apnea and Child Development Deviations studies

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Caffeine citrate or placebo until drug therapy for apnea of prematurity was no longer needed."	9.24	Academic Performance, Motor Function, and Behavior 11 Years After Neonatal Caffeine Citrate Therapy for Apnea of Prematurity: An 11-Year Follow-up of the CAP Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Anderson, PJ; Asztalos, EV; Costantini, L; D'Ilario, J; Davis, PG; Dewey, D; Doyle, LW; Grunau, RE; Moddemann, D; Nelson, H; Ohlsson, A; Roberts, RS; Schmidt, B; Solimano, A; Tin, W, 2017)
"240 infants were randomly allocated to caffeine and aminophylline for apnea of prematurity during February 2012 to January 2015."	9.24	Long-term neurodevelopment outcome of caffeine versus aminophylline therapy for apnea of prematurity. ( Jayashree, P; Khurana, S; Lewis, LES; Ramesh Bhat, Y; Shivakumar, M; Sujith Kumar Reddy, GV, 2017)
"Very preterm infants are prone to apnea and have an increased risk of death or disability."	9.16	Survival without disability to age 5 years after neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. ( Anderson, PJ; Asztalos, EV; Barrington, KJ; Davis, PG; Dewey, D; Doyle, LW; Grunau, RE; Moddemann, D; Ohlsson, A; Roberts, RS; Schmidt, B; Solimano, A; Tin, W, 2012)
"Methylxanthine therapy is commonly used for apnea of prematurity but in the absence of adequate data on its efficacy and safety."	9.12	Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. ( Barrington, KJ; Davis, P; Doyle, LW; Ohlsson, A; Roberts, RS; Schmidt, B; Solimano, A; Tin, W, 2007)
"Apnea commonly occurs in preterm infants and may persist beyond term."	9.09	Early childhood neurodevelopment in very low birth weight infants with predischarge apnea. ( Barrington, KJ; Cheung, PY; Finer, NN; Robertson, CM, 1999)
" Other that the common symptoms related to PGAP1 mutations including non-progressive psychomotor retardation, neonatal feeding problems, microcephaly and brain atrophy these patients displayed severely delayed myelination and recurrent apneas thereby widing the clinical spectrum associated with such mutations."	8.93	Compound heterozygous variants in PGAP1 causing severe psychomotor retardation, brain atrophy, recurrent apneas and delayed myelination: a case report and literature review. ( Dreha-Kulaczewski, S; Elpeleg, O; Gärtner, J; Henneke, M; Huppke, P; Kettwig, M; Wegener, E, 2016)
"We report an 11-month-old boy with acetazolamide-responsive epileptic apnea and inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor deficiency who presented with decreased serum alkaline phosphatase associated with compound PIGT mutations."	7.88	Epileptic apnea in a patient with inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor deficiency and PIGT mutations. ( Adachi, Y; Ishiyama, A; Kinoshita, T; Kohashi, K; Matsumoto, N; Miya, K; Murakami, Y; Ohba, C; Saitsu, H; Sasaki, M; Sato, N; Sugai, K; Tanaka, T; Yuasa, S, 2018)
"Apnea and bradycardia of prematurity (ABP) are possible risks towards damage of the developing brain."	7.74	Factors influencing apnea and bradycardia of prematurity - implications for neurodevelopment. ( Hermann, C; Keller, T; Kribs, A; Pillekamp, F; Roth, B; von Gontard, A, 2007)
" Mutations in the choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) gene cause a presynaptic CMS associated with episodic apnea (CMS-EA)."	7.73	Clinical variability of CMS-EA (congenital myasthenic syndrome with episodic apnea) due to identical CHAT mutations in two infants. ( Abicht, A; Barisic, N; Gazdik, M; Lah-Tomulic, K; Lochmüller, H; Müller, JS; Paucic-Kirincic, E; Pertl, A; Sertic, J; Zurak, N, 2005)
"An increasing number of days that apnea was recorded during hospitalization was associated with a worse outcome."	7.72	Apnea is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in very low birth weight infants. ( Barrington, KJ; Cormier, C; Janvier, A; Khairy, M; Kokkotis, A; Messmer, D, 2004)
" There was a marked difference in the cumulative dosage and duration of doxapram therapy used for apnea of prematurity (total dose 2233 +/- 1927 mg vs 615 +/- 767 mg, P < ."	7.71	Isolated mental developmental delay in very low birth weight infants: association with prolonged doxapram therapy for apnea. ( Demianczuk, N; Etches, PC; Robertson, CM; Sreenan, C, 2001)
"The neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants with persistent apnea of prematurity (AOP) is reported."	7.68	Neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with apnea of infancy. ( Hegyi, T; Hiatt, M; Jadeja, N; Koons, AH; Mojica, N; Ostfeld, B, 1993)
"The authors report the observation of an infant who begins at the age of 7 months to present episodes of epileptic apnea with cyanosis, lost of consciousness, hypotony and sometimes ocular revulsion and distal myoclonia."	7.67	[Episodes of apnea in an infant: unusual forms of epileptic seizures]. ( Campistol, J; Estivill, E; Fernandez-Alvarez, E; Roger, J; Sanmarti, FX, 1985)
"Caffeine citrate or placebo until drug therapy for apnea of prematurity was no longer needed."	5.24	Academic Performance, Motor Function, and Behavior 11 Years After Neonatal Caffeine Citrate Therapy for Apnea of Prematurity: An 11-Year Follow-up of the CAP Randomized Clinical Trial. ( Anderson, PJ; Asztalos, EV; Costantini, L; D'Ilario, J; Davis, PG; Dewey, D; Doyle, LW; Grunau, RE; Moddemann, D; Nelson, H; Ohlsson, A; Roberts, RS; Schmidt, B; Solimano, A; Tin, W, 2017)
"240 infants were randomly allocated to caffeine and aminophylline for apnea of prematurity during February 2012 to January 2015."	5.24	Long-term neurodevelopment outcome of caffeine versus aminophylline therapy for apnea of prematurity. ( Jayashree, P; Khurana, S; Lewis, LES; Ramesh Bhat, Y; Shivakumar, M; Sujith Kumar Reddy, GV, 2017)
"Very preterm infants are prone to apnea and have an increased risk of death or disability."	5.16	Survival without disability to age 5 years after neonatal caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. ( Anderson, PJ; Asztalos, EV; Barrington, KJ; Davis, PG; Dewey, D; Doyle, LW; Grunau, RE; Moddemann, D; Ohlsson, A; Roberts, RS; Schmidt, B; Solimano, A; Tin, W, 2012)
"Methylxanthine therapy is commonly used for apnea of prematurity but in the absence of adequate data on its efficacy and safety."	5.12	Long-term effects of caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity. ( Barrington, KJ; Davis, P; Doyle, LW; Ohlsson, A; Roberts, RS; Schmidt, B; Solimano, A; Tin, W, 2007)
"Apnea commonly occurs in preterm infants and may persist beyond term."	5.09	Early childhood neurodevelopment in very low birth weight infants with predischarge apnea. ( Barrington, KJ; Cheung, PY; Finer, NN; Robertson, CM, 1999)
" In the large international Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity trial, caffeine improved survival without neurodevelopmental disability at 18 months and demonstrated long term safety up to 11 years."	5.05	Neurodevelopmental outcomes after neonatal caffeine therapy. ( Grunau, RE; Synnes, A, 2020)
" Other that the common symptoms related to PGAP1 mutations including non-progressive psychomotor retardation, neonatal feeding problems, microcephaly and brain atrophy these patients displayed severely delayed myelination and recurrent apneas thereby widing the clinical spectrum associated with such mutations."	4.93	Compound heterozygous variants in PGAP1 causing severe psychomotor retardation, brain atrophy, recurrent apneas and delayed myelination: a case report and literature review. ( Dreha-Kulaczewski, S; Elpeleg, O; Gärtner, J; Henneke, M; Huppke, P; Kettwig, M; Wegener, E, 2016)
" Sleep apnea-hypersomnia has received insufficient attention in the American literature."	4.75	The pathophysiology of sleep disorders in pediatrics. Part II. Sleep disorders in children. ( Anders, TF; Guilleminault, C, 1976)
" Early-onset problems include excessive hiccups, hypotonia, hypersomnolence, hypothermia, feeding difficulties, recurrent apneas, epileptic seizures, and abnormal nonepileptic movements."	4.02	Expanding the PURA syndrome phenotype: A child with the recurrent PURA p.(Phe233del) pathogenic variant showing similarities with cutis laxa. ( Ciaccio, C; Cinquina, V; Colombi, M; Masson, R; Ritelli, M; Venturini, M, 2021)
"We report an 11-month-old boy with acetazolamide-responsive epileptic apnea and inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor deficiency who presented with decreased serum alkaline phosphatase associated with compound PIGT mutations."	3.88	Epileptic apnea in a patient with inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor deficiency and PIGT mutations. ( Adachi, Y; Ishiyama, A; Kinoshita, T; Kohashi, K; Matsumoto, N; Miya, K; Murakami, Y; Ohba, C; Saitsu, H; Sasaki, M; Sato, N; Sugai, K; Tanaka, T; Yuasa, S, 2018)
" We report on 2 patients with de novo stop-loss frameshift variants in KIF5A resulting in a novel phenotype that includes severe infantile onset myoclonus, hypotonia, optic nerve abnormalities, dysphagia, apnea, and early developmental arrest."	3.83	KIF5A mutations cause an infantile onset phenotype including severe myoclonus with evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction. ( Applegate, C; Crawford, TO; Dean, S; Dollar, JD; Duis, J; Hamosh, A; Harper, A; He, W; Stafstrom, CE; Sun, LR; Waberski, MB; Xiao, R, 2016)
"Apnea and bradycardia of prematurity (ABP) are possible risks towards damage of the developing brain."	3.74	Factors influencing apnea and bradycardia of prematurity - implications for neurodevelopment. ( Hermann, C; Keller, T; Kribs, A; Pillekamp, F; Roth, B; von Gontard, A, 2007)
", apnea, neurogenic dysphagia [ND], gastro-esophageal reflux disease [GERD], neuro-ophthalmologic disturbances [NOD])."	3.74	Reversal of hindbrain herniation after maternal-fetal surgery for myelomeningocele subsequently impacts on brain stem function. ( Adzick, NS; Bebbington, MW; Danzer, E; Finkel, RS; Johnson, MP; Rintoul, NE; Schwartz, ES; Zarnow, DM, 2008)
" Mutations in the choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) gene cause a presynaptic CMS associated with episodic apnea (CMS-EA)."	3.73	Clinical variability of CMS-EA (congenital myasthenic syndrome with episodic apnea) due to identical CHAT mutations in two infants. ( Abicht, A; Barisic, N; Gazdik, M; Lah-Tomulic, K; Lochmüller, H; Müller, JS; Paucic-Kirincic, E; Pertl, A; Sertic, J; Zurak, N, 2005)
"We review the anesthetic implications of Joubert syndrome and report that spinal anesthesia under intravenous propofol sedation proved satisfactory for repair of an inguinal hernia in a spontaneously ventilating infant with this syndrome."	3.72	Anesthetic management in Joubert syndrome. ( Gordon, GJ; Vodopich, DJ, 2004)
"An increasing number of days that apnea was recorded during hospitalization was associated with a worse outcome."	3.72	Apnea is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in very low birth weight infants. ( Barrington, KJ; Cormier, C; Janvier, A; Khairy, M; Kokkotis, A; Messmer, D, 2004)
" There was a marked difference in the cumulative dosage and duration of doxapram therapy used for apnea of prematurity (total dose 2233 +/- 1927 mg vs 615 +/- 767 mg, P < ."	3.71	Isolated mental developmental delay in very low birth weight infants: association with prolonged doxapram therapy for apnea. ( Demianczuk, N; Etches, PC; Robertson, CM; Sreenan, C, 2001)
" We report a case of isolated glycerol kinase deficiency in a neonate presenting with hypotonia, apnea, mild developmental delay, and glyceroluria, without evidence of adrenal insufficiency or myopathy."	3.69	Isolated glycerol kinase deficiency in a neonate. ( Carey, W; Harbord, M; Harrison, R; Keenan, R; Lewis, B; Robertson, E, 1994)
"Joubert syndrome is characterized by episodic hyperpnea and apnea, developmental delay, hypotonia, truncal ataxia, ophthalmologic abnormalities, and vermian dysgenesis."	3.69	"Joubert syndrome" revisited: key ocular motor signs with magnetic resonance imaging correlation. ( Booth-Jones, M; Creel, G; Fennell, EB; Frerking, B; Hamed, LM; Hoang, KB; Hove, MT; Mancuso, AA; Maria, BL; Quisling, RG; Ringdahl, DM; Tusa, RJ; Yachnis, AT, 1997)
"The neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants with persistent apnea of prematurity (AOP) is reported."	3.68	Neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with apnea of infancy. ( Hegyi, T; Hiatt, M; Jadeja, N; Koons, AH; Mojica, N; Ostfeld, B, 1993)
" Seven were on apnea monitors at the time of the home interviews, and 18 had been off the monitors for 18 months or more."	3.68	Children at home on mechanical assistive devices and their families: a retrospective study. ( Griggs, C; Williams, AR; Williams, PD, 1990)
"The authors report the observation of an infant who begins at the age of 7 months to present episodes of epileptic apnea with cyanosis, lost of consciousness, hypotony and sometimes ocular revulsion and distal myoclonia."	3.67	[Episodes of apnea in an infant: unusual forms of epileptic seizures]. ( Campistol, J; Estivill, E; Fernandez-Alvarez, E; Roger, J; Sanmarti, FX, 1985)
"It is characterized by infantile seizures refractory to anticonvulsive treatments, microcephaly, delays in mental and motor development, spasticity, ataxia, dysarthria and other paroxysmal neurologic phenomena, often occurring prior to meals."	2.44	[Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT-1) deficiency]. ( Cano, A; Chabrol, B; Ticus, I, 2008)

Research

Studies (35)

Authors

Clinical Trials (8)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

Cognitive Performance-Fine Motor Function

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	3 (8.57)	18.7374
1990's	6 (17.14)	18.2507
2000's	14 (40.00)	29.6817
2010's	10 (28.57)	24.3611
2020's	2 (5.71)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Synnes, A	1
Grunau, RE	3
Cinquina, V	1
Ciaccio, C	1
Venturini, M	1
Masson, R	1
Ritelli, M	1
Colombi, M	1
Schmidt, B	4
Roberts, RS	4
Anderson, PJ	2
Asztalos, EV	2
Costantini, L	1
Davis, PG	3
Dewey, D	2
D'Ilario, J	1
Doyle, LW	5
Moddemann, D	2
Nelson, H	1
Ohlsson, A	3
Solimano, A	3
Tin, W	3
Kohashi, K	1
Ishiyama, A	1
Yuasa, S	1
Tanaka, T	1
Miya, K	1
Adachi, Y	1
Sato, N	1
Saitsu, H	1
Ohba, C	1
Matsumoto, N	1
Murakami, Y	1
Kinoshita, T	1
Sugai, K	1
Sasaki, M	1
Khurana, S	1
Shivakumar, M	1
Sujith Kumar Reddy, GV	1
Jayashree, P	1
Ramesh Bhat, Y	1
Lewis, LES	1
Holze, N	1
Baalen, AV	1
Stephani, U	1
Helbig, I	1
Muhle, H	1
Greene, MM	1
Patra, K	1
Khan, S	1
Karst, JS	1
Nelson, MN	1
Silvestri, JM	1
Kettwig, M	1
Elpeleg, O	1
Wegener, E	1
Dreha-Kulaczewski, S	1
Henneke, M	1
Gärtner, J	1
Huppke, P	1
Duis, J	1
Dean, S	1
Applegate, C	1
Harper, A	1
Xiao, R	1
He, W	1
Dollar, JD	1
Sun, LR	1
Waberski, MB	1
Crawford, TO	1
Hamosh, A	1
Stafstrom, CE	1
Bonkowsky, JL	1
Guenther, E	1
Filloux, FM	1
Srivastava, R	1
DiMario, FJ	1
Cano, A	1
Ticus, I	1
Chabrol, B	1
Shah, PS	1
Perlman, M	1
Galante, D	1
Meola, S	1
Cinnella, G	1
Dambrosio, M	1
Danzer, E	1
Finkel, RS	1
Rintoul, NE	1
Bebbington, MW	1
Schwartz, ES	1
Zarnow, DM	1
Adzick, NS	1
Johnson, MP	1
Winckworth, LC	1
Powell, E	1
Davis, P	2
Barrington, KJ	4
Janvier, A	1
Khairy, M	1
Kokkotis, A	1
Cormier, C	1
Messmer, D	1
Vodopich, DJ	1
Gordon, GJ	1
Barisic, N	1
Müller, JS	1
Paucic-Kirincic, E	1
Gazdik, M	1
Lah-Tomulic, K	1
Pertl, A	1
Sertic, J	1
Zurak, N	1
Lochmüller, H	1
Abicht, A	1
Pillekamp, F	1
Hermann, C	1
Keller, T	1
von Gontard, A	1
Kribs, A	1
Roth, B	1
Stevenson, DK	1
Lewis, B	1
Harbord, M	1
Keenan, R	1
Carey, W	1
Harrison, R	1
Robertson, E	1
Rossiter, EJ	1
Koons, AH	1
Mojica, N	1
Jadeja, N	1
Ostfeld, B	1
Hiatt, M	1
Hegyi, T	1
Maria, BL	1
Hoang, KB	1
Tusa, RJ	1
Mancuso, AA	1
Hamed, LM	1
Quisling, RG	1
Hove, MT	1
Fennell, EB	1
Booth-Jones, M	1
Ringdahl, DM	1
Yachnis, AT	1
Creel, G	1
Frerking, B	1
Cheung, PY	1
Finer, NN	1
Robertson, CM	2
Rickards, AL	1
Kelly, EA	1
Ford, GW	1
Davis, NM	1
Callanan, C	1
Sreenan, C	1
Etches, PC	1
Demianczuk, N	1
Guilleminault, C	1
Anders, TF	1
Williams, PD	1
Williams, AR	1
Griggs, C	1
Sanmarti, FX	1
Estivill, E	1
Campistol, J	1
Roger, J	1
Fernandez-Alvarez, E	1
Levitt, GA	1
Mushin, A	1
Bellman, S	1
Harvey, DR	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Efficacy and Safety of Methylxanthines in Very Low Birthweight Infants[NCT00182312]	Phase 3	2,000 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	1999-10-31	Completed
Pharmacokinetics (PK) and Safety of Caffeine in Neonates With Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia[NCT05295784]	Phase 1	18 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2024-06-30	Not yet recruiting
A Prospective, Controlled Trial of Inhalation of Low Concentration of CO2 in Preterm Infants Not Responding to Caffeine for the Treatment of Apnea of Prematurity[NCT01911182]	Phase 2/Phase 3	7 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2011-10-31	Terminated (stopped due to Low recruitment rate)
Structure & Function of Dopaminergic Brain Networks Following Postnatally-Occurring Hypoxic Insults[NCT03407729]		21 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-06-08	Completed
Effect of Feedings on Caffeine Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism in Premature Infants[NCT02293824]		50 participants (Anticipated)	Observational	2014-12-31	Completed
Long-Term Effects On Sleep Of Methylxanthine Therapy For Apnea Of Prematurity[NCT01020357]	Phase 3	201 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2009-11-30	Completed
[NCT01066728]	Phase 2/Phase 3	87 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2001-08-31	Completed
A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Early Caffeine in Preterm Neonates[NCT03086473]	Phase 4	24 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-02-01	Active, not recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Measured using the grooved pegboard task (number of seconds required to place 25 pegs using the dominant hand) (NCT03407729)
Timeframe: 20 minutes

Functional Activity During Executive Function Tasks

Intervention	seconds (Mean)
Post-hypoxic Former Preterm	102.11
Healthy Term-born Children	82.71

Subjects in each group were evaluated for changes in functional connectivity between the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA), as evaluated by functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygen level dependent (fMRI-BOLD), using whole brain analysis. The measurement is increase/decrease of MRI signal intensity in a given region, thresholded at p <0.05, summarized into a value representing 'size of region of increase' or 'size of region of decrease' after subjects' scans were combined/mapped onto a standard MNI brain. Only clusters of over 50 voxels were included, and the size of the region is reported in voxel size. The averaged brains for prematurely born fMRI was subtracted from the full term treatment for each group, and then these averaged differences were subtracted from each other. While other areas of the brain met threshold criteria in the analysis, only brain regions innervated by primary or collateral dopaminergic pathways are reported. (NCT03407729)
Timeframe: 30 minutes

Structural Integrity of Dopaminergic Circuits

Intervention	Cluster size (voxels) (Number)
	Left thalamus	Left middle temporal gyrus
Healthy Term-born Children	358	75
Post-hypoxic Former Preterm	310	95

Assessment of dopaminergic circuits originating in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Includes right and left nucleus accumbens, right and left mamillary body, right and left hippocampus. Measured using Magnetic Resonance T1-weighted magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) scans with three-dimensional volumetrics analysis (NCT03407729)
Timeframe: 30 minutes

Intervention	mm^3 (Mean)
	left nucleus accumbens	right nucleus accumbens	left mamillary body	right mamillary body	left hippocampus	right hippocampus
Healthy Term-born Children	175.93	192.78	54.78	44.70	3419.48	4241.03
Post-hypoxic Former Preterm	148.90	177.25	89.34	67.78	2741.09	3329.34

Article	Year
Expanding the PURA syndrome phenotype: A child with the recurrent PURA p.(Phe233del) pathogenic variant showing similarities with cutis laxa. Molecular genetics & genomic medicine, 2021, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Child, Preschool; Cutis Laxa; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnosis, Differential; DNA-Bindin	2021
Epileptic apnea in a patient with inherited glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor deficiency and PIGT mutations. Brain & development, 2018, Volume: 40, Issue:1 Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Acyltransferases; Apnea; Atrophy; Developmental Disabilities; Epilepsy; Gly	2018
Variants in the ATP1A3 Gene Mutations within Severe Apnea Starting in Early Infancy: An Observational Study of Two Cases with a Possible Relation to Epileptic Activity. Neuropediatrics, 2018, Volume: 49, Issue:5 Topics: Age of Onset; Apnea; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Sodium-	2018
Cardiorespiratory events in extremely low birth weight infants: neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 and 2 years. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2014, Volume: 34, Issue:7 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Child Development; Cohort Studies; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; I	2014
KIF5A mutations cause an infantile onset phenotype including severe myoclonus with evidence of mitochondrial dysfunction. Annals of neurology, 2016, Volume: 80, Issue:4 Topics: Apnea; Child, Preschool; Deglutition Disorders; Developmental Disabilities; Fatal Outcome; Female; F	2016
Death, child abuse, and adverse neurological outcome of infants after an apparent life-threatening event. Pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 122, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Child Abuse; Critical Illness; Cyanosis; Developmental Disabilities; Epilepsy; Female; Humans	2008
Apparent life-threatening events: so what happens next? Pediatrics, 2008, Volume: 122, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Critical Illness; Cyanosis; Developmental Disabilities; Epilepsy; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hu	2008
Time courses of intrapartum asphyxia: neonatal characteristics and outcomes. American journal of perinatology, 2009, Volume: 26, Issue:1 Topics: Acidosis; Apgar Score; Apnea; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Birth Weight; Cause of Death; Child, Preschool; C	2009
Regional caudal blockade in a pediatric patient affected by the Joubert syndrome. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 2009, Volume: 53, Issue:5 Topics: Anesthesia, Caudal; Apnea; Cerebellar Ataxia; Developmental Disabilities; Digestive System Surgical	2009
Reversal of hindbrain herniation after maternal-fetal surgery for myelomeningocele subsequently impacts on brain stem function. Neuropediatrics, 2008, Volume: 39, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Brain Stem; Child; Child, Preschool; Decompression, Surgical; Deg	2008
Archimedes: Does caffeine treatment for apnoea of prematurity improve neurodevelopmental outcome in later life? Archives of disease in childhood, 2011, Volume: 96, Issue:8 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Infant, Newb	2011
Apnea is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in very low birth weight infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2004, Volume: 24, Issue:12 Topics: Apnea; Child Development; Communication; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Huma	2004
Apnea is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in very low birth weight infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2004, Volume: 24, Issue:12 Topics: Apnea; Child Development; Communication; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Huma	2004
Apnea is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in very low birth weight infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2004, Volume: 24, Issue:12 Topics: Apnea; Child Development; Communication; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Huma	2004
Apnea is associated with neurodevelopmental impairment in very low birth weight infants. Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2004, Volume: 24, Issue:12 Topics: Apnea; Child Development; Communication; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Huma	2004
Anesthetic management in Joubert syndrome. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:10 Topics: Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Caudal; Apnea; Ataxia; Brain; Corpus Callosum;	2004
Clinical variability of CMS-EA (congenital myasthenic syndrome with episodic apnea) due to identical CHAT mutations in two infants. European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society, 2005, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Croatia; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; Hypoxia, Br	2005
Factors influencing apnea and bradycardia of prematurity - implications for neurodevelopment. Neonatology, 2007, Volume: 91, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Bradycardia; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gestational Age; Hospital	2007
On the caffeination of prematurity. The New England journal of medicine, 2007, Nov-08, Volume: 357, Issue:19 Topics: Apnea; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Infant, Newb	2007
Isolated glycerol kinase deficiency in a neonate. Journal of child neurology, 1994, Volume: 9, Issue:1 Topics: Apnea; Brain; Cerebral Ventricles; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21; Developmental D	1994
Neurodevelopmental outcome of infants with apnea of infancy. American journal of perinatology, 1993, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Apnea; Cerebral Palsy; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Huma	1993
"Joubert syndrome" revisited: key ocular motor signs with magnetic resonance imaging correlation. Journal of child neurology, 1997, Volume: 12, Issue:7 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Apnea; Cerebellar Ataxia; Cerebellar Diseases; Cerebellum; Child; Child, Preschoo	1997
Methylxanthines and sensorineural outcome at 14 years in children < 1501 g birthweight. Journal of paediatrics and child health, 2000, Volume: 36, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Apnea; Bronchodilator Agents; Cerebral Palsy; Child Development; Developmental Disabilit	2000
Isolated mental developmental delay in very low birth weight infants: association with prolonged doxapram therapy for apnea. The Journal of pediatrics, 2001, Volume: 139, Issue:6 Topics: Apnea; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Child Development; Developmental Disabilities; Dox	2001
Children at home on mechanical assistive devices and their families: a retrospective study. Maternal-child nursing journal, 1990,Winter, Volume: 19, Issue:4 Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Apnea; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Family; Female; Home	1990
[Episodes of apnea in an infant: unusual forms of epileptic seizures]. Revue d'electroencephalographie et de neurophysiologie clinique, 1985, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Apnea; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnosis, Differential; Electroence	1985
Outcome of preterm infants who suffered neonatal apnoeic attacks. Early human development, 1988, Volume: 16, Issue:2-3 Topics: Apnea; Child, Preschool; Deafness; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infa	1988

apnea and Child Development Deviations