apnea and Gastroesophageal Reflux studies

Gastroesophageal Reflux: Retrograde flow of gastric juice (GASTRIC ACID) and/or duodenal contents (BILE ACIDS; PANCREATIC JUICE) into the distal ESOPHAGUS, commonly due to incompetence of the LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"A relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and apnea of prematurity (AOP) has long been suspected but is difficult to prove because most GER in this age group is nonacidic and thus undetectable by pH monitoring, the current standard for GER detection."	9.10	Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea of prematurity: no temporal relationship. ( Bohnhorst, B; Peter, CS; Poets, CF; Silny, J; Sprodowski, N, 2002)
"A causal relationship between gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) and apnea in preterm infants has been frequently hypothesized and is currently debated."	9.05	Apnea in preterm neonates: what's the role of gastroesophageal reflux? A systematic review. ( Baldassarre, M; Borrelli, O; Cresi, F; Giorgio, V; Quitadamo, P; Salvatore, S; Zenzeri, L, 2020)
"In infants, apneas can be centrally mediated, obstructive or both and have been proposed to be gastroesophageal reflux (GER) induced."	8.90	Association between gastroesophageal reflux and pathologic apneas in infants: a systematic review. ( Benninga, MA; Langendam, MW; Smits, MJ; Tabbers, MM; van Wijk, MP, 2014)
"Apnea of prematurity and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) are both common occurrences in preterm infants and widely perceived to be causally related."	8.89	Neonatal apnea and gastroesophageal reflux (GER): is there a problem? ( Abu Jawdeh, EG; Martin, RJ, 2013)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) remains a major clinical problem in present day neonatology that warrants frequent evaluations and imposes challenges in therapeutic strategies."	8.84	Neonatal apnea: what's new? ( Abu-Shaweesh, JM; Martin, RJ, 2008)
"Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea of prematurity are both common occurrences in premature infants."	8.84	Infant apnea and gastroesophageal reflux: a critical review and framework for further investigation. ( Hibbs, AM; Martin, RJ; Orenstein, SR; Slocum, C, 2007)
"Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and apnea are both common occurrences in premature infants but their relationship is controversial."	8.82	Does gastroesophageal reflux cause apnea in preterm infants? ( Di Fiore, JM; Martin, RJ; Molloy, EJ, 2005)
" Reflux-induced apnea affects nearly 1% of infants and involves airway closure or laryngospasm."	8.81	An overview of reflux-associated disorders in infants: apnea, laryngospasm, and aspiration. ( Orenstein, SR, 2001)
" In certain infants a hyperactive laryngeal chemoreflex may cause episodic prolonged apnea."	8.79	Reflux associated apnea in infants: evidence for a laryngeal chemoreflex. ( Thach, BT, 1997)
"Episodic apnea leading to asphyxia is a relatively common disorder of young children."	8.77	Sleep apnea in infancy and childhood. ( Thach, BT, 1985)
"5-month-old white girl diagnosed with gastric malrotation-related reflux, which caused inadequate weight gain, feeding difficulties, episodes of apnea with cyanosis, and choking after successive coughing, hence previously misdiagnosed as epilepsy and pertussis."	8.12	Episodic apnea: gastroesophageal reflux associated with gastric organo-axial malrotation: a case report. ( Gokce, S; Koc, FU; Turk, S, 2022)
" This augmented apnea was partially attenuated by capsazepine [an transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist], SB-366791 (a TRPV1 antagonist), and HC030031 [a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist] and was completely prevented by a combination of TRPV1 and TRPA1 antagonists."	7.81	Menthol suppresses laryngeal C-fiber hypersensitivity to cigarette smoke in a rat model of gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of TRPM8. ( Ho, CY; Kou, YR; Lee, HF; Lin, YJ; Liu, BY; Ruan, T, 2015)
"The possible pathophysiology of the relationship between gastro-esophageal reflux disease and apnea of prematurity has been widely investigated."	7.81	Gaviscon and domperidon responsive apnea episodes associated with gastro-esophageal reflux disease in twins. ( Bilgin, H; Eren, A; Kara, S, 2015)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) occurs frequently in preterm infants and a variable proportion of AOP can be induced by gastroesophageal reflux (GER)."	7.79	A thickened formula does not reduce apneas related to gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. ( Aceti, A; Battistini, B; Corvaglia, L; Faldella, G; Legnani, E; Mariani, E; Martini, S; Spizzichino, M, 2013)
"To investigate the usefulness of Multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring as compared with conventional pH monitoring for detecting Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) episodes and apnea-related symptom association in preterm infants and neonates."	7.78	Impedance-pH monitoring and conventional pH monitoring are complementary methods to detect association between gastroesophageal reflux and apnea-related symptoms in preterm infants and neonates. ( Choi, JH; Kim, HS; Ko, JS; Moon, JS; Seo, JK; Shim, JO; Shin, MS, 2012)
"To evaluate whether physical and/or chemical features of gastro-esophageal reflux (GER) influence its relationship with apnea of prematurity (AOP)."	7.77	The frequency of apneas in very preterm infants is increased after non-acid gastro-esophageal reflux. ( Aceti, A; Capretti, MG; Corvaglia, L; Faldella, G; Galletti, S; Mariani, E; Spizzichino, M; Zama, D, 2011)
" We diagnosed an esophageal hamartoma in an infant girl who had first presented when she was 8 days old with symptoms of apnea and cyanosis."	7.76	Esophageal hamartoma as an unusual cause of neonatal apnea and bradycardia. ( Coury, J; Steinfeld, J; Zwillenberg, D; Zwillenberg, S, 2010)
"In 1986 the National Institutes of Health Consensus Developement Conference on Infantile Apnea and Home Monitoring defined the Apparent Life Threatening Events (ALTEs) as those frightening episodes for the observer which are determined by a combination of apnea (central or obstructive), changes in colour (cianosis, congestive pallor) and marked changes in muscular tone, asphyxia."	7.76	[Results of the use of laparoscopic anti-reflux procedure for the prevention of episodes of apnea, bradycardia and desaturation]. ( Couselo, M; Gómez-Chacón, J; Ibáñez, V; Mangas, L; Marijuán, V; Valdés, E; VilaCarbó, JJ, 2010)
"Clinically relevant apneas, which are common in preterm infants, may adversely affect later neuropsychological condition in this group of patients."	7.75	Differential diagnosis of apneas in preterm infants. ( Dittrichová, J; Melichar, J; Miletín, J; Paul, K, 2009)
" We aimed to measure objectively the effects of feeding on GER, apnea, bradycardia and desaturations."	7.75	Apnea, bradycardia and desaturation in preterm infants before and after feeding. ( Arko, M; Di Fiore, J; Hibbs, AM; Martin, RJ; Slocum, C, 2009)
"Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of transpyloric tube feeding as a therapeutic option to reduce apnea and bradycardia in hospitalized very low birthweight (VLBW) infants with clinical signs suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux (GER)."	7.75	Transpyloric tube feeding in very low birthweight infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux: impact on apnea and bradycardia. ( Cotten, CM; Goldberg, RN; Malcolm, WF; Mears, S; Smith, PB, 2009)
"There is controversy regarding the association between gastroesophageal reflux and apnea."	7.73	Testing the association between gastroesophageal reflux and apnea in infants. ( Hayes, J; Metheney, M; Mousa, H; Woodley, FW, 2005)
"To examine the temporal relationship between apnea and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and to assess the effect of GER on apnea duration."	7.73	Apnea is not prolonged by acid gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. ( Arko, M; Di Fiore, JM; Kimball, A; Martin, RJ; Whitehouse, M, 2005)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is found in >50% of premature infants and is almost universal in infants who are <1000 g at birth."	7.73	Summary proceedings from the apnea-of-prematurity group. ( Finer, NN; Higgins, R; Kattwinkel, J; Martin, RJ, 2006)
"Apnea of prematurity develop during the first days of life and usually resolve by the time the infant reaches 36-37 weeks postmenstrual age."	7.73	[Apnea of prematurity: risk factors and ambulatory treatment with caffeine citrate]. ( Baudon, JJ; Biran-Mucignat, V; Boelle, PY; Ducrocq, S; Gold, F; Lebas, F, 2006)
"Central events of apnea were found more frequent in infants with preterm birth, obstructive events in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia and gastroesophagic reflux, while infants mixed apnea had more frequent hyperbilirubinemia and sepsis."	7.73	Apnea in infants. ( Hernandez, G; Marquez, A; Poblano, A, 2006)
"An association of apnea and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) was proposed previously."	7.71	Association of apnea and nonacid gastroesophageal reflux in infants: Investigations with the intraluminal impedance technique. ( Heimann, G; Peschgens, T; Schenke, S; Silny, J; Skopnik, H; Wenzl, TG, 2001)
"We reviewed the medical records of all infants apnea."	7.71	Gastroesophageal reflux medications in the treatment of apnea in premature infants. ( Carlton, DP; Kimball, AL, 2001)
" Apneas of greater than 10 seconds were recorded, as well as the occurrence of bradycardia or desaturation."	7.71	Apnea at discharge and gastro-esophageal reflux in the preterm infant. ( Barrington, KJ; Rich, W; Tan, K, 2002)
"Apnea in the neonatal period frequently is associated with prematurity."	7.70	Gastric ulcer presenting as gastroesophageal reflux and apnea in a term neonate. ( Biskinis, EK; Naqvi, M; Skinner, S, 1998)
"The value of a combination of ultrasound studies and barium swallow examination in the analysis of temporal relationships between apnea and reflux is demonstrated."	7.68	Infant apnea and gastroesophageal reflux. ( Gomes, H; Lallemand, P, 1992)
"The hypothesis that acid gastroesophageal reflux may be responsible for the persistence of apnea was tested on 20 prematurely born infants, at a median conceptional age of 38."	7.68	Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea in prematurely born infants during wakefulness and sleep. ( de Ajuriaguerra, M; Huon, C; Moriette, G; Radvanyi-Bouvet, MF, 1991)
"To better document and describe the phenomenon of swallowing during apneic spells, we compared the frequency of swallowing during epidsodes of prolonged apnea with nonapnea control periods in 9 preterm and 1 term infant."	7.67	Frequency and significance of swallowing during prolonged apnea in infants. ( Menon, AP; Schefft, GL; Thach, BT, 1984)
"A newborn infant was found to have diffuse esophageal spasm in association with apnea and bradycardia."	7.67	Esophageal spasm associated with apnea and bradycardia in an infant. ( Fontán, JP; Heldt, GP; Heyman, MB; Marin, MS; Tooley, WH, 1984)
"Fifteen infants with a specific clinical history including awake apnea were evaluated and compared with a control group of infants, using 24-hour studies of esophageal pH, nasal thermistor, impedance pneumography, and heart rate."	7.67	Awake apnea associated with gastroesophageal reflux: a specific clinical syndrome. ( Boyle, JT; Fox, WW; Spitzer, AR; Tuchman, DN, 1984)
" RVS infection, inborn cytomegaly and prematurity apnea."	7.67	[Apnea attacks in infants: study of 7 cases]. ( Baca Cots, M; Calvo Macías, C; Martínez Valverde, M; Milano Manso, G, 1989)
"Upper gastrointestinal examinations with simultaneous cardiorespiratory monitoring were performed in 39 older premature infants with persistent apnea."	7.67	Upper GI examinations in older premature infants with persistent apnea: correlation with simultaneous cardiorespiratory monitoring. ( Fujioka, M; Itani, Y; Niitsu, N; Nishimura, G; Oono, T, 1988)
"Theophylline and caffeine are two xanthine-derivated drugs frequently administered for their stimulating effects on the respiratory center in premature babies presenting with "idiopathic apnea"."	7.67	[Xanthines in apnea of premature infants. Influence on gastroesophageal reflux]. ( Sacré, L; Vandenplas, Y, 1987)
" If no cause is found, the diagnosis of idiopathic infantile apnea is made."	7.67	Infantile apnea. ( McCulloch, K; Vidyasagar, D, 1986)
"To determine whether regurgitation might be a factor in the pathogenesis of apnea in certain infants, we compared the frequency of short and prolonged apnea immediately following regurgitation to that during control periods."	7.67	Apnea associated with regurgitation in infants. ( Menon, AP; Schefft, GL; Thach, BT, 1985)
"Twenty-six infants with unexplained and apparently life-threatening apnea were evaluated clinically, underwent eight- or 12-hour polygraphic recordings during sleep, and were then observed on home monitors."	7.66	Infant apnea: polygraphic studies and follow-up monitoring. ( Frost, JD; Harrison, GM; Rosen, CL, 1983)
" Recordings were examined for occurrences of GER and for central apnea of 10 seconds or greater duration."	7.66	Movement and gastroesophageal reflux in awake term infants with "near miss" SIDS, unrelated to apnea. ( Ariagno, RL; Baldwin, R; Guilleminault, C; Owen-Boeddiker, M, 1982)
"The frequency of proposed causes for the infant apnea syndrome (IAS) or "near miss" sudden infant death is unknown."	7.66	Infant apnea syndrome. A prospective evaluation of etiologies. ( Bagnell, P; Camfield, C; Camfield, P; Rees, E, 1982)
"The temporal relationship between apnea and gastroesophageal reflux was examined in 14 infants with abnormal GER scores and histories of prolonged apnea."	7.66	Gastroesophageal reflux in infants: relation to apnea. ( Farrell, MK; Keenan, WJ; Kramer, M; Lucas, M; Walsh, JK, 1981)
"Respiratory distress, apnea, and chronic pulmonary disease since birth were identified in 14 infants who also had symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux."	7.66	Gastroesophageal reflux causing respiratory distress and apnea in newborn infants. ( Book, LS; Herbst, JJ; Minton, SD, 1979)
" Apnea was significantly more frequent in group 1 (p = 0."	5.30	Preterm Infants May Better Tolerate Feeds at Temperatures Closer to Freshly Expressed Breast Milk: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ( Can, N; Koroglu, OA; Kultursay, N; Uygur, O; Yalaz, M, 2019)
"gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and seizures)."	5.29	Etiology of 19 infants with apparent life-threatening events: relationship between apnea and esophageal dysfunction. ( Hosokawa, M; Kosuge, N; Murata, M; Tsukada, K; Umezu, R, 1993)
"Positive pneumography for apnea or reflux does not predict an increase in recurrence rate of an ALTE."	5.17	Role of pneumography and esophageal pH monitoring in the evaluation of infants with apparent life-threatening event: a prospective observational study. ( Baren, JM; Donda, K; Mittal, MK, 2013)
" Physiologic data, including oxygen saturation and frequency and type of apnea, were obtained and analyzed in a blinded manner."	5.12	Comparison of respiratory physiologic features when infants are placed in car safety seats or car beds. ( Bass, JL; Corwin, MJ; Kinane, TB; Murphy, J, 2006)
"A relationship between gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and apnea of prematurity (AOP) has long been suspected but is difficult to prove because most GER in this age group is nonacidic and thus undetectable by pH monitoring, the current standard for GER detection."	5.10	Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea of prematurity: no temporal relationship. ( Bohnhorst, B; Peter, CS; Poets, CF; Silny, J; Sprodowski, N, 2002)
"In order to examine the effect of reflux therapy on Hyper Reactive Airway Disease (HRAD) and apnea severity, 107 children, 78 with HRAD and 29 with apnea, underwent pH monitoring in the Pediatric Surgery Unit of Wolfson Hospital and the Dana Children's Hospital during the years 1995-1998."	5.09	[The effect of gastro-esophageal reflux therapy on respiratory diseases in children]. ( Gornstein, A; Levin, Y; Mandelberg, A; Reif, S; Srour, F, 2001)
" Various physiological protective reflex responses provide a plausible biological link between gastro-esophageal reflux and apnea and bradycardia in premature."	4.93	[Gastroesophageal reflux in premature: a case report]. ( Ndour, D, 2016)
"Apnea of prematurity and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) are both common occurrences in preterm infants and widely perceived to be causally related."	4.89	Neonatal apnea and gastroesophageal reflux (GER): is there a problem? ( Abu Jawdeh, EG; Martin, RJ, 2013)
" We review current evidence for and against an association between GER and apnea, failure to thrive, wheezing and respiratory diseases."	4.87	Myth: gastroesophageal reflux is a pathological entity in the preterm infant. ( Brockmann, PE; Poets, CF, 2011)
" Clinical manifestations such as vomiting, poor weight gain, respiratory disorders, and apneas do always not correlate with the demonstration of reflux episodes."	4.85	[Gastroesophageal reflux in infants: myths and realities]. ( Baudon, JJ, 2009)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) remains a major clinical problem in present day neonatology that warrants frequent evaluations and imposes challenges in therapeutic strategies."	4.84	Neonatal apnea: what's new? ( Abu-Shaweesh, JM; Martin, RJ, 2008)
"Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea of prematurity are both common occurrences in premature infants."	4.84	Infant apnea and gastroesophageal reflux: a critical review and framework for further investigation. ( Hibbs, AM; Martin, RJ; Orenstein, SR; Slocum, C, 2007)
" An association of GER with "awake apnea," reactive airway disease, and recurrent pneumonia has been demonstrated."	4.82	Supraesophageal complications of gastroesophageal reflux in children: challenges in diagnosis and treatment. ( Rudolph, CD, 2003)
" A critical review of the evidence for potential sequelae of GER in preterm infants shows that 1) apnea is unrelated to GER in most infants, 2) failure to thrive practically does not occur with GER, and 3) a relationship between GER and chronic airway problems has not yet been confirmed in preterm infants."	4.82	Gastroesophageal reflux: a critical review of its role in preterm infants. ( Poets, CF, 2004)
"Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and apnea are both common occurrences in premature infants but their relationship is controversial."	4.82	Does gastroesophageal reflux cause apnea in preterm infants? ( Di Fiore, JM; Martin, RJ; Molloy, EJ, 2005)
" Reflux-induced apnea affects nearly 1% of infants and involves airway closure or laryngospasm."	4.81	An overview of reflux-associated disorders in infants: apnea, laryngospasm, and aspiration. ( Orenstein, SR, 2001)
" In certain infants a hyperactive laryngeal chemoreflex may cause episodic prolonged apnea."	4.79	Reflux associated apnea in infants: evidence for a laryngeal chemoreflex. ( Thach, BT, 1997)
" One group of neonates at high risk for SIDS includes those who develop apnea secondary to gastroesophageal reflux (GER)."	4.78	Effects of acid on the larynx of the maturing rabbit and their possible significance to the sudden infant death syndrome. ( Wetmore, RF, 1993)
"Episodic apnea leading to asphyxia is a relatively common disorder of young children."	4.77	Sleep apnea in infancy and childhood. ( Thach, BT, 1985)
"5-month-old white girl diagnosed with gastric malrotation-related reflux, which caused inadequate weight gain, feeding difficulties, episodes of apnea with cyanosis, and choking after successive coughing, hence previously misdiagnosed as epilepsy and pertussis."	4.12	Episodic apnea: gastroesophageal reflux associated with gastric organo-axial malrotation: a case report. ( Gokce, S; Koc, FU; Turk, S, 2022)
" The adverse events during sedation including airway obstruction, apnea, desaturation, bradycardia, and hypotension were also assessed."	3.91	Incidence and risk factors of unplanned intubation during pediatric sedation for MRI. ( Gil, NS; Hahm, TS; Jeong, JS; Kim, D; Lee, EK; Shin, YH, 2019)
"Cardiorespiratory (CR) events (apnea, bradycardia, oxygen desaturation) and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) symptoms often coexist in infants admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, leading to over-prescription of drugs and delayed discharge."	3.88	Cardiorespiratory events in infants with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms: Is there any association? ( Baldassarre, ME; Bertino, E; Cocchi, E; Coscia, A; Cresi, F; Liguori, SA; Locatelli, E; Maggiora, E; Martinelli, D, 2018)
" This augmented apnea was partially attenuated by capsazepine [an transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) antagonist], SB-366791 (a TRPV1 antagonist), and HC030031 [a transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) antagonist] and was completely prevented by a combination of TRPV1 and TRPA1 antagonists."	3.81	Menthol suppresses laryngeal C-fiber hypersensitivity to cigarette smoke in a rat model of gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of TRPM8. ( Ho, CY; Kou, YR; Lee, HF; Lin, YJ; Liu, BY; Ruan, T, 2015)
"The possible pathophysiology of the relationship between gastro-esophageal reflux disease and apnea of prematurity has been widely investigated."	3.81	Gaviscon and domperidon responsive apnea episodes associated with gastro-esophageal reflux disease in twins. ( Bilgin, H; Eren, A; Kara, S, 2015)
" Cardiorespiratory symptoms such as apnea, oxygen desaturation and bradycardia may be related to GER."	3.79	Software for symptom association analysis in pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease. ( Barriga-Rivera, A; Elena, M; Lopez-Alonso, M; Moya, MJ, 2013)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) occurs frequently in preterm infants and a variable proportion of AOP can be induced by gastroesophageal reflux (GER)."	3.79	A thickened formula does not reduce apneas related to gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. ( Aceti, A; Battistini, B; Corvaglia, L; Faldella, G; Legnani, E; Mariani, E; Martini, S; Spizzichino, M, 2013)
"To investigate the usefulness of Multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring as compared with conventional pH monitoring for detecting Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) episodes and apnea-related symptom association in preterm infants and neonates."	3.78	Impedance-pH monitoring and conventional pH monitoring are complementary methods to detect association between gastroesophageal reflux and apnea-related symptoms in preterm infants and neonates. ( Choi, JH; Kim, HS; Ko, JS; Moon, JS; Seo, JK; Shim, JO; Shin, MS, 2012)
" SI and a Fisher exact test with variable association windows were calculated for obstructive apnea (OA)."	3.77	Temporal association of polysomnographic cardiorespiratory events with GER detected by MII-pH probe in the premature infant at term. ( Cristofalo, E; Gauda, E; Glen, DR; Katz, R; McGinley, B; Nunez, J, 2011)
" Apnea ≥10 s in duration, bradycardia ≤80 b."	3.76	Characterization of cardiorespiratory events following gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. ( Arko, M; Di Fiore, J; Herynk, B; Hibbs, AM; Martin, R, 2010)
" We diagnosed an esophageal hamartoma in an infant girl who had first presented when she was 8 days old with symptoms of apnea and cyanosis."	3.76	Esophageal hamartoma as an unusual cause of neonatal apnea and bradycardia. ( Coury, J; Steinfeld, J; Zwillenberg, D; Zwillenberg, S, 2010)
"In 1986 the National Institutes of Health Consensus Developement Conference on Infantile Apnea and Home Monitoring defined the Apparent Life Threatening Events (ALTEs) as those frightening episodes for the observer which are determined by a combination of apnea (central or obstructive), changes in colour (cianosis, congestive pallor) and marked changes in muscular tone, asphyxia."	3.76	[Results of the use of laparoscopic anti-reflux procedure for the prevention of episodes of apnea, bradycardia and desaturation]. ( Couselo, M; Gómez-Chacón, J; Ibáñez, V; Mangas, L; Marijuán, V; Valdés, E; VilaCarbó, JJ, 2010)
"Clinically relevant apneas, which are common in preterm infants, may adversely affect later neuropsychological condition in this group of patients."	3.75	Differential diagnosis of apneas in preterm infants. ( Dittrichová, J; Melichar, J; Miletín, J; Paul, K, 2009)
" We aimed to measure objectively the effects of feeding on GER, apnea, bradycardia and desaturations."	3.75	Apnea, bradycardia and desaturation in preterm infants before and after feeding. ( Arko, M; Di Fiore, J; Hibbs, AM; Martin, RJ; Slocum, C, 2009)
"Our aim was to assess the safety and efficacy of transpyloric tube feeding as a therapeutic option to reduce apnea and bradycardia in hospitalized very low birthweight (VLBW) infants with clinical signs suggestive of gastroesophageal reflux (GER)."	3.75	Transpyloric tube feeding in very low birthweight infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux: impact on apnea and bradycardia. ( Cotten, CM; Goldberg, RN; Malcolm, WF; Mears, S; Smith, PB, 2009)
", apnea, neurogenic dysphagia [ND], gastro-esophageal reflux disease [GERD], neuro-ophthalmologic disturbances [NOD])."	3.74	Reversal of hindbrain herniation after maternal-fetal surgery for myelomeningocele subsequently impacts on brain stem function. ( Adzick, NS; Bebbington, MW; Danzer, E; Finkel, RS; Johnson, MP; Rintoul, NE; Schwartz, ES; Zarnow, DM, 2008)
" Hospital admissions for aspiration and other pneumonia, respiratory distress/apnea, and FTT were determined before and after Nissen fundoplication."	3.74	Hospital admissions for respiratory symptoms and failure to thrive before and after Nissen fundoplication. ( Applebaum, H; Haigh, PI; Hsu, JW; Lee, SL; Shabatian, H, 2008)
"To examine the temporal relationship between apnea and gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and to assess the effect of GER on apnea duration."	3.73	Apnea is not prolonged by acid gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. ( Arko, M; Di Fiore, JM; Kimball, A; Martin, RJ; Whitehouse, M, 2005)
"Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is found in >50% of premature infants and is almost universal in infants who are <1000 g at birth."	3.73	Summary proceedings from the apnea-of-prematurity group. ( Finer, NN; Higgins, R; Kattwinkel, J; Martin, RJ, 2006)
"Apnea of prematurity develop during the first days of life and usually resolve by the time the infant reaches 36-37 weeks postmenstrual age."	3.73	[Apnea of prematurity: risk factors and ambulatory treatment with caffeine citrate]. ( Baudon, JJ; Biran-Mucignat, V; Boelle, PY; Ducrocq, S; Gold, F; Lebas, F, 2006)
"Central events of apnea were found more frequent in infants with preterm birth, obstructive events in newborns with hyperbilirubinemia and gastroesophagic reflux, while infants mixed apnea had more frequent hyperbilirubinemia and sepsis."	3.73	Apnea in infants. ( Hernandez, G; Marquez, A; Poblano, A, 2006)
"Infant apnea is a common problem that conveys significant burden to families and physicians."	3.72	[Polysomnographic abnormalities in infants with gastroesophageal reflux]. ( Brockmann, P; Harris, P; Mesa, T; Mobarec, S; Muñoz, C; Sánchez, I, 2003)
"We reviewed the medical records of all infants apnea."	3.71	Gastroesophageal reflux medications in the treatment of apnea in premature infants. ( Carlton, DP; Kimball, AL, 2001)
" Apneas of greater than 10 seconds were recorded, as well as the occurrence of bradycardia or desaturation."	3.71	Apnea at discharge and gastro-esophageal reflux in the preterm infant. ( Barrington, KJ; Rich, W; Tan, K, 2002)
"Apnea in the neonatal period frequently is associated with prematurity."	3.70	Gastric ulcer presenting as gastroesophageal reflux and apnea in a term neonate. ( Biskinis, EK; Naqvi, M; Skinner, S, 1998)
"Common indications for endoscopy were stridor (56%), apnea/cyanotic episodes (30%), and feeding difficulty (23%)."	3.70	A retrospective analysis of airway endoscopy in patients less than 1-month old. ( Friedman, EM; Sulek, M; Ungkanont, K, 1998)
"Premature infants are known to be at risk for oxygen (O2) desaturation and/or apnea in car seats."	3.69	Oxygen desaturation of selected term infants in car seats. ( Bass, JL; Mehta, KA, 1995)
" Apnea, bradycardia and attacks of unusual posturing could incidentally be related to reflux."	3.69	Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux: diagnosis with ultrasound. ( Derkx, HH; Taminiau, JA; Westra, SJ, 1994)
" The only significant respiratory finding was in the obstructive/mixed apnea group; there was strong association between ETS exposure and high reflux index (p < 0."	3.69	Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and gastroesophageal reflux in infants with apparent life-threatening events. ( Alaswad, B; Grunow, JE; Toubas, PL, 1996)
"To improve history-taking of infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux, we developed an Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire consisting of 161 items covering demographics, symptoms (regurgitation, weight deficit, respiratory difficulties, fussiness, apnea, and pain or bleeding of esophagitis), and possible causes (feeding volume and frequency, allergy, infection, colic, central nervous system abnormalities, positioning, and smoke exposure)."	3.68	Reliability and validity of an infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire. ( Cohn, JF; Kartan, R; Orenstein, SR; Shalaby, TM, 1993)
"The value of a combination of ultrasound studies and barium swallow examination in the analysis of temporal relationships between apnea and reflux is demonstrated."	3.68	Infant apnea and gastroesophageal reflux. ( Gomes, H; Lallemand, P, 1992)
"The hypothesis that acid gastroesophageal reflux may be responsible for the persistence of apnea was tested on 20 prematurely born infants, at a median conceptional age of 38."	3.68	Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea in prematurely born infants during wakefulness and sleep. ( de Ajuriaguerra, M; Huon, C; Moriette, G; Radvanyi-Bouvet, MF, 1991)
"From January 1984 through August 1986, 130 infants were referred to our department with a history of apnea, hypotonia, and cyanosis or pallor, suggesting near-miss sudden infant death syndrome."	3.68	Gastroesophageal reflux in infants with a history of near-miss sudden infant death. ( Bochner, A; Van Caillie-Bertrand, M; Veereman-Wauters, G, 1991)
"To better document and describe the phenomenon of swallowing during apneic spells, we compared the frequency of swallowing during epidsodes of prolonged apnea with nonapnea control periods in 9 preterm and 1 term infant."	3.67	Frequency and significance of swallowing during prolonged apnea in infants. ( Menon, AP; Schefft, GL; Thach, BT, 1984)
"A newborn infant was found to have diffuse esophageal spasm in association with apnea and bradycardia."	3.67	Esophageal spasm associated with apnea and bradycardia in an infant. ( Fontán, JP; Heldt, GP; Heyman, MB; Marin, MS; Tooley, WH, 1984)
"Fifteen infants with a specific clinical history including awake apnea were evaluated and compared with a control group of infants, using 24-hour studies of esophageal pH, nasal thermistor, impedance pneumography, and heart rate."	3.67	Awake apnea associated with gastroesophageal reflux: a specific clinical syndrome. ( Boyle, JT; Fox, WW; Spitzer, AR; Tuchman, DN, 1984)
" RVS infection, inborn cytomegaly and prematurity apnea."	3.67	[Apnea attacks in infants: study of 7 cases]. ( Baca Cots, M; Calvo Macías, C; Martínez Valverde, M; Milano Manso, G, 1989)
" Prolonged intraesophageal pH monitoring, performed simultaneously with evaluation for apnea, should be considered in all infants presenting with ALTE."	3.67	Gastroesophageal reflux-induced hypoxemia in infants with apparent life-threatening event(s). ( Berezin, S; Dozor, AJ; Glassman, MS; Medow, MS; Newman, LJ; Schwarz, SM; See, CC, 1989)
"Apnea and worsening bronchopulmonary dysplasia as well as recurrent aspiration pneumonia have been found to be consequences of gastroesophageal reflux in infants and young children."	3.67	Treatment of pulmonary manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux in children two years of age or less. ( Ferrara, TB; Foker, JE; Johnson, D; St Cyr, JA; Thompson, T, 1989)
"Upper gastrointestinal examinations with simultaneous cardiorespiratory monitoring were performed in 39 older premature infants with persistent apnea."	3.67	Upper GI examinations in older premature infants with persistent apnea: correlation with simultaneous cardiorespiratory monitoring. ( Fujioka, M; Itani, Y; Niitsu, N; Nishimura, G; Oono, T, 1988)
" This, however, has not been our experience and in reviewing 23 patients with recurrent pneumonia and/or apnea who had GRS, we were able to detect aspiration in only one."	3.67	How useful is gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy in suspected childhood aspiration? ( Adams, JC; Fawcett, HD; Hayden, CK; Swischuk, LE, 1988)
" Forty-seven of them were asymptomatic (group T) and 93 presented with digestive symptoms (regurgitations and/or vomiting) associated (group DA; n = 49) or not (group D; n = 44) with a history of apneas, bradycardias, cyanosis or pallor fits."	3.67	[Esophageal pH-monitoring in asymptomatic and symptomatic newborn infants]. ( Boggio, V; Gillot, I; Gouyon, JB; Seigneur, C, 1988)
"Theophylline and caffeine are two xanthine-derivated drugs frequently administered for their stimulating effects on the respiratory center in premature babies presenting with "idiopathic apnea"."	3.67	[Xanthines in apnea of premature infants. Influence on gastroesophageal reflux]. ( Sacré, L; Vandenplas, Y, 1987)
" There were 28 patients in group I whose major presenting sign was recurrent pneumonia due to GER, and 22 patients in group II, with apnea caused by GER."	3.67	Gastroesophageal reflux. pH probe-directed therapy. ( Curreri, PW; Powell, RW; Ramenofsky, ML, 1986)
" If no cause is found, the diagnosis of idiopathic infantile apnea is made."	3.67	Infantile apnea. ( McCulloch, K; Vidyasagar, D, 1986)
"To determine whether regurgitation might be a factor in the pathogenesis of apnea in certain infants, we compared the frequency of short and prolonged apnea immediately following regurgitation to that during control periods."	3.67	Apnea associated with regurgitation in infants. ( Menon, AP; Schefft, GL; Thach, BT, 1985)
" The underlying reflex mechanisms responsible for such swallows during apnea are unclear."	3.67	Pulmonary protective mechanisms in human infants. ( Menon, A; Thach, BT, 1985)
" The indications for surgery in these infants with gastroesophageal reflux were: (A) failure to thrive, (35); (B) chronic respiratory infection, (24); (C) apnea spells, (8); and (D) esophagitis."	3.66	Experience with the Nissen fundoplication for correction of gastroesophageal reflux in infants. ( Randolph, J, 1983)
"Twenty-six infants with unexplained and apparently life-threatening apnea were evaluated clinically, underwent eight- or 12-hour polygraphic recordings during sleep, and were then observed on home monitors."	3.66	Infant apnea: polygraphic studies and follow-up monitoring. ( Frost, JD; Harrison, GM; Rosen, CL, 1983)
" Recordings were examined for occurrences of GER and for central apnea of 10 seconds or greater duration."	3.66	Movement and gastroesophageal reflux in awake term infants with "near miss" SIDS, unrelated to apnea. ( Ariagno, RL; Baldwin, R; Guilleminault, C; Owen-Boeddiker, M, 1982)
"The frequency of proposed causes for the infant apnea syndrome (IAS) or "near miss" sudden infant death is unknown."	3.66	Infant apnea syndrome. A prospective evaluation of etiologies. ( Bagnell, P; Camfield, C; Camfield, P; Rees, E, 1982)
" Failure to thrive, recurrent pneumonia, apnea, feeding difficulty and esophageal stricture unresponsive to medical management were the indications for operation."	3.66	Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux: age-specific indications for operation. ( Carson, JA; Smith, EI; Tunell, WP, 1980)
"Respiratory distress, apnea, and chronic pulmonary disease since birth were identified in 14 infants who also had symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux."	3.66	Gastroesophageal reflux causing respiratory distress and apnea in newborn infants. ( Book, LS; Herbst, JJ; Minton, SD, 1979)
"Gastroesophageal reflux in the pediatric patient is a functional disorder with unique clinical presentations and management issues compared with the same disorder seen in adults."	2.38	Gastroesophageal reflux in the pediatric patient. ( Boyle, JT, 1989)
"Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) may produce vomiting, failure to gain weight, esophagitis, heartburn, or pulmonary symptoms."	2.36	Gastroesophageal reflux. A review. ( Weissbluth, M, 1981)
"Gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and apnoea are common in infants; whether there is a causal relationship is controversial."	1.48	Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux and Apnoea: Is There a Temporal Relationship? ( Ali, K; Andradi, G; Bhat, R; Greenough, A; Rossor, T, 2018)
"Gastro-oesophageal reflux 59(22%) and bronchiolitis 58(21%) were the most common diagnoses; both can be diagnosed clinically without any invasive investigations."	1.48	Investigations for infants admitted with apparent life-threatening event (ALTE): Necessity or liability? Assessment at a tertiary care hospital. ( Aldairi, N; Alfattouh, R; Awadalla, A; Masud, N, 2018)
"Age- and sex-matched patients with GERD-related GI symptoms were enrolled as comparison group."	1.46	Role of non-acid gastro-esophageal reflux in children with respiratory symptoms. ( Miele, E; Poziello, A; Quitadamo, P; Staiano, A; Tambucci, R; Ummarino, D; Zenzeri, L, 2017)
"A discharge diagnosis of GERD was most common (n = 154, 49%); 138 (89%) were initially well appearing, 10 (6%) had in-hospital events, and only 20 (13%) had upper gastrointestinal series performed."	1.38	Apparent life-threatening event admissions and gastroesophageal reflux disease: the value of hospitalization. ( Bernard-Stover, L; Castillo, E; Doshi, A; Kuelbs, C; Stucky, E, 2012)
"WAR events are common in children with gastroesophageal reflux and difficult-to-treat RS and often associated with RLRTI."	1.37	Acid and weakly acid gastroesophageal refluxes and type of respiratory symptoms in children. ( Ghezzi, M; Guida, E; Jasonni, V; Mattioli, G; Pistorio, A; Rossi, GA; Sacco, O; Silvestri, M, 2011)
"Gastroesophageal reflux was the most common diagnosis (60%)."	1.36	How to evaluate the child presenting with an apparent life-threatening event? ( Fattal-Valevski, A; Reif, S; Weiss, K, 2010)
"Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is cited by many to be a common cause of apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs)."	1.34	The use of fundoplication for prevention of apparent life-threatening events. ( Holcomb, GW; Ostlie, DJ; Spilde, TL; St Peter, SD; Tsao, K; Valusek, PA, 2007)
"Gastro-oesophageal reflux was simulated by the injection of boluses of 0."	1.31	Airway protection following simulated gastro-oesophageal reflux in sedated and sleeping neonatal piglets during active sleep. ( Jeffery, HE; McKelvey, GM; Post, EJ; Wood, AK, 2001)
"We describe two cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and one case of apparent life threatening apnoea where resuscitation was attempted by the mouth-to-mouth route."	1.31	Failure of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation in cases of sudden infant death. ( Gunn, AJ; Tonkin, SL, 2001)
"Gastroesophageal reflux is generally a benign condition, which resolves spontaneously, and which is usually manifested by digestive signs."	1.30	Laryngotracheal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux in children. ( Attal, P; Bobin, S, 1999)
"All patients had severe gastroesophageal reflux, with a pH <4 for 63% +/- 22% (mean +/- SD) of recording time."	1.30	Significance of isolated bradycardia detected by home monitoring. ( Hamer, A; Marcus, CL, 1999)
"gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and seizures)."	1.29	Etiology of 19 infants with apparent life-threatening events: relationship between apnea and esophageal dysfunction. ( Hosokawa, M; Kosuge, N; Murata, M; Tsukada, K; Umezu, R, 1993)
"Respiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are being recognized with increasing frequency."	1.29	Respiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in pediatric patients. ( Bauman, NM; Sandler, AD; Smith, RJ, 1996)
"Clinically significant gastroesophageal reflux occurs in one in 500 infants."	1.28	Gastroesophageal reflux in infants. ( Colon, AR; Dipalma, J, 1991)
"Severe epilepsy with tonic-clonic seizures developed when he was 6 months old."	1.28	Seizures presenting as apnoea. ( Navelet, Y; Robieux, I; Tardieu, M; Wood, C, 1989)
"The incidence and temporal patterns of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in infants presenting with an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) was compared with GER characteristics of infants evaluated for persistent emesis, utilizing continuous 24 h intraesophageal pH monitoring."	1.28	Patterns of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in patients with apparent life-threatening events. ( Berezin, S; Dozor, AJ; Glassman, MS; Halata, MS; Medow, MS; Newman, LJ; Russe, J; Schwarz, SM, 1989)
"Gastro-oesophageal reflux in very low birthweight infants was studied using a new 1 mm monocrystalline antimony oesophageal pH electrode."	1.28	Gastro-oesophageal reflux in preterm infants. ( Booth, IW; Durbin, GM; McNeish, AS; Morgan, ME; Newell, SJ, 1989)
"Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in the pediatric patient is a frequently recognized problem."	1.27	Patterns of pediatric gastroesophageal reflux. ( Hrabovsky, EE; Mullett, MD, 1985)
"There were 8 deaths, none related to gastroesophageal reflux or the operation."	1.26	Thal fundoplication: a simple and safe operative treatment for gastroesophageal reflux. ( Amoury, RW; Ashcraft, KW; Goodwin, CD; Holder, TM; McGill, CW, 1978)

Research

Studies (147)

Authors

Clinical Trials (5)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Desaturation Index

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	50 (34.01)	18.7374
1990's	28 (19.05)	18.2507
2000's	37 (25.17)	29.6817
2010's	29 (19.73)	24.3611
2020's	3 (2.04)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Turk, S	1
Gokce, S	1
Koc, FU	1
Arzilli, C	1
Annunziata, M	1
Ernst, CM	1
Peruzzi, M	1
Macucci, C	1
Pochesci, S	1
Nassi, N	1
Quitadamo, P	2
Giorgio, V	1
Zenzeri, L	2
Baldassarre, M	1
Cresi, F	2
Borrelli, O	1
Salvatore, S	1
Rossor, T	1
Andradi, G	1
Ali, K	1
Bhat, R	1
Greenough, A	1
Martinelli, D	1
Maggiora, E	1
Locatelli, E	1
Liguori, SA	1
Baldassarre, ME	1
Cocchi, E	1
Bertino, E	1
Coscia, A	1
Alfattouh, R	1
Aldairi, N	1
Masud, N	1
Awadalla, A	1
Kim, D	1
Lee, EK	1
Jeong, JS	1
Gil, NS	1
Hahm, TS	1
Shin, YH	1
Uygur, O	1
Yalaz, M	1
Can, N	1
Koroglu, OA	1
Kultursay, N	1
Nobile, S	1
Marchionni, P	1
Noviello, C	1
Carnielli, VP	1
Barriga-Rivera, A	1
Elena, M	1
Moya, MJ	1
Lopez-Alonso, M	1
Abu Jawdeh, EG	1
Martin, RJ	7
Smits, MJ	1
van Wijk, MP	1
Langendam, MW	1
Benninga, MA	1
Tabbers, MM	1
Liu, BY	1
Lin, YJ	1
Lee, HF	1
Ho, CY	1
Ruan, T	1
Kou, YR	1
Bilgin, H	1
Eren, A	1
Kara, S	1
Tambucci, R	1
Ummarino, D	1
Poziello, A	1
Miele, E	1
Staiano, A	1
Ndour, D	1
DiMario, FJ	1
Paul, K	1
Melichar, J	1
Miletín, J	1
Dittrichová, J	1
Abu-Shaweesh, JM	1
Corvaglia, L	4
Zama, D	3
Gualdi, S	1
Ferlini, M	1
Aceti, A	4
Faldella, G	4
Slocum, C	2
Arko, M	3
Di Fiore, J	2
Hibbs, AM	3
Malcolm, WF	1
Smith, PB	1
Mears, S	1
Goldberg, RN	1
Cotten, CM	1
Baudon, JJ	2
Danzer, E	1
Finkel, RS	1
Rintoul, NE	1
Bebbington, MW	1
Schwartz, ES	1
Zarnow, DM	1
Adzick, NS	1
Johnson, MP	1
Herynk, B	1
Martin, R	1
Coury, J	1
Steinfeld, J	1
Zwillenberg, D	1
Zwillenberg, S	1
Weiss, K	1
Fattal-Valevski, A	1
Reif, S	2
Spizzichino, M	3
Mariani, E	3
Capretti, MG	1
Galletti, S	1
Ghezzi, M	1
Silvestri, M	1
Guida, E	1
Pistorio, A	1
Sacco, O	1
Mattioli, G	1
Jasonni, V	1
Rossi, GA	1
Nunez, J	1
Cristofalo, E	1
McGinley, B	1
Katz, R	1
Glen, DR	1
Gauda, E	1
Hussain, SZ	1
Poets, CF	4
Brockmann, PE	1
Legnani, E	2
Doshi, A	1
Bernard-Stover, L	1
Kuelbs, C	1
Castillo, E	1
Stucky, E	1
Falsaperla, R	1
Pavone, L	1
Fichera, M	1
Striano, P	1
Pavone, P	1
Shin, MS	1
Shim, JO	1
Moon, JS	1
Kim, HS	1
Ko, JS	1
Choi, JH	1
Seo, JK	1
Marijuán, V	1
Ibáñez, V	1
Couselo, M	1
Valdés, E	1
Mangas, L	1
Gómez-Chacón, J	1
VilaCarbó, JJ	1
Martini, S	1
Battistini, B	1
Mittal, MK	1
Donda, K	1
Baren, JM	1
Rudolph, CD	1
Harris, P	1
Brockmann, P	1
Muñoz, C	1
Mobarec, S	1
Mesa, T	1
Sánchez, I	1
Molloy, EJ	1
Di Fiore, JM	2
Brand, DA	1
Altman, RL	1
Purtill, K	1
Edwards, KS	1
Puntis, JW	1
Booth, IW	3
Mousa, H	1
Woodley, FW	1
Metheney, M	1
Hayes, J	1
Whitehouse, M	1
Kimball, A	1
Bancalari, E	1
Akere, A	1
Otegbayo, JA	1
Ottaviani, G	1
Matturri, L	1
Mingrone, R	1
Lavezzi, AM	1
Finer, NN	1
Higgins, R	1
Kattwinkel, J	1
Kinane, TB	1
Murphy, J	1
Bass, JL	2
Corwin, MJ	1
Ducrocq, S	1
Biran-Mucignat, V	1
Boelle, PY	1
Lebas, F	1
Gold, F	1
Poblano, A	1
Marquez, A	1
Hernandez, G	1
Swischuk, LE	2
Orenstein, SR	4
Valusek, PA	1
St Peter, SD	1
Tsao, K	1
Spilde, TL	1
Ostlie, DJ	1
Holcomb, GW	1
Lee, SL	1
Shabatian, H	1
Hsu, JW	1
Applebaum, H	1
Haigh, PI	1
Foucaud, P	1
Boutignon, H	1
Navarro, J	1
Hermier, M	1
Descos, B	1
Brown, LW	1
Tedeschi, A	1
Baldari, S	1
Conti Nibali, S	1
Gemelli, M	1
Menon, AP	3
Schefft, GL	3
Thach, BT	6
Randolph, J	1
Fontán, JP	1
Heldt, GP	1
Heyman, MB	1
Marin, MS	1
Tooley, WH	1
Spitzer, AR	1
Boyle, JT	2
Tuchman, DN	1
Fox, WW	1
Rosen, CL	1
Frost, JD	1
Harrison, GM	1
Weissbluth, M	1
Read, DJ	1
Jeffery, HE	2
Rahilly, P	1
Ariagno, RL	1
Guilleminault, C	1
Baldwin, R	1
Owen-Boeddiker, M	1
Leape, LL	4
Holder, TM	3
Ashcraft, KW	3
Camfield, P	1
Camfield, C	1
Bagnell, P	1
Rees, E	1
Guardamagna, O	1
Euler, AR	1
Byrne, WJ	1
Walsh, JK	1
Farrell, MK	1
Keenan, WJ	1
Lucas, M	1
Kramer, M	1
Ramenofsky, ML	3
Herbst, JJ	2
Bray, PF	1
Book, LS	2
Carson, JA	1
Tunell, WP	1
Smith, EI	1
Mehta, KA	1
Westra, SJ	1
Derkx, HH	1
Taminiau, JA	1
Campbell, AH	1
Pierce, R	1
Wetmore, RF	1
Tsukada, K	1
Kosuge, N	1
Hosokawa, M	1
Umezu, R	1
Murata, M	1
Cohn, JF	1
Shalaby, TM	1
Kartan, R	1
Bauman, NM	1
Sandler, AD	1
Smith, RJ	1
Nitahara, J	1
Dozor, AJ	3
Schroeder, SA	1
Rifkinson-Mann, S	1
Alaswad, B	1
Toubas, PL	1
Grunow, JE	1
Callahan, CW	1
Sisler, C	1
Skinner, S	1
Naqvi, M	1
Biskinis, EK	1
Ungkanont, K	1
Friedman, EM	1
Sulek, M	1
Bobin, S	1
Attal, P	1
Mukhopadhyay, K	1
Narang, A	1
Kumar, P	1
Chakraborty, S	1
Mittal, BR	1
Marcus, CL	1
Hamer, A	1
Sindel, BD	1
Winkubourne, B	1
Corrado, G	1
Cavaliere, M	1
Porcelli, M	1
Vitullo, P	1
Cardi, E	1
Wenzl, TG	1
Schenke, S	1
Peschgens, T	1
Silny, J	2
Heimann, G	1
Skopnik, H	1
Kimball, AL	1
Carlton, DP	1
Levin, Y	1
Mandelberg, A	1
Gornstein, A	1
Srour, F	1
McKelvey, GM	1
Post, EJ	1
Wood, AK	1
Tonkin, SL	1
Gunn, AJ	1
Grant, L	1
Cochran, D	1
Peter, CS	1
Sprodowski, N	1
Bohnhorst, B	1
Barrington, KJ	1
Tan, K	1
Rich, W	1
Minton, SD	1
Franklin, JD	1
Amoury, RA	1
Goodwin, CD	1
Amoury, RW	1
McGill, CW	1
Gomes, H	1
Lallemand, P	1
Rahilly, PM	1
Byard, RW	1
de Ajuriaguerra, M	2
Radvanyi-Bouvet, MF	1
Huon, C	1
Moriette, G	1
Dipalma, J	1
Colon, AR	1
Simpson, H	1
Hampton, F	1
Veereman-Wauters, G	1
Bochner, A	1
Van Caillie-Bertrand, M	1
Gaultier, CL	1
Jolley, SG	1
Halpern, CT	1
Sterling, CE	1
Feldman, BH	1
Navelet, Y	1
Wood, C	1
Robieux, I	1
Tardieu, M	1
Newman, LJ	3
Russe, J	1
Glassman, MS	2
Berezin, S	3
Halata, MS	1
Medow, MS	3
Schwarz, SM	3
Baca Cots, M	1
Milano Manso, G	1
Calvo Macías, C	1
Martínez Valverde, M	1
See, CC	1
Newell, SJ	1
Morgan, ME	1
Durbin, GM	1
McNeish, AS	1
Laisne, C	1
Rimet, Y	1
Poujol, A	1
Cornus, P	1
Courcier, D	1
Coze, C	1
Brusquet, Y	1
Yang, S	1
Cannon, RA	1
St Cyr, JA	1
Ferrara, TB	1
Thompson, T	1
Johnson, D	1
Foker, JE	1
Naeye, RL	1
Itani, Y	1
Fujioka, M	1
Nishimura, G	1
Niitsu, N	1
Oono, T	1
Berdon, WE	1
Mellins, RB	1
Levy, J	1
Fawcett, HD	1
Hayden, CK	1
Adams, JC	1
Gouyon, JB	1
Boggio, V	1
Gillot, I	1
Seigneur, C	1
Narcy, C	1
Hennion, C	1
Odièvre, M	1
Sacré, L	1
Vandenplas, Y	1
Powell, RW	1
Curreri, PW	1
McCulloch, K	1
Vidyasagar, D	1
Hrabovsky, EE	1
Mullett, MD	1
Menon, A	1
San Filippo, JA	1
Halata, M	1
Greenbaum, DM	1
Poggi, J	1
Grace, WJ	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Feasibility and Safety of Duodenal Feeds in Very Low Birth Weight Infants[NCT04246333]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-07	Recruiting
Effects of Non-nutritive Sucking on Gastroesophageal Reflux, Apneas and Bradycardias in Symptomatic Preterm Infants.[NCT02023216]		30 participants (Actual)	Observational	2013-05-31	Completed
Effects of Vanilla on Hypoxic Intermittent Events in Premature Infants[NCT02630147]		32 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-11-30	Completed
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Assessment of Lansoprazole 30 mg Bid in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Associated With Laryngitis[NCT00369265]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Terminated (stopped due to Pharmaceutical company purchased by another company and funding was terminated.)
Continuous Versus Intermittent Bolus Feeding in Very Preterm Infants - Effects on Respiratory Morbidity: A Multicentre Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial[NCT03961139]		150 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2019-12-03	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Number per hour of oxygen saturation < 90% for at least 5 seconds (NCT02630147)
Timeframe: 12 hour period of recording on the night 1 and 3 of each participants, in which they are exposed to vanilla or no vanilla odor

Mean SpO2

Intervention	Number of events (Mean)
Night-vanilla	51.7
Night-no Vanilla	56.9

Mean value of oxygen saturation (%) (NCT02630147)
Timeframe: 12 hour period of recording on the night 1 and 3 of each participants, in which they are exposed to vanilla or no vanilla odor

Percentage of Time of Oxygen Saturation Under 90%

Intervention	% of SpO2 (Mean)
Night-vanilla	98
Night-no Vanilla	97.5

Percentage time in overall duration of oxygen saturation under 90% (NCT02630147)
Timeframe: 12 hour period of recording on the night 1 and 3 of each participants, in which they are exposed to vanilla or no vanilla odor

Percentage of Time of Periodic Breathing

Intervention	% of overall time (Mean)
Night-vanilla	1.8
Night-no Vanilla	2.2

"Percent of time of the recording spent in periodic breathing or in apnea.~A periodic beathing epoch was defined as a series of 3 episodes or more of apneas lasting at least 3 seconds and separated by less than 20 seconds of normal breathing~Apneas were defined as the absence of respiratory movements for at least 20 seconds or for at least 2 breathing cycles with a decrease of at least 3% in SpO2" (NCT02630147)
Timeframe: 12 hour period of recording on the night 1 and 3 of each participants, in which they are exposed to vanilla or no vanilla odor

Time in Apnea

Intervention	% of overall time (Mean)
Night-vanilla	12.2
Night-no Vanilla	8.7

Percent of time of the recording spent in apnea (NCT02630147)
Timeframe: 12 hour period of recording on the night 1 and 3 of each participants, in which they are exposed to vanilla or no vanilla odor

Article	Year
Apnea in preterm neonates: what's the role of gastroesophageal reflux? A systematic review. Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver, 2020, Volume: 52, Issue:7 Topics: Apnea; Electric Impedance; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; I	2020
Neonatal apnea and gastroesophageal reflux (GER): is there a problem? Early human development, 2013, Volume: 89 Suppl 1 Topics: Apnea; Esophageal pH Monitoring; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydro	2013
Association between gastroesophageal reflux and pathologic apneas in infants: a systematic review. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 2014, Volume: 26, Issue:11 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant	2014
[Gastroesophageal reflux in premature: a case report]. The Pan African medical journal, 2016, Volume: 25 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Pre	2016
Neonatal apnea: what's new? Pediatric pulmonology, 2008, Volume: 43, Issue:10 Topics: Apnea; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant	2008
[Gastroesophageal reflux in infants: myths and realities]. Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 2009, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Antacids; Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Infant, Newbor	2009
Myth: gastroesophageal reflux is a pathological entity in the preterm infant. Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine, 2011, Volume: 16, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Failure to Thrive; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infan	2011
Supraesophageal complications of gastroesophageal reflux in children: challenges in diagnosis and treatment. The American journal of medicine, 2003, Aug-18, Volume: 115 Suppl 3A Topics: Apnea; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Child; Dental Enamel; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastroesophageal Re	2003
Gastroesophageal reflux: a critical review of its role in preterm infants. Pediatrics, 2004, Volume: 113, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Apnea; Cattle; Diagnosis, Differential; Failure to Thrive; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans;	2004
Does gastroesophageal reflux cause apnea in preterm infants? Biology of the neonate, 2005, Volume: 87, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Disea	2005
Hypoplasia and neuronal immaturity of the hypoglossal nucleus in sudden infant death. Journal of clinical pathology, 2006, Volume: 59, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Apnea; Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hypoglossal	2006
Infant apnea and gastroesophageal reflux: a critical review and framework for further investigation. Current gastroenterology reports, 2007, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Esophageal Sphincter, Lower; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant	2007
[Gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory manifestations]. Pediatrie, 1983, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchopneumonia; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Gastroesophag	1983
Home monitoring of the high-risk infant. Clinics in perinatology, 1984, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Home Nursing; Humans; Infant; Infant, Ne	1984
Gastroesophageal reflux. A review. Clinical pediatrics, 1981, Volume: 20, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Esophagogastric Junction; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gastrointestinal	1981
Sudden infant death syndrome and suspected "near-miss": an overview for clinicians. The Medical journal of Australia, 1982, Jan-23, Volume: 1, Issue:2 Topics: Anxiety; Apnea; Australia; Electroencephalography; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant;	1982
Effects of acid on the larynx of the maturing rabbit and their possible significance to the sudden infant death syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1993, Volume: 103, Issue:11 Pt 1 Topics: Aging; Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrochloric Aci	1993
Reflux associated apnea in infants: evidence for a laryngeal chemoreflex. The American journal of medicine, 1997, Nov-24, Volume: 103, Issue:5A Topics: Apnea; Chemoreceptor Cells; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Reflex	1997
An overview of reflux-associated disorders in infants: apnea, laryngospasm, and aspiration. The American journal of medicine, 2001, Dec-03, Volume: 111 Suppl 8A Topics: Apnea; Comorbidity; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Laryngismus; Male; P	2001
Possible mechanisms responsible for the sudden infant death syndrome. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 1991, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Brain Diseases; Brain Stem; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Immune Sys	1991
Gastro-oesophageal reflux and the lung. Archives of disease in childhood, 1991, Volume: 66, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Lung Diseases	1991
Interference between gastroesophageal reflux and sleep in near miss SIDS. Clinical reviews in allergy, 1990,Winter, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Sudden Infant Death	1990
Gastroesophageal reflux in the pediatric patient. Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 1989, Volume: 18, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Biomechanical Phenomena; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Esophagitis; Gastroesophag	1989
Sudden infant death syndrome, is the confusion ending? Modern pathology : an official journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc, 1988, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Achondroplasia; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Brain Stem; Breast Feeding; Dwarfism; Fatty Acids; Fema	1988
Sleep apnea in infancy and childhood. The Medical clinics of North America, 1985, Volume: 69, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Eating; Epilepsy; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypov	1985

Article	Year
Preterm Infants May Better Tolerate Feeds at Temperatures Closer to Freshly Expressed Breast Milk: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 2019, Volume: 14, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gastrointestinal Contents; Humans; Infant Nutritional Physio	2019
Sodium Alginate (Gaviscon®) does not reduce apnoeas related to gastro-oesophageal reflux in preterm infants. Early human development, 2011, Volume: 87, Issue:12 Topics: Alginates; Aluminum Hydroxide; Apnea; Drug Combinations; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Glucuronic	2011
Role of pneumography and esophageal pH monitoring in the evaluation of infants with apparent life-threatening event: a prospective observational study. Clinical pediatrics, 2013, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Brief, Resolved, Unexplained Event; Esophageal pH Monitoring; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gast	2013
Comparison of respiratory physiologic features when infants are placed in car safety seats or car beds. Pediatrics, 2006, Volume: 118, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Equipment Design; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hypoxi	2006
[The effect of gastro-esophageal reflux therapy on respiratory diseases in children]. Harefuah, 2001, Volume: 140, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Apnea; Bronchial Hyperreactivity; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gastroesophageal Refl	2001
Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea of prematurity: no temporal relationship. Pediatrics, 2002, Volume: 109, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Comorbidity; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gestational Age; Heart Arrest; Humans; Infant;	2002

Article	Year
Episodic apnea: gastroesophageal reflux associated with gastric organo-axial malrotation: a case report. Journal of medical case reports, 2022, Apr-05, Volume: 16, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Failure to Thrive; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant;	2022
Inter-hospital cardiorespiratory telemonitoring of newborns and infants: a wellworking example of a hub and spoke network. Italian journal of pediatrics, 2023, Jan-13, Volume: 49, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hospitalization; Hospitals; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant,	2023
Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux and Apnoea: Is There a Temporal Relationship? Neonatology, 2018, Volume: 113, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care	2018
Cardiorespiratory events in infants with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms: Is there any association? Neurogastroenterology and motility, 2018, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premat	2018
Investigations for infants admitted with apparent life-threatening event (ALTE): Necessity or liability? Assessment at a tertiary care hospital. JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2018, Volume: 68, Issue:10 Topics: Apnea; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hospital Mortality; Hospitaliza	2018
Incidence and risk factors of unplanned intubation during pediatric sedation for MRI. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2019, Volume: 49, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesiology; Apnea; Bradycardia; Child;	2019
Correlation between cardiorespiratory events and gastro-esophageal reflux in preterm and term infants: Analysis of predisposing factors. Early human development, 2019, Volume: 134 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Pr	2019
Software for symptom association analysis in pediatric gastroesophageal reflux disease. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 2013, Volume: 111, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted; Electric Impedance; Esophageal pH Monitoring; Gast	2013
Menthol suppresses laryngeal C-fiber hypersensitivity to cigarette smoke in a rat model of gastroesophageal reflux disease: the role of TRPM8. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2015, Mar-01, Volume: 118, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hypersensitivity; Laryngeal Nerves; Larynx; Male; Menthol;	2015
Gaviscon and domperidon responsive apnea episodes associated with gastro-esophageal reflux disease in twins. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition, 2015, Volume: 24, Issue:4 Topics: Alginates; Aluminum Hydroxide; Antacids; Antiemetics; Apnea; Diseases in Twins; Domperidone; Drug Co	2015
Role of non-acid gastro-esophageal reflux in children with respiratory symptoms. Pediatric pulmonology, 2017, Volume: 52, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Cough; Electric Impedance; Esophageal pH Monitoring; Female; Gastroe	2017
Apparent life-threatening events: so what happens next? Pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 122, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Critical Illness; Cyanosis; Developmental Disabilities; Epilepsy; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hu	2008
Differential diagnosis of apneas in preterm infants. European journal of pediatrics, 2009, Volume: 168, Issue:2 Topics: Apgar Score; Apnea; Arousal; Birth Weight; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Electroence	2009
Gastro-oesophageal reflux increases the number of apnoeas in very preterm infants. Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition, 2009, Volume: 94, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Esophageal pH Monitoring; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, P	2009
Apnea, bradycardia and desaturation in preterm infants before and after feeding. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Blood Gas Analysis; Bradycardia; Cohort Studies; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Inf	2009
Transpyloric tube feeding in very low birthweight infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux: impact on apnea and bradycardia. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2009, Volume: 29, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Child Development; Cohort Studies; Enteral Nutrition; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing	2009
Reversal of hindbrain herniation after maternal-fetal surgery for myelomeningocele subsequently impacts on brain stem function. Neuropediatrics, 2008, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Brain Stem; Child; Child, Preschool; Decompression, Surgical; Deg	2008
Characterization of cardiorespiratory events following gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2010, Volume: 30, Issue:10 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Cardiography, Impedance; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newbor	2010
Esophageal hamartoma as an unusual cause of neonatal apnea and bradycardia. Ear, nose, & throat journal, 2010, Volume: 89, Issue:3 Topics: Anti-Ulcer Agents; Apnea; Bradycardia; Esophageal Diseases; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hamarto	2010
How to evaluate the child presenting with an apparent life-threatening event? The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ, 2010, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Age Factors; Apnea; Cohort Studies; Critical Illness; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Techniques	2010
The frequency of apneas in very preterm infants is increased after non-acid gastro-esophageal reflux. Neurogastroenterology and motility, 2011, Volume: 23, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Esophageal pH Monitoring; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, P	2011
Acid and weakly acid gastroesophageal refluxes and type of respiratory symptoms in children. Respiratory medicine, 2011, Volume: 105, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Apnea; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Cough; Diet; Esophageal pH Monitoring; Female; G	2011
Temporal association of polysomnographic cardiorespiratory events with GER detected by MII-pH probe in the premature infant at term. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2011, Volume: 52, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Electric Impedance; Esophageal pH Monitoring; Fundoplication; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gestat	2011
Nissen fundoplication: bridging the gap between pediatric surgeons and gastroenterologists. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2011, Volume: 52, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Fundoplication; Gastroenterology; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Pediatrics; Practi	2011
Apparent life-threatening event admissions and gastroesophageal reflux disease: the value of hospitalization. Pediatric emergency care, 2012, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; California; Consciousness Disorders; Cyanosis; Disease Management; Emerge	2012
Apneic crises: a clue for MECP2 testing in severe neonatal hypotonia-respiratory failure. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 2012, Volume: 16, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Electroencephalography; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Genetic Testing; Humans; Infant; Male; Methy	2012
Impedance-pH monitoring and conventional pH monitoring are complementary methods to detect association between gastroesophageal reflux and apnea-related symptoms in preterm infants and neonates. The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians, 2012, Volume: 25, Issue:11 Topics: Apnea; Electric Impedance; Esophageal pH Monitoring; Female; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastroes	2012
[Results of the use of laparoscopic anti-reflux procedure for the prevention of episodes of apnea, bradycardia and desaturation]. Cirugia pediatrica : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Pediatrica, 2010, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Laparoscopy; Postoper	2010
A thickened formula does not reduce apneas related to gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. Neonatology, 2013, Volume: 103, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gestational Age; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant	2013
Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea of prematurity--coincidence, not causation. Commentary on L. Corvaglia et Al.: A thickened formula does not reduce apneas related to gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants (Neonatology 2013;103;98-102). Neonatology, 2013, Volume: 103, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant Formula; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature	2013
[Polysomnographic abnormalities in infants with gastroesophageal reflux]. Revista medica de Chile, 2003, Volume: 131, Issue:10 Topics: Apnea; Child, Preschool; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant	2003
Yield of diagnostic testing in infants who have had an apparent life-threatening event. Pediatrics, 2005, Volume: 115, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Brain; Consciousness Disorders; Critical Illness; Cyanosis; Data Collection; Diagnosis, Diffe	2005
ALTE and gastro-oesophageal reflux. Archives of disease in childhood, 2005, Volume: 90, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Critical Illness; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant	2005
Testing the association between gastroesophageal reflux and apnea in infants. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2005, Volume: 41, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Electric Impedance; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infa	2005
Apnea is not prolonged by acid gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. Pediatrics, 2005, Volume: 116, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Esophageal pH Monitoring; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infan	2005
Apnea is not prolonged by acid gastroesophageal reflux in preterm infants. Pediatrics, 2005, Volume: 116, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Disea	2005
Acute breathlessness as a presenting feature of gastroesophageal reflux disease--case report. Nigerian journal of clinical practice, 2005, Volume: 8, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Apnea; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Esophagus; Female; Gastr	2005
Summary proceedings from the apnea-of-prematurity group. Pediatrics, 2006, Volume: 117, Issue:3 Pt 2 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Disea	2006
[Apnea of prematurity: risk factors and ambulatory treatment with caffeine citrate]. Archives de pediatrie : organe officiel de la Societe francaise de pediatrie, 2006, Volume: 13, Issue:10 Topics: Ambulatory Care; Apnea; Birth Weight; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Citrates; Continu	2006
Apnea in infants. Indian journal of pediatrics, 2006, Volume: 73, Issue:12 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hyperbilirubinemia; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Ca	2006
Apnea in an infant: what should I look for? Pediatric emergency care, 2007, Volume: 23, Issue:5 Topics: Anemia; Apnea; Battered Child Syndrome; Brain Injuries; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Cerebrospinal	2007
The use of fundoplication for prevention of apparent life-threatening events. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2007, Volume: 42, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Emergencies; Female; Follow-	2007
Hospital admissions for respiratory symptoms and failure to thrive before and after Nissen fundoplication. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2008, Volume: 43, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Age Distribution; Apnea; California; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Confidence	2008
[Severe faintness caused by gastroesophageal reflux in infants]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 1984, Oct-20, Volume: 13, Issue:37 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Manometry; Prognosis; Su	1984
[Apnea as a probable expression of gastroesophageal reflux in 2 newborn infants]. Minerva pediatrica, 1984, Jun-15, Volume: 36, Issue:11 Topics: Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Posture; Radionuclide Imaging	1984
Frequency and significance of swallowing during prolonged apnea in infants. The American review of respiratory disease, 1984, Volume: 130, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Deglutition; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant,	1984
Experience with the Nissen fundoplication for correction of gastroesophageal reflux in infants. Annals of surgery, 1983, Volume: 198, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Esophagitis; Failure to Thrive; Follow-Up Studies; Gastric Fundus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; H	1983
Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea. Pediatrics, 1983, Volume: 72, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Monitoring, Physiolog	1983
Esophageal spasm associated with apnea and bradycardia in an infant. Pediatrics, 1984, Volume: 73, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Electrocardiography; Esophageal Diseases; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Glyco	1984
Awake apnea associated with gastroesophageal reflux: a specific clinical syndrome. The Journal of pediatrics, 1984, Volume: 104, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Cardiography, Impedance; Esophagus; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydr	1984
Infant apnea: polygraphic studies and follow-up monitoring. Pediatrics, 1983, Volume: 71, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Electrooculography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gast	1983
Movement and gastroesophageal reflux in awake term infants with "near miss" SIDS, unrelated to apnea. The Journal of pediatrics, 1982, Volume: 100, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Esophagus; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Infan	1982
Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea. The Journal of pediatrics, 1982, Volume: 101, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant	1982
Infant apnea syndrome. A prospective evaluation of etiologies. Clinical pediatrics, 1982, Volume: 21, Issue:11 Topics: Apnea; Brain Edema; Encephalitis; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Male; Prospective	1982
[Esophago-gastric reflux in infants]. Minerva medica, 1982, Nov-30, Volume: 73, Issue:46 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Inhalation; Posture	1982
Twenty-four-hour esophageal intraluminal pH probe testing: a comparative analysis. Gastroenterology, 1981, Volume: 80, Issue:5 pt 1 Topics: Analysis of Variance; Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Esophagus; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hu	1981
Gastroesophageal reflux in infants: relation to apnea. The Journal of pediatrics, 1981, Volume: 99, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Time Fa	1981
Continuous upper esophageal pH monitoring in infants and children with gastroesophageal reflux, pneumonia, and apneic spells. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1981, Volume: 16, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Infant Food; Inf	1981
Should emphasis be on monitoring or diagnosis. Pediatrics, 1980, Volume: 65, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Monitoring, Physiologic; Sudden Infant Death	1980
Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in children. Results of Nissen's fundoplication in 100 children. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1980, Volume: 134, Issue:10 Topics: Adolescent; Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Esophageal Stenosis; Esophagitis, Peptic; Gastroesophage	1980
Pediatric gastroesophageal reflux: age-specific indications for operation. American journal of surgery, 1980, Volume: 140, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Apnea; Brain Damage, Chronic; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Gastroesopha	1980
Oxygen desaturation of selected term infants in car seats. Pediatrics, 1995, Volume: 96, Issue:2 Pt 1 Topics: Apnea; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Bradycardia; De Lange Syndrome; Gastroesophageal Reflux	1995
Symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux: diagnosis with ultrasound. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1994, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Child; Child, Preschool; Cough; Crying; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans;	1994
Brief upper airway dysfunction. Respiratory medicine, 1994, Volume: 88, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Apnea; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Laryngeal Dis	1994
Etiology of 19 infants with apparent life-threatening events: relationship between apnea and esophageal dysfunction. Acta paediatrica Japonica : Overseas edition, 1993, Volume: 35, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Barium Sulfate; Clinical Protocols; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Con	1993
Reliability and validity of an infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire. Clinical pediatrics, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:8 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colic; Cyanosis; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hiccup; Humans; Infant;	1993
Respiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in pediatric patients. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology, 1996, Volume: 105, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bradycardia; Cough; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infa	1996
Apnea as a presenting sign of hydrocephalus. Pediatrics, 1996, Volume: 97, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Diagnosis, Differential; Electroencephalography; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrocephal	1996
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and gastroesophageal reflux in infants with apparent life-threatening events. The Journal of the Oklahoma State Medical Association, 1996, Volume: 89, Issue:7 Topics: Apnea; Esophagus; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Male;	1996
Use of seating devices in infants too young to sit. Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 1997, Volume: 151, Issue:3 Topics: Accidents; Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant Equipment; Time Factors	1997
Gastric ulcer presenting as gastroesophageal reflux and apnea in a term neonate. Texas medicine, 1998, Volume: 94, Issue:9 Topics: Anti-Ulcer Agents; Apnea; Cisapride; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concen	1998
A retrospective analysis of airway endoscopy in patients less than 1-month old. The Laryngoscope, 1998, Volume: 108, Issue:11 Pt 1 Topics: Apnea; Barium Sulfate; Bronchoscopy; Contrast Media; Cyanosis; Edema; Esophagoscopy; Esophagus; Feed	1998
Laryngotracheal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux in children. Pediatric pulmonology. Supplement, 1999, Volume: 18 Topics: Apnea; Child; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Laryngeal Diseases; Respirat	1999
Gastroesophageal reflux and pulmonary complication in a neonate. Indian pediatrics, 1998, Volume: 35, Issue:7 Topics: Antiemetics; Apnea; Cisapride; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gastrointestinal Agents;	1998
Significance of isolated bradycardia detected by home monitoring. The Journal of pediatrics, 1999, Volume: 135, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Blood Gas Analysis; Bradycardia; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory; Fe	1999
Neonatal apnea casebook. Gastroesophageal reflux (GER)-associated apnea. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 1999, Volume: 19, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Prematur	1999
The otolaryngologic manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux: when is a pH sudy indicated? Journal of pediatric surgery, 2000, Volume: 35, Issue:8 Topics: Apnea; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Otorhinolaryngologic	2000
Association of apnea and nonacid gastroesophageal reflux in infants: Investigations with the intraluminal impedance technique. Pediatric pulmonology, 2001, Volume: 31, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Electric Impedance; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infa	2001
Gastroesophageal reflux medications in the treatment of apnea in premature infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 138, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Cisapride; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Gastrointestinal Agents; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	2001
Airway protection following simulated gastro-oesophageal reflux in sedated and sleeping neonatal piglets during active sleep. Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology, 2001, Volume: 28, Issue:7 Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; Deglutition; Electroencephalography; Electrooculography; Esophagus	2001
Failure of mouth-to-mouth resuscitation in cases of sudden infant death. Resuscitation, 2001, Volume: 48, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Fatal Outcome; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroesophageal Ref	2001
Acid versus non-acid reflux. The Journal of pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 139, Issue:3 Topics: Animals; Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Milk	2001
Apnea at discharge and gastro-esophageal reflux in the preterm infant. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2002, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; I	2002
Gastroesophageal reflux causing respiratory distress and apnea in newborn infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1979, Volume: 95, Issue:5 Pt 1 Topics: Apnea; Chronic Disease; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inf	1979
Respiratory arrest in infants secondary to gastroesophageal reflux. Pediatrics, 1977, Volume: 60, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Sudden Infant Death	1977
Thal fundoplication: a simple and safe operative treatment for gastroesophageal reflux. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1978, Volume: 13, Issue:6D Topics: Adolescent; Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hernia, Hiat	1978
Silent gastro-oesophageal reflux: how much do we miss? Archives of disease in childhood, 1992, Volume: 67, Issue:11 Topics: Apnea; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chronic Disease; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Ne	1992
Infant apnea and gastroesophageal reflux. Pediatric radiology, 1992, Volume: 22, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bradycardia; Bronchitis; Cough; Deglutition Disorders; Esophageal Motil	1992
The pneumographic and medical investigation of infants suffering apparent life threatening episodes. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 1991, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Follow-Up Studies; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infa	1991
Gastroesophageal reflux and apnea in prematurely born infants during wakefulness and sleep. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1991, Volume: 145, Issue:10 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Gastric Acidity Determination; Gastroe	1991
Gastroesophageal reflux in infants. American family physician, 1991, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Diagnosis, Differential; Failure to Thrive; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Con	1991
Gastroesophageal reflux in infants with a history of near-miss sudden infant death. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1991, Volume: 12, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Infant, Newbo	1991
[Apnea in the newborn. Role of gastroesophageal reflux]. Presse medicale (Paris, France : 1983), 1990, Jan-20, Volume: 19, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Esophageal Diseases; Esophagogastric Junction; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion	1990
The relationship of respiratory complications from gastroesophageal reflux to prematurity in infants. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1990, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Esophagus; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; H	1990
Seizures presenting as apnoea. Archives of disease in childhood, 1989, Volume: 64, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Cyanosis; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hyperkinesis; Infant; Male; Recurrenc	1989
Patterns of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in patients with apparent life-threatening events. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1989, Volume: 8, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male	1989
[Apnea attacks in infants: study of 7 cases]. Anales espanoles de pediatria, 1989, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hyponatremia; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Dise	1989
Gastroesophageal reflux-induced hypoxemia in infants with apparent life-threatening event(s). American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1989, Volume: 143, Issue:8 Topics: Apnea; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hypoxia; Infant; Infa	1989
Gastro-oesophageal reflux in preterm infants. Archives of disease in childhood, 1989, Volume: 64, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Critical Care; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant Nutritiona	1989
[Apropos of 100 cases of malaise in infants]. Annales de pediatrie, 1989, Volume: 36, Issue:7 Topics: Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Monitoring, Physiolog	1989
Apnea and bradycardia in a preterm neonate. Hospital practice (Office ed.), 1985, Sep-15, Volume: 20, Issue:9 Topics: Antacids; Apnea; Bethanechol; Bethanechol Compounds; Bradycardia; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; H	1985
Treatment of pulmonary manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux in children two years of age or less. American journal of surgery, 1989, Volume: 157, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Esophagus; Female; Gastric Fundus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Human	1989
Upper GI examinations in older premature infants with persistent apnea: correlation with simultaneous cardiorespiratory monitoring. Pediatric radiology, 1988, Volume: 18, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Deglutition Disorders; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Heart; Humans; Infant, Newborn;	1988
On the following paper by H.D. Fawcett, C.K. Hayden, J.C. Adams and L.E. Swischuk: How useful is gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy in suspected childhood aspiration? Pediatric radiology, 1988, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pneumo	1988
How useful is gastroesophageal reflux scintigraphy in suspected childhood aspiration? Pediatric radiology, 1988, Volume: 18, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Child, Preschool; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Image Process	1988
[Esophageal pH-monitoring in asymptomatic and symptomatic newborn infants]. Archives francaises de pediatrie, 1988, Volume: 45, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant,	1988
[Malaise in infants]. Annales de pediatrie, 1987, Volume: 34, Issue:10 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Infant; Nervous System Diseases; Respiratory T	1987
[Xanthines in apnea of premature infants. Influence on gastroesophageal reflux]. Archives francaises de pediatrie, 1987, Volume: 44, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Xant	1987
Gastroesophageal reflux. pH probe-directed therapy. Annals of surgery, 1986, Volume: 203, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Barium Sulfate; Esophagogastric Junction; Esophagus; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans;	1986
Infantile apnea. American family physician, 1986, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Breast Feeding; Diagnosis, Differential; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infant, New	1986
Apnea associated with regurgitation in infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1985, Volume: 106, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Prematur	1985
Patterns of pediatric gastroesophageal reflux. The American surgeon, 1985, Volume: 51, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Child; Child, Preschool; Esophageal Atre	1985
Pulmonary protective mechanisms in human infants. The American review of respiratory disease, 1985, Volume: 131, Issue:5 Topics: Apnea; Deglutition; Electromyography; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mucus; Pneum	1985
A new ambulatory system for extended esophageal pH monitoring. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 1985, Volume: 4, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Ambulatory Care; Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hum	1985
Airway protective and abdominal expulsive mechanisms in infantile regurgitation. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1985, Volume: 59, Issue:3 Topics: Abdomen; Apnea; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Muscle Contraction; Pulmonary Ventilation;	1985
Esophageal obstruction during oxygen administration: a new method for use in resuscitation. Chest, 1974, Volume: 65, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Apnea; Dogs; Esophagus; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Inhalation; Intubation; Intubation, Intrat	1974

apnea and Gastroesophageal Reflux