83.6
Reverse Trendelenburg and NIPPV	85.3

Change of Non-hypoxic apnea time in obese patient during a General Anesthesia induction, as a result of different pre-oxygenation position and ventilation mode; 1-Beach Chair and No positive pressure ventilation, 2-Reverse Trendelenburg and positive pressure ventilation and PEEP. End of measure time frame is 5 minutes after intubation (NCT02590406)
Timeframe: After a 3 minutes pre-oxygenation period

Time to 97% Saturation

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Beach Chair (BC) and ZEEP	216.7
Reverse Trendelenburg and NIPPV	258.2

(NCT02590406)
Timeframe: Evaluation of the time needed to the beginning of the ventilation to the moment where the saturation is 97%

Time to Expired Oxygen Fraction > 0,9

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Beach Chair (BC) and ZEEP	88.4
Reverse Trendelenburg and NIPPV	68

Evaluation of time needed to obtain an expired fraction of oxygen of > 0,9 in the two groups during the pre-oxygenation (NCT02590406)
Timeframe: During the pre-oxygenation period

Functional Residual Capacity

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Beach Chair (BC) and ZEEP	145.3
Reverse Trendelenburg and NIPPV	85.1

Change of functional residual capacity (FRC), in obese patient, as a result of different pre-oxygenation positions; 1- supine, 2-beach-chair, 3- reverse Trendelenburg, in two different ventilation modes : 1- spontaneous ventilation at tidal volume, 2- non-invasive positive pressure ventilation with inspiratory assistance. (NCT02121808)
Timeframe: After a 5 minutes pre-oxygenation period

Intervention	ml (Mean)
1. Supine + NIPPV	2573
2. Supine + Tidal Volume Spontaneous Ventilation	2145
3. Beach Chair (Back 25 Deg) + NIPPV	2456
4. Beach Chair (Back 25 Deg) + Tidal Volume Spontaneous Ventil	2219
5. Proclive (Global 25 Deg) + NIPPV	2684
6. Proclive (Global 25 Deg) + Tidal Volume Spontaneous Ventila	2282

Article	Year
Peripheral neuroplasticity of respiratory chemoreflexes, induced by prenatal nicotinic exposure: Implication for SIDS. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 2023, Volume: 313 Topics: Animals; Apnea; Capsaicin; Female; Hypoxia; Nerve Fibers, Unmyelinated; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Rats; S	2023
Association between active tobacco use during pregnancy and infant respiratory health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ open, 2020, 09-30, Volume: 10, Issue:9 Topics: Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Health; Infant, Newborn; Mothers; Nicotiana; Pregnancy; Respir	2020
Patient-controlled analgesia with remifentanil versus alternative parenteral methods for pain management in labour. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2017, Apr-13, Volume: 4 Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Apne	2017
Corticosteroids for preventing neonatal respiratory morbidity after elective caesarean section at term. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2018, 08-03, Volume: 8 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Apnea; Betamethasone; Cesarean Section; Dexamethasone; Elective Surgical Pr	2018
[Neonatal hyperthyroidism: a case report and literature review]. Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University, 2013, Volume: 33, Issue:10 Topics: Antithyroid Agents; Apnea; Female; Graves Disease; Humans; Hyperthyroidism; Infant, Newborn; Infant,	2013
Using physiology to guide time to cord clamping. Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine, 2015, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Constriction; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fetus; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infa	2015
Cardiorespiratory events in preterm infants: etiology and monitoring technologies. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2016, Volume: 36, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Blood Gas Analysis; Bradycardia; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant; Infant, Ne	2016
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Optimizing preoxygenation in adults. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2009, Volume: 56, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Obesity;	2009
Corticosteroids for preventing neonatal respiratory morbidity after elective caesarean section at term. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2009, Oct-07, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Apnea; Betamethasone; Cesarean Section; Elective Surgical Procedures; Femal	2009
Ontogeny of autonomic regulation in late preterm infants born at 34-37 weeks postmenstrual age. Seminars in perinatology, 2006, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Pre	2006
Hyperventilation, hypokalemia, and SIDS. Hospital practice (Office ed.), 1984, Volume: 19, Issue:12 Topics: Apnea; Birth Weight; Carbon Dioxide; Chemoreceptor Cells; Depression; Diaphragm; Dietary Carbohydrat	1984
[Functional origin of the respiratory system in ontogeny. II. The biological importance of the act of birth and the start of extrauterine respiration]. Nauchnye doklady vysshei shkoly. Biologicheskie nauki, 1984, Issue:4 Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; Cesarean Section; Female; Fetus; Humans	1984
A reexamination of the role of oxygen in retrolental fibroplasia. Pediatrics, 1984, Volume: 73, Issue:1 Topics: Anencephaly; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent; Exchange Transfu	1984
Control of fetal and neonatal breathing and its disturbances. Clinics in chest medicine, 1980, Volume: 1, Issue:1 Topics: Afferent Pathways; Apnea; Arousal; Carbon Dioxide; Chemoreceptor Cells; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Fe	1980
Control of breathing in the newborn. Annals of biomedical engineering, 1981, Volume: 9, Issue:5-6 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; Biomedical Engineering; Carbon Dioxide; Cats; Chemoreceptor Cells;	1981
Plasma cholinesterase variants and the anaesthetist. Anaesthesia, 1980, Volume: 35, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia; Apnea; Cholinesterases; Female; Gene Frequency; Genes; Genetic Variation; Genotyp	1980
Anesthesia for cesarean section. Anesthesiology, 1980, Volume: 53, Issue:2 Topics: Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics;	1980
Local anesthetic drugs: tissue and systemic toxicity. Acta anaesthesiologica Belgica, 1981, Volume: 32, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Barbiturates; Cent	1981
Sudden infant death syndrome and suspected "near-miss": an overview for clinicians. The Medical journal of Australia, 1982, Jan-23, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Anxiety; Apnea; Australia; Electroencephalography; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant;	1982
The Geelong study. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement, 1993, Volume: 82 Suppl 392 Topics: Apnea; Birth Weight; Child; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Delivery, Obstetric; Develop	1993
The epidemiology of neonatal respiratory disease. Early human development, 1994, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Meconium Aspiration Synd	1994
Hypermagnesemia-induced cardiopulmonary arrest before induction of anesthesia for emergency cesarean section. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 2000, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Apnea; Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Magnesium; Pregnancy; Tocolysis; Ventricular Fibrill	2000
Neonatal diabetes mellitus: patient report and review of the literature. Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2001, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Inf	2001
Maturation and transformation of reflexes that protect the laryngeal airway from liquid aspiration from fetal to adult life. The American journal of medicine, 2001, Dec-03, Volume: 111 Suppl 8A Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Airway Resistance; Animals; Apnea; Child;	2001
[Specific care for twins during their first hospitalization]. Journal de gynecologie, obstetrique et biologie de la reproduction, 2002, Volume: 31, Issue:1 Suppl Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Child, Hospitalized; Diseases in Twins; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant,	2002
The pathophysiology of sleep disorders in pediatrics. Part I. Sleep in infancy. Advances in pediatrics, 1976, Volume: 22 Topics: Apnea; Central Nervous System; Coma; Electroencephalography; Female; Gestational Age; Heroin Depende	1976
Sudden unexplained infant death, 1970 through 1975 an evolution in understanding. Pathology annual, 1977, Volume: 12 Pt 1 Topics: Age Factors; Antibodies; Apnea; Birth Order; Birth Weight; Environment; Female; Humans; Illegitimacy	1977
The aetiology of the sudden infant death syndrome: current ideas on breathing and sleep and possible links to deranged thiamine neurochemistry. Australian and New Zealand journal of medicine, 1978, Volume: 8, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Apnea; Asphyxia; Australia; Cattle; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Nervous System Diseases;	1978
Use of sedative, analgesic, and anesthetic drugs during labor and delivery: bane or boon? American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1979, Jan-01, Volume: 133, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics; Animals; Apnea; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Delivery, Obs	1979
Transcutaneous oxygen measurement to evaluate drug effects. Clinics in perinatology, 1979, Volume: 6, Issue:1 Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apnea; Electrodes; Female; Fetal Monitoring; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infan	1979
The sudden infant death syndrome. Obstetrics and gynecology annual, 1975, Volume: 4 Topics: Age Factors; Antibody Formation; Apnea; Asphyxia; Autonomic Nervous System; Birth Weight; Female; Ge	1975
Pediatric brain death: current perspectives. Advances in pediatrics, 1991, Volume: 38 Topics: Adolescent; Anencephaly; Apnea; Brain Death; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Child; Child, Preschool; E	1991
Risk factors for SIDS. Results of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development SIDS Cooperative Epidemiological Study. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1988, Volume: 533 Topics: Apnea; Birth Weight; Diarrhea, Infantile; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Jaundice, Neonata	1988
Sudden infant death syndrome, is the confusion ending? Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 1988, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Achondroplasia; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Brain Stem; Breast Feeding; Dwarfism; Fatty Acids; Fema	1988
Perioperative care of the surgical neonate. The Surgical clinics of North America, 1985, Volume: 65, Issue:5 Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Apnea; Bacterial Infections; Body Temperature Regulation; Cardiovascular	1985
Pharmacogenetics. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1972, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Analgesics; Anemia, Hemolytic; Anesthetics; Apnea; Bone Marrow Diseases; Child; Child, Preschool; Ch	1972
[Urgent care for the high-risk newborn infant]. Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Perinatologie, 1973, Volume: 177, Issue:1 Topics: Apgar Score; Apnea; Birth Weight; Blood Transfusion; Edema; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Female; Humans;	1973
Difficulties in distinguishing cardiac from pulmonary disease in the neonate. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1973, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Arteriovenous Malformations; Carbon Dioxide; Cardiovascular System; Cyanosis; Diagnosis, Diff	1973

Article	Year
History of respiratory problems in prior infant and respiratory morbidity in subsequent pregnancy. American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM, 2022, Volume: 4, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Betamethasone; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Morbidity; Partu	2022
(Rad 8)Caffeine prophylaxis to improve intermittent hypoxaemia in infants born late preterm: a randomised controlled dosage trial (Latte Dosage Trial). BMJ open, 2020, 10-20, Volume: 10, Issue:10 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; New Zealand; P	2020
The influence of asthma control on psychosocial outcomes for pregnant women with asthma. The Journal of asthma : official journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma, 2015, Volume: 52, Issue:10 Topics: Adult; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anxiety; Apnea; Asthma; Breath Tests; Double-Blind Method; Emotions; F	2015
[Clinical effectiveness of different doses of caffeine for primary apnea in preterm infants]. Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of pediatrics, 2016, Volume: 54, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Birth Weight; Caffeine; Citrates; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, P	2016
Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure attenuates recovery from hypoxemic challenge in preterm infants. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2008, Sep-01, Volume: 178, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Apnea; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Pr	2008
Exposure to biological maternal sounds improves cardiorespiratory regulation in extremely preterm infants. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2012, Volume: 25, Issue:9 Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Apnea; Bradycardia; Female; Heart; Humans; Infant, Extremely Premature;	2012
Adverse outcome of pregnancy and the quality of obstetric care. Lancet (London, England), 1984, Oct-13, Volume: 2, Issue:8407 Topics: Adolescent; Apnea; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Birth Injuries; Cerebral Palsy; Clinical Trials as Topic; En	1984
A clinical trial of alfentanil as an adjuvant for short anaesthetic procedures. British journal of anaesthesia, 1983, Volume: 55 Suppl 2 Topics: Abortion, Induced; Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, Intraveno	1983
Maternal smoking and fetal breathing movements. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1975, Dec-15, Volume: 123, Issue:8 Topics: Adult; Apnea; Blood Glucose; Carboxyhemoglobin; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dose-Response Relationship	1975
Ventilatory effects of epidural clonidine during the first 3 hours after caesarean section. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 1992, Volume: 36, Issue:8 Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Apnea; Cesarean Section; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method	1992
Diazepam in labour: its metabolism and effect on the clinical condition and thermogenesis of the newborn. British medical journal, 1973, Nov-03, Volume: 4, Issue:5887 Topics: Apgar Score; Apnea; Body Temperature Regulation; Cold Temperature; Dealkylation; Diazepam; Feeding B	1973
Field trial of methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide, and trichloroethylene as obstetric analgesics. British medical journal, 1969, Aug-02, Volume: 3, Issue:5665 Topics: Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apnea; Clinical Trials as Topic; Consciousness; Female; Humans; Infant, New	1969

apnea and Pregnancy