apnea and Airway Obstruction studies

Airway Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.

Research Excerpts

Excerpt	Relevance	Reference
"Apnea of prematurity is a significant problem due to immaturity of the central neural control circuitry responsible for integrating afferent input and central rhythm."	8.88	Apnea of prematurity. ( Martin, RJ; Wilson, CG, 2012)
"Evidence supporting a role for abnormal apnea in sudden infant deaths is predominantly circumstantial."	8.77	Role of apnea in the sudden infant death syndrome: a personal view. ( Southall, DP, 1988)
"An infant who presents with stridor and apnea constitutes a challenge for emergency physicians in terms of diagnosis and management."	7.88	Congenital Vallecular Cyst as a Cause of Neonatal Stridor and Apnea. ( Discolo, CM; Hewett, KM; Jackson, BF; Oelsen, JM, 2018)
"This is a case of a 3-week-old male who presented to the emergency department with intermittent apnea and cyanosis."	7.73	A thyroglossal duct cyst causing apnea and cyanosis in a neonate. ( Christopher, NC; Diaz, MC; Stormorken, A, 2005)
" Thereafter prolonged apnea developed such that the patient had to be admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit."	7.72	[Emergency from anesthesia in small children. From laryngospasm to prolonged apnea]. ( Gries, A; Motsch, J; Springer, W; Ulmer, HE, 2003)
"We tested the hypotheses that active upper airway closure during induced central apneas in nonsedated lambs 1)."	7.72	Active upper airway closure during induced central apneas in lambs is complete at the laryngeal level only. ( Arsenault, J; Dorion, D; Fortier, PH; Praud, JP; Reix, P, 2003)
"-Patients with obstructive sleep apnea are at increased risk for hypertension."	7.70	Baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in obstructive sleep apnea. ( Davison, DE; Kato, M; Narkiewicz, K; Pesek, CA; Phillips, BG; Somers, VK, 1998)
"To test the hypothesis that sighs are mechanistically important in triggering apnea, we studied 10 preterm infants, group 1: body weight 1."	7.68	Sighs and their relationship to apnea in the newborn infant. ( Alvarez, JE; Bodani, J; Cates, DB; Fajardo, CA; Kwiatkowski, K; Rigatto, H, 1993)
"Four cases of respiratory distress and apnea associated with an elongated uvula are presented."	7.68	Apnea and the elongated uvula. ( Cunningham, MJ; Shott, SR, 1992)
"14 kg; gestation, 29 weeks) on 80 occasions, to determine the time course of the response and its relationship with spontaneous apnea occurrence."	7.68	Response to external obstruction in preterm infants with apnea. ( Milner, AD; Stokes, GM; Upton, CJ, 1992)
"The mechanism of failure of autoresuscitation from hypoxic apnea in 17- to 23-day-old (weanling) Swiss Webster related/J mice was investigated by recording electrocardiogram (ECG) and ventilation in adult, weanling, and 11-day-old mice."	7.68	Mechanism of failure of recovery from hypoxic apnea by gasping in 17- to 23-day-old mice. ( Gershan, WM; Jacobi, MS; Thach, BT, 1991)
"Twenty healthy preterm infants of less than 34 wk gestation were studied with continuous recordings, commencing within 8 h of birth, for up to 1 wk of age to determine the usual time course of the appearance of apnea and to classify apnea types."	7.68	The natural history of the appearance of apnea of prematurity. ( Barrington, K; Finer, N, 1991)
"Arousal is an important protective mechanism that aids in the resolution of obstructive sleep apnea in adults and children, but its role in neonatal apnea has not been investigated."	7.68	Behavioral arousal in newborn infants and its association with termination of apnea. ( Belan, MA; Cowen, CP; Mathew, OP; Thoppil, CK, 1991)
"During sleep, mild reduction in inspiratory airflow is associated with snoring, whereas obstructive hypopneas and apneas are associated with more marked reductions in airflow."	7.68	Upper airway collapsibility in snorers and in patients with obstructive hypopnea and apnea. ( Gleadhill, IC; Permutt, S; Schubert, N; Schwartz, AR; Smith, PL; Wise, RA, 1991)
"Airway obstruction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of apnea in premature infants who have not previously undergone anesthesia."	7.68	Association of postoperative apnea, airway obstruction, and hypoxemia in former premature infants. ( Kurth, CD; LeBard, SE, 1991)
"Eight children with obstructive apnea were evaluated by transnasal fiberoptic endoscopy."	7.67	Transnasal fiberoptic endoscopy in children with obstructive apnea. ( Fan, LL, 1984)
"Airway obstruction is a cause of apnea in preterm infants."	7.67	Apnea of prematurity: II. Respiratory reflexes. ( Bancalari, E; Gerhardt, T, 1984)
"We examined the rate of fall of arterial O2 saturation (dSao2/dt) after apnea onset in four spontaneously breathing adult male baboons."	7.67	Central venous O2 saturation and rate of arterial desaturation during obstructive apnea. ( Fletcher, EC; Kass, R; Miller, T; Rosborough, J; Thornby, JI, 1989)
"Brief end-expiratory airway occlusions were performed in 22 preterm babies, 17 with and 5 without clinical apnea, and 4 full-term babies, 1 with Pierre-Robin syndrome."	7.67	Upper airway stability and apnea during nasal occlusion in newborn infants. ( Cohen, G; Henderson-Smart, DJ, 1986)
"This review provides an understanding of current problems related to apnea of infancy."	7.67	Infant apnea. ( Fox, WW; Spitzer, AR, 1986)
" It is concluded that regardless of a specific cause, any airway obstruction that results in a decreased inspiratory pressure overcoming the airway maintaining genioglossus action causes a glossoptosis-apnea syndrome."	7.67	Glossoptosis-apnea syndrome in infancy. ( Cozzi, F; Pierro, A, 1985)
" The episodes were subsequently found to be factitious apnea that occurred as a result of the father suffocating the child."	7.67	Child abuse manifested as factitious apnea. ( Morris, B, 1985)
"The site of upper airway obstruction during mixed and obstructive apnea was investigated in nine preterm infants with clinical apnea."	7.66	Pharyngeal airway obstruction in preterm infants during mixed and obstructive apnea. ( Mathew, OP; Roberts, JL; Thach, BT, 1982)
"Two sons and their father had severe hypersomnolence and obstructive sleep apnea."	7.66	Obstructive sleep apnea in family members. ( Feldman, NT; Hallett, M; Saunders, NA; Strohl, KP, 1978)
"A three year old with sleep apnea due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy is presented."	7.66	[Sleep apnea in a child with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (author's transl)]. ( Aguilar Quero, F; Carranza Conde, M; Delgado Moreno, F; Navarro González, J, 1979)
"A working protocol is presented which has developed to help the clinician in the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from the sleep apnea syndrome associated with various types of upper airway obstruction."	7.66	Sleep apnea syndrome associated with upper airway obstruction. ( Healy, GB; Sukerman, S, 1979)
" Frequency and duration of recorded apneas decreased in 11 cases, and satisfactory control of sleep apnea was maintained with medical therapy alone in 8 of these 11 patients for 7 to 15 months."	7.66	Sleep apnea: treatment with protriptyline. ( Boudoulas, H; Clark, RW; Schaal, SF; Schmidt, HS; Schuller, DE, 1979)
" Two life-threatening forms of respiratory distress are distinguished: (1) upper airway obstruction due to bilateral abductor cord paralysis and (2) apnea."	7.66	Respiratory obstruction and apnea in infants with bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis, meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus, and Arnold-Chiari malformation. ( Holinger, LD; Holinger, PC; Holinger, PH; Reichert, TJ, 1978)
"Pharyngeal airway during sleep was observed with help of Fibro-optic flexible bronchoscope and cineradiography in 10 adult patients with Hypersomnia Sleep-Apnea (HSA) syndrome."	7.66	Fibro-optic study of pharyngeal airway during sleep in patients with hypersomnia obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome. ( Borowiecki, B; Imperato, J; Pollak, CP; Rakoff, S; Weitzman, ED, 1978)
"Pressure plethysmographic measurement of ventilation and electromyographic measurement of diaphragm activation in unanesthetized suckling opossums revealed spontaneous episodes of obstructive apnea."	7.66	An obstructive apnea in the suckling opossum. ( Farber, JP; Marlow, TA, 1978)
"A sleep apnea syndrome due to upper airway obstruction was diagnosed in 25 adult men (25 to 65 years of age) using nocturnal polygraphic monitoring."	7.65	Sleep apnea syndrome due to upper airway obstruction: a review of 25 cases. ( Dement, WC; Eldridge, FL; Guilleminault, C; Simmons, FB; Tilkian, A, 1977)
"The association of sleep apnea with daytime hypersomnolence without obesity, and its potentially lethal cardiopulmonary sequelae, make it crucial that this condition be distinguished from narcolepsy."	7.65	Retrognathia and sleep apnea. A life-threatening condition masquerading as narcolepsy. ( Imes, NK; Orr, WC; Rogers, RM; Smith, RO, 1977)
"A case presenting association of sleep apnea with daytime hypersomnolence and retrognathia is described."	7.65	[Hypersomnia with periodic apnea in a patient with acquired micrognathism]. ( Chausse, JM; Gaillard, JM; Junod, A; Robert, M, 1977)
" A number of infants also reveal transient upper airway obstruction following brief periods of sleep apnea."	7.65	Apnea and airway obstruction during feeding and sleep. ( Rabuzzi, DD; Steinschneider, A, 1976)
"Twelve patients with predominantly obstructive type sleep apnea underwent cardiac catheterization, hemodynamic monitoring, and arterial blood gas analysis during wakefulness and sleep."	7.65	Hemodynamics in sleep-induced apnea. Studies during wakefulness and sleep. ( Dement, WC; Guilleminault, C; Lehrman, KL; Schroeder, JS; Simmons, FB; Tilkian, AG, 1976)
"Periodic sleep apnea may be due to repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction in patients who have a short thick neck and/or large jowls."	7.65	Periodic sleep apnea: chronic sleep deprivation related to intermittent upper airway obstruction and central nervous system disturbance. ( Forrest, T; Greeneltch, D; Landa, J; Sackner, MA, 1975)
"Of 250 patients referred to the Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic, 35 were diagnosed for a sleep induced apnea syndrome."	7.65	Sleep apnea syndrome. Can it induce hemodynamic changes? ( Dement, WC; Eldridge, FL; Guilleminault, C; Simmon, FB, 1975)
"We conclude that upper airway obstruction contributes considerably to decreases in SpO2 during midazolam sedation for spinal anaesthesia."	5.29	Upper airway obstruction during midazolam sedation: modification by nasal CPAP. ( Isono, S; Nishino, T; Nozaki-Taguchi, N; Numai, T; Taguchi, N, 1995)
"All subjects had severe daytime somnolence, and five of the seven had congestive heart failure."	5.26	Progesterone therapy in obese patients with sleep apnea. ( Imes, NK; Martin, RJ; Orr, WC, 1979)
"The children also exhibited daytime hypersomnolence."	5.26	Sleep apnea, hypersomnolence, and upper airway obstruction secondary to adenotonsillar enlargement. ( Mangat, D; Orr, WC; Smith, RO, 1977)
"Opioid-induced respiratory depression (OIRD) and postoperative apnea (POA) can lead to complications after surgery or traumatic injury."	5.19	Continuous noninvasive respiratory volume monitoring for the identification of patients at risk for opioid-induced respiratory depression and obstructive breathing patterns. ( Freeman, J; Galvagno, SM; George, E; Ladd, D; MacNabb, CM; Voscopoulos, CJ, 2014)
" Physiologic data, including oxygen saturation and frequency and type of apnea, were obtained and analyzed in a blinded manner."	5.12	Comparison of respiratory physiologic features when infants are placed in car safety seats or car beds. ( Bass, JL; Corwin, MJ; Kinane, TB; Murphy, J, 2006)
"A total of 1079 infants (classified as healthy term infants and 6 groups of those at risk for SIDS) who, during the first 6 months after birth, were observed with home cardiorespiratory monitors using respiratory inductance plethysmography to detect apnea and obstructed breathing."	5.09	Cardiorespiratory events recorded on home monitors: Comparison of healthy infants with those at increased risk for SIDS. ( Baird, T; Corwin, MJ; Crowell, DH; Cupples, LA; Hufford, D; Hunt, CE; Keens, TG; Lister, G; Martin, RJ; Neuman, MR; Peucker, M; Ramanathan, R; Silvestri, JM; Tinsley, LR; Weese-Mayer, DE; Willinger, M, 2001)
" The bulk of the major complications after frenotomy included poor feeding (n = 7), hypovolemic shock (n = 4), apnea (n = 4), acute airway obstruction (n = 4), and Ludwig angina (n = 2)."	5.05	Major complications after tongue-tie release: A case report and systematic review. ( Kim, GS; Lincango-Naranjo, E; Ponce, OJ; Prokop, L; Solis-Pazmino, P; Truong, MT, 2020)
"Pierre Robin sequence (PRS) is a craniofacial anomaly comprising mandibular hypoplasia, cleft secondary palate and glossoptosis leading to life-threatening obstructive apnea and feeding difficulties during the neonatal period."	4.89	Developmental and genetic perspectives on Pierre Robin sequence. ( Farlie, PG; Kilpatrick, N; Tan, TY, 2013)
"Apnea of prematurity is a significant problem due to immaturity of the central neural control circuitry responsible for integrating afferent input and central rhythm."	4.88	Apnea of prematurity. ( Martin, RJ; Wilson, CG, 2012)
" The purpose of this article is to focus on signs and symptoms of emergencies involving the airway, such as aspiration of foreign bodies, asthma attacks, obstruction of the airway as a consequences of physiological and pathological causes and sedation-induced apnea."	4.82	[Respiratory emergencies in the pediatric dental clinic: prevention and treatment]. ( Amir, E; Sapir, S; Shapira, Y, 2003)
"An "apparent life-threatening event" (ALTE) refers to an episode that is of concern to the caregiver and is associated with a combination of apnea, color change, change in tone, choking, or gagging."	4.82	Apparent life-threatening event: a review. ( Dewolfe, CC, 2005)
" However, upper airway narrowing or occlusion occur at the nadir of ventilatory drive during induced periodic breathing and during central apnea."	4.79	Effect of ventilatory drive on upper airway patency in humans during NREM sleep. ( Badr, MS, 1996)
" One group of neonates at high risk for SIDS includes those who develop apnea secondary to gastroesophageal reflux (GER)."	4.78	Effects of acid on the larynx of the maturing rabbit and their possible significance to the sudden infant death syndrome. ( Wetmore, RF, 1993)
" Piecewise linear approximation yielded a PaCO2 increase of 12 mmHg during the first minute of apnea, and 3."	4.77	The PaCO2 rate of rise in anesthetized patients with airway obstruction. ( McSweeney, TD; Schisler, JQ; Stock, MC, 1989)
"Evidence supporting a role for abnormal apnea in sudden infant deaths is predominantly circumstantial."	4.77	Role of apnea in the sudden infant death syndrome: a personal view. ( Southall, DP, 1988)
"Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is diagnosed by the absence of lethal autopsy findings, or in a resuscitatable, "near miss" form with cyanosis, apnea, and bradycardia."	4.75	Sudden infant death syndrome (crib death). ( Guntheroth, WG, 1977)
" Patients with upper airway obstruction may also have sleep apneas and the sleep deprivation syndrome."	4.75	Diagnosis of obstruction of the upper and central airways. ( Anthonisen, N; Antic, R; Bode, F; Kryger, M, 1976)
" We compare AIAE rates (coughing, gagging, apnea, airway obstruction, and laryngospasm) in children who received TPA as part of their propofol-based procedural sedation for EGD with those who did not receive TPA."	4.31	Topical Pharyngeal Anesthesia in Sedated Pediatric Patients Undergoing Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. ( Aljabari, S; El-Halabi, I; Friedman, S; Ohler, A; Tryon, C; Waheed, S, 2023)
" The adverse events during sedation including airway obstruction, apnea, desaturation, bradycardia, and hypotension were also assessed."	3.91	Incidence and risk factors of unplanned intubation during pediatric sedation for MRI. ( Gil, NS; Hahm, TS; Jeong, JS; Kim, D; Lee, EK; Shin, YH, 2019)
" Apnea (87%) was the most common presentation of BRUE."	3.88	Short article: The endoscopic and histologic findings of infants who have experienced brief resolved unexplained events. ( Crissinger, KD; Gallegos, MBR; Gremse, DA; Jarasvaraparn, C; Mulekar, MS, 2018)
"An infant who presents with stridor and apnea constitutes a challenge for emergency physicians in terms of diagnosis and management."	3.88	Congenital Vallecular Cyst as a Cause of Neonatal Stridor and Apnea. ( Discolo, CM; Hewett, KM; Jackson, BF; Oelsen, JM, 2018)
"Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange has been shown to safely prolong the safe apnea time in well children post induction of anesthesia and is rapidly becoming a new standard for apneic oxygenation in adults."	3.85	Nasal high-flow oxygen delivery in children with abnormal airways. ( Housden, T; Humphreys, S; Rosen, D; Schibler, A; Taylor, J, 2017)
" It can cause stridor, apnea, cyanosis, respiratory distress, and feeding difficulties."	3.85	Congenital Vallecular Cyst: ARare and Potentially Lethal Condition. ( Busaidi, MMA; Mallick, SA; Qureshi, TN; Varghese, AM, 2017)
" The primary endpoint was the frequency of respiratory impairment, defined as either: (i) a decline from baseline of > 4 % in oxygen saturation, or (ii) apnea lasting ≥ 20 seconds."	3.83	Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study. ( Coyle, WJ; Endemann, S; Kais, SS; Klein, KB; Rose, RM, 2016)
"2%) was the most common description, followed by apnea (13."	3.81	Apparent Life-Threatening Events: Patients' Health Status at 5 Years of Age. ( Steiman, B; Watemberg, N, 2015)
" ALTE is characterized by some combination of apnea, color or muscle tone change, chocking and has to be followed by cardiorespiratory reanimation."	3.80	[Consensus on evaluation and management of apparent life-threatening events in infancy (ALTE)]. ( Abara E, S; Brockmann V, PE; Campos O, C; Holmgren P, NL; Montes F, S; Sepúlveda R, H; Zenteno A, D, 2014)
" Indications for surgery were apnea and desaturations with feeding."	3.78	Immediate mandibular distraction in mandibular hypoplasia and upper airway obstruction. ( Bakthavachalam, S; Burstein, FD; Schoemann, MB; Williams, JK, 2012)
" Extreme events included central apnea >30 seconds, bradycardia >10 seconds, and desaturation >10 seconds at hemoglobin-oxygen saturation value with pulse oximetry <80%."	3.75	Risk factors for extreme events in infants hospitalized for apparent life-threatening events. ( Al-Kindy, HA; Côté, A; Gélinas, JF; Hatzakis, G, 2009)
" After hyperventilating the mice to central apnea, we demonstrated a critical closing pressure (Pcrit) of -6."	3.74	Neuromechanical control of the isolated upper airway of mice. ( Liu, A; Patil, SP; Pichard, L; Polotsky, V; Schneider, H; Schwartz, AR; Smith, PL, 2008)
" The classic MIOP features, such as frontal bossing, micrognathia, and small thorax, may place these children at risk for developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic hypoxemia."	3.74	Airway evaluation and management in 7 children with malignant infantile osteopetrosis before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. ( Donepudi, S; Horwitz, EM; Kasow, KA; Kaste, SC; Schoumacher, RA; Stocks, RM; Tottenham, D, 2008)
"This is a case of a 3-week-old male who presented to the emergency department with intermittent apnea and cyanosis."	3.73	A thyroglossal duct cyst causing apnea and cyanosis in a neonate. ( Christopher, NC; Diaz, MC; Stormorken, A, 2005)
" Thereafter prolonged apnea developed such that the patient had to be admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit."	3.72	[Emergency from anesthesia in small children. From laryngospasm to prolonged apnea]. ( Gries, A; Motsch, J; Springer, W; Ulmer, HE, 2003)
"We tested the hypotheses that active upper airway closure during induced central apneas in nonsedated lambs 1)."	3.72	Active upper airway closure during induced central apneas in lambs is complete at the laryngeal level only. ( Arsenault, J; Dorion, D; Fortier, PH; Praud, JP; Reix, P, 2003)
"-Patients with obstructive sleep apnea are at increased risk for hypertension."	3.70	Baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in obstructive sleep apnea. ( Davison, DE; Kato, M; Narkiewicz, K; Pesek, CA; Phillips, BG; Somers, VK, 1998)
"Phasic blood pressure (BP) response during obstructive apnea (OA) in human sleep has been previously described as consisting of a slow incremental increase in BP to the point of apnea termination followed by a rapid rise and then fall in BP at the resumption of respiration."	3.69	Acute systemic blood pressure elevation in obstructive and nonobstructive breath hold in primates. ( Fletcher, EC; Miller, CC; White, SG, 1995)
" In NREM sleep, a significant central apnea [expiratory time (TE) prolonged 2-10 times control] followed the hyperpneic response, so long as the increase in tidal volume (VT) during the hyperpnea exceeded three times control VT, that is, a volume-dependent apneic threshold."	3.69	Effects of REM sleep on the ventilatory response to airway occlusion in the dog. ( Chow, CM; Dempsey, JA; Smith, CA; Xi, L, 1994)
"To test the hypothesis that sighs are mechanistically important in triggering apnea, we studied 10 preterm infants, group 1: body weight 1."	3.68	Sighs and their relationship to apnea in the newborn infant. ( Alvarez, JE; Bodani, J; Cates, DB; Fajardo, CA; Kwiatkowski, K; Rigatto, H, 1993)
"To improve history-taking of infants with suspected gastroesophageal reflux, we developed an Infant Gastroesophageal Reflux Questionnaire consisting of 161 items covering demographics, symptoms (regurgitation, weight deficit, respiratory difficulties, fussiness, apnea, and pain or bleeding of esophagitis), and possible causes (feeding volume and frequency, allergy, infection, colic, central nervous system abnormalities, positioning, and smoke exposure)."	3.68	Reliability and validity of an infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire. ( Cohn, JF; Kartan, R; Orenstein, SR; Shalaby, TM, 1993)
"Twenty-five patients were screened following an acute life-threatening event for the presence of obstructive and mixed apnea."	3.68	Site of upper airway obstruction in infants following an acute life-threatening event. ( Milner, AD; Ruggins, NR, 1993)
" The following complications were recorded: cough, laryngospasm, bronchospasm, apnea, and airway obstruction."	3.68	Complications and fiberoptic assessment of size 1 laryngeal mask airway. ( Dubreuil, M; Ecoffey, C; Laffon, M; Penon, C; Plaud, B, 1993)
"Four cases of respiratory distress and apnea associated with an elongated uvula are presented."	3.68	Apnea and the elongated uvula. ( Cunningham, MJ; Shott, SR, 1992)
"14 kg; gestation, 29 weeks) on 80 occasions, to determine the time course of the response and its relationship with spontaneous apnea occurrence."	3.68	Response to external obstruction in preterm infants with apnea. ( Milner, AD; Stokes, GM; Upton, CJ, 1992)
"Simultaneous inferior vena caval and superior vena caval pressures were measured during five ventilatory phases: apnea, end-expiratory mechanical ventilation, maximal inspiratory mechanical ventilation, end-expiratory spontaneous ventilation, and maximal inspiratory spontaneous ventilation."	3.68	Accuracy of central venous pressure monitoring in the intraabdominal inferior vena cava: a canine study. ( Berg, RA; Donnerstein, RL; Lloyd, TR, 1992)
"The mechanism of failure of autoresuscitation from hypoxic apnea in 17- to 23-day-old (weanling) Swiss Webster related/J mice was investigated by recording electrocardiogram (ECG) and ventilation in adult, weanling, and 11-day-old mice."	3.68	Mechanism of failure of recovery from hypoxic apnea by gasping in 17- to 23-day-old mice. ( Gershan, WM; Jacobi, MS; Thach, BT, 1991)
" After similar, end-expiratory occlusions in quiet sleep were commonly followed by apneas, presumably a manifestation of the Hering-Breuer reflex."	3.68	Tracheal occlusion in the newborn piglet. Effects of sleep state and occlusion timing on arousal and respiratory responses. ( Barrington, KJ; Buckner, PS, 1991)
"Twenty healthy preterm infants of less than 34 wk gestation were studied with continuous recordings, commencing within 8 h of birth, for up to 1 wk of age to determine the usual time course of the appearance of apnea and to classify apnea types."	3.68	The natural history of the appearance of apnea of prematurity. ( Barrington, K; Finer, N, 1991)
"Arousal is an important protective mechanism that aids in the resolution of obstructive sleep apnea in adults and children, but its role in neonatal apnea has not been investigated."	3.68	Behavioral arousal in newborn infants and its association with termination of apnea. ( Belan, MA; Cowen, CP; Mathew, OP; Thoppil, CK, 1991)
"Six infants had recurrent apnea of infancy episodes (near miss sudden infant death syndrome) during their neonatal period."	3.68	Laryngomalacia: a cause for early near miss for SIDS. ( Ben-Ari, J; Schonfeld, TM; Sivan, Y, 1991)
"During sleep, mild reduction in inspiratory airflow is associated with snoring, whereas obstructive hypopneas and apneas are associated with more marked reductions in airflow."	3.68	Upper airway collapsibility in snorers and in patients with obstructive hypopnea and apnea. ( Gleadhill, IC; Permutt, S; Schubert, N; Schwartz, AR; Smith, PL; Wise, RA, 1991)
"Airway obstruction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of apnea in premature infants who have not previously undergone anesthesia."	3.68	Association of postoperative apnea, airway obstruction, and hypoxemia in former premature infants. ( Kurth, CD; LeBard, SE, 1991)
"Eight children with obstructive apnea were evaluated by transnasal fiberoptic endoscopy."	3.67	Transnasal fiberoptic endoscopy in children with obstructive apnea. ( Fan, LL, 1984)
"Airway obstruction is a cause of apnea in preterm infants."	3.67	Apnea of prematurity: II. Respiratory reflexes. ( Bancalari, E; Gerhardt, T, 1984)
"6 mm Hg during the apnea (P less than 0."	3.67	Awake inspiratory airway occlusion in normal humans is followed by hyperpnea and hypocapnia. ( Iber, C; McArthur, C, 1989)
"We examined the rate of fall of arterial O2 saturation (dSao2/dt) after apnea onset in four spontaneously breathing adult male baboons."	3.67	Central venous O2 saturation and rate of arterial desaturation during obstructive apnea. ( Fletcher, EC; Kass, R; Miller, T; Rosborough, J; Thornby, JI, 1989)
" Capnography proved to be a sensitive and accurate method for detecting apnea and airway obstruction using the continuous display of the CO2 waveform."	3.67	Use of capnography and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring during outpatient general anesthesia for oral surgery. ( Anderson, JA; Clark, PJ; Kafer, ER, 1987)
" Studies were performed in nine premature infants with mixed and obstructive apnea and in eight nonapneic control infants."	3.67	Genioglossus response to airway occlusion in apneic versus nonapneic infants. ( Carlo, WA; Difiore, JM; Gauda, EB; Johnsen, DC; Martin, RJ; Miller, MJ, 1987)
"This review of 28 cases of airway obstruction by vascular anomalies in the past 6 years emphasizes the importance of these anomalies as causes of obstruction, stridor, and apnea in infants as well as the important contribution of telescopic bronchoscopy to the recognition of these lesions, especially compression of the trachea by the innominate artery."	3.67	Airway obstruction by vascular anomalies. Importance of telescopic bronchoscopy. ( Ferguson, TB; Filston, HC; Oldham, HN, 1987)
" However, this obstruction is only manifested in subjects susceptible to upper airway atonicity and narrowing (such as snorers) and can be prevented in most cases if respiratory drive is permitted to reach sufficiently high levels (as during central apnea)."	3.67	Effect of hypoxia-induced periodic breathing on upper airway obstruction during sleep. ( Dempsey, JA; Skatrud, JB; Warner, G, 1987)
"Brief end-expiratory airway occlusions were performed in 22 preterm babies, 17 with and 5 without clinical apnea, and 4 full-term babies, 1 with Pierre-Robin syndrome."	3.67	Upper airway stability and apnea during nasal occlusion in newborn infants. ( Cohen, G; Henderson-Smart, DJ, 1986)
"This review provides an understanding of current problems related to apnea of infancy."	3.67	Infant apnea. ( Fox, WW; Spitzer, AR, 1986)
"7 Torr X ml-1 X min during apnea."	3.67	Upper airway resistances in fetal sheep: the influence of breathing activity. ( Bocking, AD; Harding, R; Sigger, JN, 1986)
" It is concluded that regardless of a specific cause, any airway obstruction that results in a decreased inspiratory pressure overcoming the airway maintaining genioglossus action causes a glossoptosis-apnea syndrome."	3.67	Glossoptosis-apnea syndrome in infancy. ( Cozzi, F; Pierro, A, 1985)
" The episodes were subsequently found to be factitious apnea that occurred as a result of the father suffocating the child."	3.67	Child abuse manifested as factitious apnea. ( Morris, B, 1985)
"Seventy-six premature infants with clinical apnea, bradycardia, or cyanosis were studied with polygraph recordings of heart rate, nasal thermistor detection of airflow, and impedance pneumography."	3.66	Episodic airway obstruction in premature infants. ( Dransfield, DA; Fox, WW; Spitzer, AR, 1983)
" Use in hyaline membrane disease, extrathoracic and intrathoracic airway obstruction, congestion of overperfusion of the lungs in diseases of the heart and great vessels, apnea repetens of immaturity, and phrenic nerve palsy is presented."	3.66	Continuous positive airway pressure: modes of action in relation to clinical applications. ( Ahlström, H; Jonson, B; Lindroth, M; Svenningsen, NW, 1980)
"The site of upper airway obstruction during mixed and obstructive apnea was investigated in nine preterm infants with clinical apnea."	3.66	Pharyngeal airway obstruction in preterm infants during mixed and obstructive apnea. ( Mathew, OP; Roberts, JL; Thach, BT, 1982)
" The results show that occlusions at the end of inspiration or inflations provoked an apnea in both cats and humans."	3.66	Breuer-Hering inflation reflex and breathing pattern in anesthetized humans and cats. ( Bonora, M; Gaudy, JH; Gautier, H, 1981)
" All 13 patients manifested central apnea, which was controlled in five by bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation and in eight by unilateral stimulation."	3.66	Characteristics and surgical management of respiratory complications accompanying pathologic lesions of the brain stem. ( Glenn, WW; Haak, B; Kirchner, J; Sasaki, C, 1980)
"Two sons and their father had severe hypersomnolence and obstructive sleep apnea."	3.66	Obstructive sleep apnea in family members. ( Feldman, NT; Hallett, M; Saunders, NA; Strohl, KP, 1978)
"When the syndrome consisting of sleep-induced apnea and hypersomnolence is due to upper airway obstruction, the hypersomnolence is believed to be the direct result of deprivation of sleep related to such obstructions."	3.66	Hypersomnolent and nonhypersomnolent patients with upper airway obstruction during sleep. ( Imes, NK; Martin, RJ; Orr, WC; Rogers, RM; Stahl, ML, 1979)
"A three year old with sleep apnea due to adenotonsillar hypertrophy is presented."	3.66	[Sleep apnea in a child with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (author's transl)]. ( Aguilar Quero, F; Carranza Conde, M; Delgado Moreno, F; Navarro González, J, 1979)
" This could be the mechanism of the obstructive type of apnea recorded by Steinschneider, and of the asphyxial type of death that is suggested by autopsies on some "cot death" victims."	3.66	The pharyngeal effect of partial nasal obstruction. ( Beach, D; Partridge, J; Tonkin, SL; Whiteney, S, 1979)
"A working protocol is presented which has developed to help the clinician in the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from the sleep apnea syndrome associated with various types of upper airway obstruction."	3.66	Sleep apnea syndrome associated with upper airway obstruction. ( Healy, GB; Sukerman, S, 1979)
" Frequency and duration of recorded apneas decreased in 11 cases, and satisfactory control of sleep apnea was maintained with medical therapy alone in 8 of these 11 patients for 7 to 15 months."	3.66	Sleep apnea: treatment with protriptyline. ( Boudoulas, H; Clark, RW; Schaal, SF; Schmidt, HS; Schuller, DE, 1979)
" Two life-threatening forms of respiratory distress are distinguished: (1) upper airway obstruction due to bilateral abductor cord paralysis and (2) apnea."	3.66	Respiratory obstruction and apnea in infants with bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis, meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus, and Arnold-Chiari malformation. ( Holinger, LD; Holinger, PC; Holinger, PH; Reichert, TJ, 1978)
"Pharyngeal airway during sleep was observed with help of Fibro-optic flexible bronchoscope and cineradiography in 10 adult patients with Hypersomnia Sleep-Apnea (HSA) syndrome."	3.66	Fibro-optic study of pharyngeal airway during sleep in patients with hypersomnia obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome. ( Borowiecki, B; Imperato, J; Pollak, CP; Rakoff, S; Weitzman, ED, 1978)
"The writers analyze 29 nyctohemeral recordings in 20 patients with sleep apneas."	3.66	[Respiratory arrest during sleep. Facts and hypothyses]. ( Krieger, J; Kurtz, D, 1978)
"Pressure plethysmographic measurement of ventilation and electromyographic measurement of diaphragm activation in unanesthetized suckling opossums revealed spontaneous episodes of obstructive apnea."	3.66	An obstructive apnea in the suckling opossum. ( Farber, JP; Marlow, TA, 1978)
" Measurements of expiratory airflow and respiratory effort indicated that 36 of 43 spells were mixed, consisting of central apnea preceded or followed by airway obstruction."	3.66	Spontaneous neck flexion and airway obstruction during apneic spells in preterm infants. ( Stark, AR; Thach, BT, 1979)
" In heavy snorers, obstructive apneas are always present and particularly abundant during light sleep (state 2) and REM sleep."	3.65	Snoring. ( Lugaresi, E, 1975)
"A sleep apnea syndrome due to upper airway obstruction was diagnosed in 25 adult men (25 to 65 years of age) using nocturnal polygraphic monitoring."	3.65	Sleep apnea syndrome due to upper airway obstruction: a review of 25 cases. ( Dement, WC; Eldridge, FL; Guilleminault, C; Simmons, FB; Tilkian, A, 1977)
"The association of sleep apnea with daytime hypersomnolence without obesity, and its potentially lethal cardiopulmonary sequelae, make it crucial that this condition be distinguished from narcolepsy."	3.65	Retrognathia and sleep apnea. A life-threatening condition masquerading as narcolepsy. ( Imes, NK; Orr, WC; Rogers, RM; Smith, RO, 1977)
" Sleep apnea because of upper airway obstruction was found, and a tracheostomy was performed."	3.65	Hypersomnolence and intermittent upper airway obstruction. Occurrence caused by micrognathia. ( Barnes, ME; Bower, GC; Conway, WA, 1977)
"Three children with sleep apnea, alveolar hypoventilation, apparent mental retardation, and poor growth associated with chronically enlarged tonsils and adenoids were treated with the use of a nasopharyngeal tube followed by tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy."	3.65	Hypoventilation during sleep in children who have lymphoid airway obstruction treated by nasopharyngeal tube and T and A. ( Borowiecki, B; Kravath, RE; Pollak, CP, 1977)
"During acute progressive asphyxia an abrupt transition occurs from regular respiratory efforts to primary apnea and gasping."	3.65	Respiratory patterns during progressive asphyxia in newborn rabbits. ( Lawson, EE; Thach, BT, 1977)
"A case presenting association of sleep apnea with daytime hypersomnolence and retrognathia is described."	3.65	[Hypersomnia with periodic apnea in a patient with acquired micrognathism]. ( Chausse, JM; Gaillard, JM; Junod, A; Robert, M, 1977)
" A number of infants also reveal transient upper airway obstruction following brief periods of sleep apnea."	3.65	Apnea and airway obstruction during feeding and sleep. ( Rabuzzi, DD; Steinschneider, A, 1976)
"Twelve patients with predominantly obstructive type sleep apnea underwent cardiac catheterization, hemodynamic monitoring, and arterial blood gas analysis during wakefulness and sleep."	3.65	Hemodynamics in sleep-induced apnea. Studies during wakefulness and sleep. ( Dement, WC; Guilleminault, C; Lehrman, KL; Schroeder, JS; Simmons, FB; Tilkian, AG, 1976)
"Periodic sleep apnea may be due to repeated episodes of upper airway obstruction in patients who have a short thick neck and/or large jowls."	3.65	Periodic sleep apnea: chronic sleep deprivation related to intermittent upper airway obstruction and central nervous system disturbance. ( Forrest, T; Greeneltch, D; Landa, J; Sackner, MA, 1975)
"Twenty-seven subjects with insomnia or diurnal hypersomnolence presented a sleep apnea syndrome when their respiration was systematically checked during sleep."	3.65	[Can an anomaly of the central nervous system be responsible for hemodynamic disorders]. ( Dement, W; Eldridge, FL; Guilleminault, C, 1975)
"Of 250 patients referred to the Stanford Sleep Disorders Clinic, 35 were diagnosed for a sleep induced apnea syndrome."	3.65	Sleep apnea syndrome. Can it induce hemodynamic changes? ( Dement, WC; Eldridge, FL; Guilleminault, C; Simmon, FB, 1975)
"Apnoea due to airway obstruction is an ever present concern in anaesthesia and critical care practice and results in rapid development of hypoxaemia that is not always remediable by manual bag-mask ventilation."	2.47	Simulating hypoxia and modelling the airway. ( Farmery, AD, 2011)
"Eleven cases of cor pulmonale secondary to tonsil and adenoid hypertrophy and upper airway obstruction were reviewed."	2.37	Cor pulmonale secondary to tonsillar and adenoidal hypertrophy: management considerations. ( Brown, OE; Manning, SC; Ridenour, B, 1988)
"Relief of airway obstruction during apnoea produced a single, passive inhalation (caused by intrathoracic hypobaric pressure) in all cases."	1.56	Effect of oxygen fraction on airway rescue: a computational modelling study. ( Bates, DG; Das, A; Hardman, JG; Laviola, M; Niklas, C, 2020)
"The nature and extent of airway obstruction may not be known in a CICO emergency but an understanding of device differences may help inform optimal ventilation device and method selection."	1.40	Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation in an obstructed airway model in post-apnoeic sheep. ( Berry, M; Marsland, C; Tzeng, Y, 2014)
"A discharge diagnosis of GERD was most common (n = 154, 49%); 138 (89%) were initially well appearing, 10 (6%) had in-hospital events, and only 20 (13%) had upper gastrointestinal series performed."	1.38	Apparent life-threatening event admissions and gastroesophageal reflux disease: the value of hospitalization. ( Bernard-Stover, L; Castillo, E; Doshi, A; Kuelbs, C; Stucky, E, 2012)
"To describe the occurrence of serious bacterial infections (SBIs) in well-appearing, afebrile infants aged 60 days or younger with an apparent life-threatening event (ALTE)."	1.35	Occurrence of serious bacterial infection in infants aged 60 days or younger with an apparent life-threatening event. ( Pitetti, RD; Zomorrodi, A; Zuckerbraun, NS, 2009)
"Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is cited by many to be a common cause of apparent life-threatening events (ALTEs)."	1.34	The use of fundoplication for prevention of apparent life-threatening events. ( Holcomb, GW; Ostlie, DJ; Spilde, TL; St Peter, SD; Tsao, K; Valusek, PA, 2007)
"Munchausen syndrome by proxy is characterised by the invention of a false history and/or the deliberate inducement of a factitious illness by parents in their child."	1.30	Munchausen syndrome by proxy and intra-alveolar haemosiderin. ( Milroy, CM, 1999)
"We conclude that upper airway obstruction contributes considerably to decreases in SpO2 during midazolam sedation for spinal anaesthesia."	1.29	Upper airway obstruction during midazolam sedation: modification by nasal CPAP. ( Isono, S; Nishino, T; Nozaki-Taguchi, N; Numai, T; Taguchi, N, 1995)
"Although macroglossia can be a cause of airway obstruction in infants with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, we have found that airway obstruction during childhood is related to tonsillar and adenoidal hypertrophy and not to macroglossia."	1.29	Head and neck manifestations of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. ( Kenna, MA; Rimell, FL; Shapiro, AM; Shoemaker, DL, 1995)
"Respiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are being recognized with increasing frequency."	1.29	Respiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in pediatric patients. ( Bauman, NM; Sandler, AD; Smith, RJ, 1996)
"Airway obstruction is an important factor predisposing to the development of apnoea in preterm infants."	1.28	Site of upper airway obstruction in preterm infants with problematical apnoea. ( Milner, AD; Ruggins, NR, 1991)
"Twenty-one subjects had bilateral choanal atresia/stenosis; 12 had unilateral choanal atresia/stenosis, and eight who were referred with suspected choanal atresia had a simple inflammatory nasal obstruction."	1.27	Clinical manifestations of choanal atresia in infancy. ( Colarossi, G; Cozzi, F; Madonna, L; Rosati, D; Steiner, M, 1988)
"However, petechiae were not confined to these asphyxial forms of death."	1.26	Circulatory and respiratory factors in the experimental production of lung petechiae and their possible significance in the sudden infant death syndrome. ( Campbell, CJ; Read, DJ, 1980)
"All subjects had severe daytime somnolence, and five of the seven had congestive heart failure."	1.26	Progesterone therapy in obese patients with sleep apnea. ( Imes, NK; Martin, RJ; Orr, WC, 1979)
"Other common causes of upper airway obstruction include edema of the oropharynx and larynx, trauma, foreign body, and infection."	1.26	Management of upper airway obstruction. ( Horton, WC; Linscott, MS, 1979)
"The upper airway obstruction was not immediately apparent as the cause of subsequent clinical events."	1.26	Partial upper airway obstruction and sleep apnoea. ( Thomas, JN, 1978)
"The children also exhibited daytime hypersomnolence."	1.26	Sleep apnea, hypersomnolence, and upper airway obstruction secondary to adenotonsillar enlargement. ( Mangat, D; Orr, WC; Smith, RO, 1977)

Research

Studies (194)

Authors

Clinical Trials (12)

Trial Overview

Trial Outcomes

End-Tidal Carbon Dioxide (ETCO2)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	97 (50.00)	18.7374
1990's	44 (22.68)	18.2507
2000's	24 (12.37)	29.6817
2010's	24 (12.37)	24.3611
2020's	5 (2.58)	2.80

Authors	Studies
Aljabari, S	1
Ohler, A	1
Waheed, S	1
El-Halabi, I	1
Tryon, C	1
Friedman, S	1
Lee, SH	1
Cho, E	1
Park, JH	1
Lee, JY	1
Hong, JH	1
Han, H	1
Wexler, S	1
Prineas, SN	1
Suharto, TA	1
Laviola, M	1
Niklas, C	1
Das, A	1
Bates, DG	1
Hardman, JG	1
Solis-Pazmino, P	1
Kim, GS	1
Lincango-Naranjo, E	1
Prokop, L	1
Ponce, OJ	1
Truong, MT	1
Pathak, S	1
Slovarp, L	1
Clary, MS	1
Jetté, ME	1
Humphreys, S	1
Rosen, D	1
Housden, T	1
Taylor, J	1
Schibler, A	1
Fei, M	1
Blair, JL	1
Rice, MJ	1
Edwards, DA	2
Liang, Y	1
Pilla, MA	1
Shotwell, MS	1
Jiang, Y	1
Mallick, SA	1
Qureshi, TN	1
Varghese, AM	1
Busaidi, MMA	1
Jarasvaraparn, C	1
Gallegos, MBR	1
Mulekar, MS	1
Gremse, DA	1
Crissinger, KD	1
Oelsen, JM	1
Hewett, KM	1
Discolo, CM	1
Jackson, BF	1
Kim, D	1
Lee, EK	1
Jeong, JS	1
Gil, NS	1
Hahm, TS	1
Shin, YH	1
Martin, RJ	6
Wilson, CG	1
Manifold, CA	1
Davids, N	1
Villers, LC	1
Wampler, DA	1
Harbarger, CF	1
Prosser, JD	1
Hughes, CA	1
Borders, JC	1
Tan, TY	1
Kilpatrick, N	1
Farlie, PG	1
Berry, M	1
Tzeng, Y	1
Marsland, C	1
Voscopoulos, CJ	1
MacNabb, CM	1
Freeman, J	1
Galvagno, SM	1
Ladd, D	1
George, E	1
Brockmann V, PE	1
Abara E, S	1
Campos O, C	1
Holmgren P, NL	1
Montes F, S	1
Sepúlveda R, H	1
Zenteno A, D	1
Shaughnessy, EE	1
Towbin, A	1
Prosser, J	1
Steiman, B	1
Watemberg, N	1
Kais, SS	1
Klein, KB	1
Rose, RM	1
Endemann, S	1
Coyle, WJ	1
de Wolf, MW	1
Gottschall, R	1
Preussler, NP	1
Paxian, M	1
Enk, D	1
Liu, A	1
Pichard, L	1
Schneider, H	1
Patil, SP	1
Smith, PL	2
Polotsky, V	1
Schwartz, AR	2
Al-Kindy, HA	1
Gélinas, JF	1
Hatzakis, G	1
Côté, A	1
Zuckerbraun, NS	1
Zomorrodi, A	1
Pitetti, RD	1
Jović, RM	1
Komazec, Z	1
Mitrović, S	1
Dragicević, D	1
Janjević, D	1
Darnall, RA	1
Zagólski, O	1
Farmery, AD	1
Doshi, A	1
Bernard-Stover, L	1
Kuelbs, C	1
Castillo, E	1
Stucky, E	1
Schoemann, MB	1
Burstein, FD	1
Bakthavachalam, S	1
Williams, JK	1
Gries, A	1
Motsch, J	1
Ulmer, HE	1
Springer, W	1
Fortier, PH	1
Reix, P	1
Arsenault, J	1
Dorion, D	1
Praud, JP	1
Sapir, S	1
Shapira, Y	1
Amir, E	1
De Piero, AD	1
Teach, SJ	1
Chamberlain, JM	1
Di Fiore, JM	1
Milner, AD	6
Greenough, A	1
Suh, MW	1
Sung, MW	1
Somerville, NS	1
Mearns, C	1
Chin, C	1
Blaney, S	1
Anderson, D	1
Diaz, MC	1
Stormorken, A	1
Christopher, NC	1
Dewolfe, CC	1
de la Linde, CM	1
López, MI	1
Ortiz, JM	1
Pulido, S	1
Kinane, TB	1
Murphy, J	1
Bass, JL	1
Corwin, MJ	2
Horn, MH	1
Kinnamon, DD	1
Ferraro, N	1
Curley, MA	1
Claudius, I	1
Keens, T	1
Valusek, PA	1
St Peter, SD	1
Tsao, K	1
Spilde, TL	1
Ostlie, DJ	1
Holcomb, GW	1
Boseley, ME	1
Hartnick, CJ	1
Kasow, KA	1
Stocks, RM	1
Kaste, SC	1
Donepudi, S	1
Tottenham, D	1
Schoumacher, RA	1
Horwitz, EM	1
Woodcock, AA	1
Gross, ER	1
Geddes, DM	1
Hermier, M	1
Descos, B	1
Brady, JP	1
Gould, JB	1
Read, DJ	2
Henderson-Smart, DJ	3
Brown, LW	1
Rosenberg, N	1
Fan, LL	1
Gerhardt, T	1
Bancalari, E	1
Patakas, D	1
Kakavelas, H	1
Louridas, G	1
Dransfield, DA	1
Spitzer, AR	2
Fox, WW	2
Jonson, B	1
Ahlström, H	1
Lindroth, M	1
Svenningsen, NW	1
Mathew, OP	4
Roberts, JL	2
Thach, BT	7
Gautier, H	1
Bonora, M	1
Gaudy, JH	1
Boon, AW	1
Saunders, RA	2
Hopkin, IE	2
Glenn, WW	2
Haak, B	1
Sasaki, C	1
Kirchner, J	1
Campbell, CJ	1
White, SG	1
Fletcher, EC	2
Miller, CC	1
Nozaki-Taguchi, N	1
Isono, S	1
Nishino, T	1
Numai, T	1
Taguchi, N	1
Rimell, FL	1
Shapiro, AM	1
Shoemaker, DL	1
Kenna, MA	1
Johnson, P	1
Morley, C	1
Xi, L	1
Chow, CM	1
Smith, CA	1
Dempsey, JA	2
Easdown, LJ	1
Tessler, MJ	1
Minuk, J	1
Joly, LM	1
Benhamou, D	1
Wetmore, RF	1
Alvarez, JE	1
Bodani, J	1
Fajardo, CA	1
Kwiatkowski, K	1
Cates, DB	1
Rigatto, H	1
Orenstein, SR	1
Cohn, JF	1
Shalaby, TM	1
Kartan, R	1
Ruggins, NR	2
Dubreuil, M	1
Laffon, M	1
Plaud, B	1
Penon, C	1
Ecoffey, C	1
Lee, JJ	1
Yau, K	1
Barcroft, J	1
Bauman, NM	1
Sandler, AD	1
Smith, RJ	1
Byard, RW	1
Burnell, RH	1
Boushra, NN	1
Badr, MS	1
Zacharias, M	1
Hunter, KM	1
Parkinson, R	1
Tsugawa, C	1
Nishijima, E	1
Muraji, T	1
Yoshimura, M	1
Tsubota, N	1
Asano, H	1
Snowdon, SL	1
Müller, CM	1
Hartmann, T	1
Marhofer, P	1
Koinig, H	1
Semsroth, M	1
da Silva, O	1
Stevens, D	1
Narkiewicz, K	1
Pesek, CA	1
Kato, M	1
Phillips, BG	1
Davison, DE	1
Somers, VK	1
Milroy, CM	1
Tamura, F	1
Shishikura, J	1
Mukai, Y	1
Kaneko, Y	1
Löfstrand-Tideström, B	1
Thilander, B	1
Ahlqvist-Rastad, J	1
Jakobsson, O	1
Hultcrantz, E	1
Oshima, T	1
Masaki, Y	1
Toyooka, H	1
Stanley, GD	1
Weldon, BC	1
Krafcik, JM	1
Ramanathan, R	1
Hunt, CE	1
Lister, G	1
Tinsley, LR	1
Baird, T	1
Silvestri, JM	1
Crowell, DH	1
Hufford, D	1
Neuman, MR	1
Weese-Mayer, DE	1
Cupples, LA	1
Peucker, M	1
Willinger, M	1
Keens, TG	1
McGrath, NE	1
DeMasi, J	1
DeMasi, M	1
Guntheroth, WG	1
Lugaresi, E	1
Jammes, Y	1
Prefaut, C	1
Delpierre, S	1
Mosse, P	1
Grimaud, C	1
Cozzi, F	4
Felman, AH	1
Loughlin, GM	1
Leftridge, CA	1
Cassisi, NJ	1
Guilleminault, C	5
Strohl, KP	1
Saunders, NA	1
Feldman, NT	1
Hallett, M	1
Orr, WC	5
Imes, NK	3
Rogers, RM	2
Stahl, ML	1
Albani, R	1
Cardi, E	1
Navarro González, J	1
Delgado Moreno, F	1
Aguilar Quero, F	1
Carranza Conde, M	1
Freeman, NS	1
King, RA	1
Plezia, RA	1
Shearer, HT	1
Tonkin, SL	1
Partridge, J	1
Beach, D	1
Whiteney, S	1
Weitzman, ED	3
Sukerman, S	1
Healy, GB	1
Linscott, MS	1
Horton, WC	1
Eldridge, FL	3
Tilkian, A	1
Simmons, FB	2
Dement, WC	3
Clark, RW	1
Schmidt, HS	1
Schaal, SF	1
Boudoulas, H	1
Schuller, DE	1
Smith, RO	2
Conway, WA	1
Bower, GC	1
Barnes, ME	1
Pollak, C	1
Borowiecki, B	3
Burack, B	1
Shprintzen, R	1
Rakoff, S	2
Gee, JB	1
Cole, DR	1
Farmer, WC	1
Shaw, RK	1
Beckman, CB	1
Zwillich, CW	1
Thomas, JN	1
Holinger, PC	1
Holinger, LD	1
Reichert, TJ	1
Holinger, PH	1
Cohn, MA	1
Remmers, JE	1
deGroot, WJ	1
Sauerland, EK	1
Anch, AM	1
Pollak, CP	2
Imperato, J	1
Patterson, CD	1
Kurtz, D	1
Krieger, J	1
Turino, GM	1
Goldring, RM	1
Farber, JP	1
Marlow, TA	1
Smith, TH	1
Baska, RE	1
Francisco, CB	1
McCray, GM	1
Kunz, S	1
Kuban, K	1
Stark, AR	3
Kryger, M	1
Bode, F	1
Antic, R	1
Anthonisen, N	1
Harris, F	1
Smith, CS	1
Kravath, RE	1
Mangat, D	1
Lawson, EE	1
Warburton, D	1
Taeusch, HW	1
Robert, M	1
Gaillard, JM	1
Junod, A	1
Chausse, JM	1
Wyszogrodski, I	1
Milic-Emili, J	2
Steinschneider, A	2
Moffat, DA	1
Rabuzzi, DD	1
Tilkian, AG	1
Schroeder, JS	1
Lehrman, KL	1
Sackner, MA	1
Landa, J	1
Forrest, T	1
Greeneltch, D	1
Dement, W	1
Simmon, FB	1
Shott, SR	1
Cunningham, MJ	1
Upton, CJ	1
Stokes, GM	1
Finer, NN	1
Muzyka, D	1
Berg, RA	1
Lloyd, TR	1
Donnerstein, RL	1
Emery, JL	2
Taylor, EM	1
Carpenter, RG	1
Waite, AJ	1
Jacobi, MS	1
Gershan, WM	1
Barrington, KJ	1
Buckner, PS	1
Barrington, K	1
Finer, N	1
Thoppil, CK	1
Belan, MA	1
Cowen, CP	1
Sivan, Y	1
Ben-Ari, J	1
Schonfeld, TM	1
Gleadhill, IC	1
Schubert, N	1
Wise, RA	1
Permutt, S	1
Kurth, CD	1
LeBard, SE	1
Abraham, NG	1
Stebbens, VA	1
Samuels, MP	1
Southall, DP	2
Jolley, SG	1
Halpern, CT	1
Sterling, CE	1
Feldman, BH	1
Iber, C	1
McArthur, C	1
Stock, MC	1

Trial	Phase	Enrollment	Study Type	Start Date	Status
Transnasal Humidified Rapid-Insufflation Ventilatory Exchange (THRIVE) Use in Pediatric Procedures[NCT03430206]		78 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2018-02-21	Completed
Comparison of Mask Ventilation Techniques in Patients Requiring General Anesthesia[NCT02580526]		104 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2015-09-30	Completed
Non-invasive Tidal Volume Monitoring Using the Linshom Respiratory Monitoring Device[NCT03279458]		40 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-09-08	Completed
Variable Negative External Pressure (vNEP) - An Alternative to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) for the Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): A Pilot Study[NCT04718142]		28 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2020-10-19	Completed
Incidence and Nature of Respiratory Impairment in Consecutive Patients Undergoing Bronchoscopy Under Conscious Sedation: A Pilot Study[NCT03886454]		33 participants (Actual)	Observational	2017-06-19	Completed
Effectiveness and Safety of Continuous Negative External Pressure (cNEP) in Preventing Sedation-Related Respiratory Impairment in Adults Undergoing Colonoscopy[NCT01895062]	Phase 1/Phase 2	54 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2013-03-31	Completed
Nebulized Midazolam, Dexmedetomidine, and Their Combination in Sedation of Preschoolers Undergoing Dental Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial[NCT03827408]	Phase 2	72 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2017-11-27	Completed
Pierre Robin Sequence Outcome Assessment Multi Institutional Study (PROMIS)[NCT02432638]		0 participants (Actual)	Observational [Patient Registry]	2015-04-30	Withdrawn (stopped due to PI left institution prior to enrollment of subjects)
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Assessment of Lansoprazole 30 mg Bid in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Associated With Laryngitis[NCT00369265]	Phase 4	18 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2006-08-31	Terminated (stopped due to Pharmaceutical company purchased by another company and funding was terminated.)
The Effect of Standardizing the Definition and Approach to a Clinically Significant Cardiopulmonary Event in Infants Less Than 30 Weeks on Length of Stay[NCT03414671]		160 participants (Actual)	Observational	2018-06-01	Completed
The Evaluation of the Astral VAPS AutoEPAP Treatment Algorithm[NCT02683772]	Phase 3	42 participants (Actual)	Interventional	2016-04-15	Completed
Feasibility and Safety of Duodenal Feeds in Very Low Birth Weight Infants[NCT04246333]		30 participants (Anticipated)	Interventional	2020-08-07	Recruiting
[information is prepared from clinicaltrials.gov, extracted Sep-2024]

Ventilation was measured with transcutaneous carbon dioxide sensor (NCT03430206)
Timeframe: Duration of surgery (generally less than 2 hours)

Incidence of Adverse Events

Number of Oxygen Desaturation Events <90% or Defined by a 5% Fall From Baseline if Baseline Saturation < 94%.

Intervention	mmHg (Mean)
Standard of Care	51.6
THRIVE	52.8

Intervention	Events (Mean)
Standard of Care	0.183
THRIVE	0.268

Relative incidence of oxygen desaturation as measured by pulse oximetry by second adjusted for post surgical diagnosis (NCT03430206)
Timeframe: Duration of surgery (generally less than 2 hours)

Number of Surgical Interruptions

Intervention	Events (Mean)
Standard of Care	0.536
THRIVE	0.268

Number of surgical interruptions defined by a pause in surgical procedures due to need to intervene, normalized to case length. (NCT03430206)
Timeframe: Duration of surgery (generally less than 2 hours)

Oxygen Desaturation Index

Intervention	Interruptions (Mean)
Standard of Care	0.645
THRIVE	0.302

Oxygen desaturation index is defined as the number of times a patient has a 4% decrease in saturation from a 120 second rolling mean for greater than 10 seconds (NCT03430206)
Timeframe: Duration of surgery (generally less than 2 hours)

Post-surgical Diagnosis

Intervention	Events (Mean)
Standard of Care	1.09
THRIVE	0.312

Location of lesion(s) according to post-surgical diagnosis (NCT03430206)
Timeframe: Duration of surgery (generally less than 2 hours)

Tidal Volume of Each Breath Was Measured Using the Same Breathing Mask CPAP Apparatus Combined With Respiratory Monitoring Device Allowing for Simultaneous Recording.

Intervention	Participants (Count of Participants)
	Supraglottic	Infraglottic	Both Supraglottic and Infraglottic
Standard of Care	2	13	3
THRIVE	10	10	1

Tidal volume measured by CPAP mask with Lishom respiratory monitoring device. Tidal volume determined from the ventilator will be compared to tidal volume measured by Linshom (calculated indirectly by temperature changes by computer algorithm) (NCT03279458)
Timeframe: 5 minutes

RI Events in the cNEP Group Compared to the no cNEP Group, Where RI is Defined as Either: i Oxygen Saturation < 90% or ii. Apneas/Hypopneas of > 15 Sec Duration i. Oxygen Saturation <90% ii. Presence of Apneas or Hypopneas

Intervention	ml (Least Squares Mean)
Linshom	0.94
Maquet Ventilator	0.94

Mean RI events in the no cNEP group was 3.5 compared to 1.92 in the cNEP group (p=0.022) (NCT01895062)
Timeframe: 1 hour

The Frequency of Interventions to Alleviate RI in the cNEP Group Compared to the no cNEP Group.

Intervention	RI events (Mean)
Active cNEP @ -45cmw	1.92
no Intervention	3.5

interventions such as reduction of sedative medication or jaw thrust. (NCT01895062)
Timeframe: 1 hour

Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI)

Intervention	interventions to restore airway (Number)
Active cNEP @ -45cmw	1
no Intervention	0

To assess sleep-breathing parameters between groups using mean AHI (#events/hour) (NCT02683772)
Timeframe: Overnight, up 8 hrs on night 1 and 2

Arterial Carbon Dioxide (PCO2)

Intervention	events per hour (Mean)
iVAPS With AutoEPAP	4.71
iVAPS With Manual EPAP	7.84

To assess Sleep-breathing parameters between groups using mean PCO2 (mmHg) (NCT02683772)
Timeframe: Overnight, up 8 hrs on night 1 and 2

Nadir Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)

Intervention	milimeters of mercury (Mean)
iVAPS With AutoEPAP	45.49
iVAPS With Manual EPAP	45.38

To assess Sleep-breathing parameters between groups using mean SpO2 (%) (NCT02683772)
Timeframe: Overnight, up 8 hrs on night 1 and 2

Oxygen Desaturation Index 4% (ODI4%)

Intervention	percentage of oxygen saturation (Mean)
iVAPS With AutoEPAP	94.24
iVAPS With Manual EPAP	94.53

Mean paired difference AutoEPAP-manual EPAP: Comparison of Oxygen Desaturation Index 4% (ODI4%) values between groups by using mean ODI4% (#events/hour). A cross-over analysis was generated to investigate the influence of a possible period effect on the primary endpoint, paired change in ODI4% between Auto and manual EPAP (NCT02683772)
Timeframe: Overnight, up to 8 hrs on nights 1 and 2

Sleep Efficiency (%)

Intervention	events per hour (Mean)
iVAPS With AutoEPAP	3.16
iVAPS With Manual EPAP	7.61

To assess sleep efficacy between groups by using rapid eye movement sleep (REM) (% of total sleep time) (NCT02683772)
Timeframe: Overnight, up to 8 hrs on nights 1 and 2

Article	Year
Major complications after tongue-tie release: A case report and systematic review. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2020, Volume: 138 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Ankyloglossia; Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant; Lingual Frenum; Postoperative Comp	2020
Laryngeal Chemoreflex in Health and Disease: A Review. Chemical senses, 2020, 12-05, Volume: 45, Issue:9 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Brain Stem; Chemoreceptor Cells; Cough; Humans; Laryngeal Nerves	2020
Apnea of prematurity. Comprehensive Physiology, 2012, Volume: 2, Issue:4 Topics: Afferent Pathways; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bradycardia; Bronchodilator Agents; Carbon Dioxide; Co	2012
Capnography for the nonintubated patient in the emergency setting. The Journal of emergency medicine, 2013, Volume: 45, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Capnography; Emergency Service, Hospital; Humans; Monitoring, Physiologic	2013
Apneic episodes and sternal retractions in an infant. JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery, 2013, Volume: 139, Issue:9 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Biopsy, Needle; Cleft Palate; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunohistochemi	2013
Developmental and genetic perspectives on Pierre Robin sequence. American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics, 2013, Volume: 163C, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cleft Palate; Humans; Intensive Care, Neonatal; Mandible; Phenotype; Pier	2013
Simulating hypoxia and modelling the airway. Anaesthesia, 2011, Volume: 66 Suppl 2 Topics: Airway Management; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Humans; Hypoxia; Intubation, Intratracheal; Models, Bi	2011
[Respiratory emergencies in the pediatric dental clinic: prevention and treatment]. Refu'at ha-peh veha-shinayim (1993), 2003, Volume: 20, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Asthma; Child; Dental Care for Children; Emergencies; Foreign Bodies; Hum	2003
Neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring techniques. Seminars in neonatology : SN, 2004, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bradycardia; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Moni	2004
The role of the upper airway in neonatal apnoea. Seminars in neonatology : SN, 2004, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Electrocardiography; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Laryngoscopy; Larynx; Phary	2004
Apparent life-threatening event: a review. Pediatric clinics of North America, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cyanosis; Diagnosis, Differential; Gagging; Humans; Infant; Medical Histo	2005
[Gastroesophageal reflux and respiratory manifestations]. Pediatrie, 1983, Volume: 38, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchopneumonia; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Gastroesophag	1983
Sudden infant death syndrome: the physician's dilemma. Advances in pediatrics, 1983, Volume: 30 Topics: Age Factors; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Brain Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Growth; Humans; H	1983
Regulation of breathing in the newborn during different behavioral states. Annual review of physiology, 1984, Volume: 46 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; Arousal; Behavior; Behavior, Animal; Cough; Di	1984
Home monitoring of the high-risk infant. Clinics in perinatology, 1984, Volume: 11, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Home Nursing; Humans; Infant; Infant, Ne	1984
Pediatric cardiac arrest. Emergency medicine clinics of North America, 1983, Volume: 1, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Child Abuse; Child, Preschool; Heart Arrest; Humans; Infant; Infan	1983
Effects of acid on the larynx of the maturing rabbit and their possible significance to the sudden infant death syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1993, Volume: 103, Issue:11 Pt 1 Topics: Aging; Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Hydrochloric Aci	1993
Anaesthetic management of patients with sleep apnoea syndrome. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1996, Volume: 43, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, General; An	1996
Effect of ventilatory drive on upper airway patency in humans during NREM sleep. Respiration physiology, 1996, Volume: 103, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Gravitation; Humans; Pharyngeal Muscles; Pharynx; Pulmonary Ventilation;	1996
Sudden infant death syndrome (crib death). American heart journal, 1977, Volume: 93, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Bacterial Infections; Blood; Carbon Dioxide; Child	1977
Diagnosis of obstruction of the upper and central airways. The American journal of medicine, 1976, Volume: 61, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Airway Resistance; Apnea; Bronchiectasis; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Force	1976
The PaCO2 rate of rise in anesthetized patients with airway obstruction. Journal of clinical anesthesia, 1989, Volume: 1, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, General; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Huma	1989
Cor pulmonale secondary to tonsillar and adenoidal hypertrophy: management considerations. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 1988, Volume: 16, Issue:2 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hypertrophy; In	1988
Role of apnea in the sudden infant death syndrome: a personal view. Pediatrics, 1988, Volume: 81, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Humans; Infant; Respiration; Sudden Infant Death	1988
Maintenance of upper airway patency. The Journal of pediatrics, 1985, Volume: 106, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Humans; Infant; Muscles; Pulmonary Ventilation; Respiratory	1985
Clinical problems of disordered respiratory control. The American review of respiratory disease, 1974, Volume: 110, Issue:6 Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Carotid Body; Central Nervous System Diseases; Chemore	1974
Practical pulmonary physiology. A functional analysis of symptoms and therapeutic measures in respiratory disorders of newborn infants. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1973, Volume: 20, Issue:2 Topics: Acid-Base Equilibrium; Airway Obstruction; Airway Resistance; Apnea; Auscultation; Carbon Dioxide; C	1973

Article	Year
Topical Pharyngeal Anesthesia in Sedated Pediatric Patients Undergoing Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2023, 05-01, Volume: 76, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia; Apnea; Benzocaine; Child; Conscious Sedation; Endoscopy, Digestive S	2023
Addressing desaturation in a tracheal stenosis patient using the transnasal humidified rapid-insufflation ventilatory exchange technique during tracheostomy: A case report. Medicine, 2023, Aug-04, Volume: 102, Issue:31 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Female; Humans; Insufflation; Middle Aged; Tr	2023
Transtracheal flow-regulated oxygen insufflation-a simple and safe method for prolonging safe apnoea time in difficult airway management: A report of two cases. Anaesthesia and intensive care, 2019, Volume: 47, Issue:6 Topics: Aged; Airway Management; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cricoid Cartilage; Female; High-Frequency Jet Ve	2019
Effect of oxygen fraction on airway rescue: a computational modelling study. British journal of anaesthesia, 2020, Volume: 125, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Management; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Computer Simulation; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Oxyg	2020
Nasal high-flow oxygen delivery in children with abnormal airways. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Airway Management; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesi	2017
Congenital Vallecular Cyst: ARare and Potentially Lethal Condition. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons--Pakistan : JCPSP, 2017, Volume: 27, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchoscopy; Cyanosis; Cysts; Female; Humans; Infant; Laryngeal Diseases	2017
Short article: The endoscopic and histologic findings of infants who have experienced brief resolved unexplained events. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 2018, Volume: 30, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cyanosis; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Eosinophilia; Female; Gagging; Hum	2018
Congenital Vallecular Cyst as a Cause of Neonatal Stridor and Apnea. Pediatric emergency care, 2018, Volume: 34, Issue:8 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Larynx; Magnetic	2018
Incidence and risk factors of unplanned intubation during pediatric sedation for MRI. Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI, 2019, Volume: 49, Issue:4 Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesiology; Apnea; Bradycardia; Child;	2019
Percutaneous transtracheal ventilation in an obstructed airway model in post-apnoeic sheep. British journal of anaesthesia, 2014, Volume: 113, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Airway Resistance; Animals; Apnea; Barotrauma; Disease Models, Animal; Emergenci	2014
[Consensus on evaluation and management of apparent life-threatening events in infancy (ALTE)]. Revista chilena de pediatria, 2014, Volume: 85, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Emergencies; Hospitalizatio	2014
Neonate with choking. JAMA pediatrics, 2015, Volume: 169, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchoscopy; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Diagnosis, Differential; Eso	2015
Apparent Life-Threatening Events: Patients' Health Status at 5 Years of Age. The Israel Medical Association journal : IMAJ, 2015, Volume: 17, Issue:11 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child, Preschool; Cyanosis; Emergencies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Healt	2015
Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colonoscopy; Deep Sedation; Early Detection of Cancer; Femal	2016
Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colonoscopy; Deep Sedation; Early Detection of Cancer; Femal	2016
Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colonoscopy; Deep Sedation; Early Detection of Cancer; Femal	2016
Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colonoscopy; Deep Sedation; Early Detection of Cancer; Femal	2016
Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colonoscopy; Deep Sedation; Early Detection of Cancer; Femal	2016
Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colonoscopy; Deep Sedation; Early Detection of Cancer; Femal	2016
Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colonoscopy; Deep Sedation; Early Detection of Cancer; Femal	2016
Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colonoscopy; Deep Sedation; Early Detection of Cancer; Femal	2016
Continuous negative external pressure (cNEP) reduces respiratory impairment during screening colonoscopy: a pilot study. Endoscopy, 2016, Volume: 48, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colonoscopy; Deep Sedation; Early Detection of Cancer; Femal	2016
Emergency ventilation with the Ventrain Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 2017, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Management; Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Barotrauma; Catheters; Emergency Medical Serv	2017
Guideline for Monitoring and Management of Pediatric Patients Before, During, and After Sedation for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures: Update 2016. Pediatric dentistry, 2016, Oct-15, Volume: 38, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Management; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Local; Apnea; Capnography;	2016
Neuromechanical control of the isolated upper airway of mice. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2008, Volume: 105, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Compliance; Electromyography; Hyperventilation; Male; Mice; Mice	2008
Risk factors for extreme events in infants hospitalized for apparent life-threatening events. The Journal of pediatrics, 2009, Volume: 154, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Canada; Cohort Studies; Comorbidity; Cyanosis; Female; Gestational Age; H	2009
Occurrence of serious bacterial infection in infants aged 60 days or younger with an apparent life-threatening event. Pediatric emergency care, 2009, Volume: 25, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bacteremia; Bacterial Infections; Bacteriuria; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Comor	2009
Surgical treatment of primary tracheal dyskinesia in a 14-month-old child--case report. Auris, nasus, larynx, 2010, Volume: 37, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchi; Bronchoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Dyskinesias; Dyspnea; Hum	2010
ALTEs: still a puzzle after all these years. The Journal of pediatrics, 2009, Volume: 154, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Canada; Comorbidity; Cyanosis; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, N	2009
Why do palatine tonsils grow back after partial tonsillectomy in children? European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2010, Volume: 267, Issue:10 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adolescent; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool;	2010
Apparent life-threatening event admissions and gastroesophageal reflux disease: the value of hospitalization. Pediatric emergency care, 2012, Volume: 28, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; California; Consciousness Disorders; Cyanosis; Disease Management; Emerge	2012
Immediate mandibular distraction in mandibular hypoplasia and upper airway obstruction. The Journal of craniofacial surgery, 2012, Volume: 23, Issue:7 Suppl 1 Topics: Absorbable Implants; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2; Child, Preschool; Fema	2012
[Emergency from anesthesia in small children. From laryngospasm to prolonged apnea]. Der Anaesthesist, 2003, Volume: 52, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia; Apnea; Butyrylcholinesterase; Child, Preschool; Emergency Medical Se	2003
Active upper airway closure during induced central apneas in lambs is complete at the laryngeal level only. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2003, Volume: 95, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; Arytenoid Cartilage; Capsaicin; Dopamine; Elec	2003
ED evaluation of infants after an apparent life-threatening event. The American journal of emergency medicine, 2004, Volume: 22, Issue:2 Topics: Age Factors; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cyanosis; Emergencies; Emergency Service, Hospital; Female;	2004
Apnea spells in an infant with vallecular cyst. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology, 2004, Volume: 113, Issue:9 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Epiglottis; Female; Humans; Infant; Laryn	2004
Anesthetic management of the complications of previously undiagnosed ingested foreign body in a pediatric patient. Paediatric anaesthesia, 2004, Volume: 14, Issue:12 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Local; Apnea; Atracur	2004
A thyroglossal duct cyst causing apnea and cyanosis in a neonate. Pediatric emergency care, 2005, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cyanosis; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intubation, Intratracheal; Male; Thyro	2005
[Selective intubation through a rigid bronchoscope]. Revista espanola de anestesiologia y reanimacion, 2005, Volume: 52, Issue:8 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, Epidural; Apnea; Bronchoscopes; Cardiopulmonary Bypass; Catheterizat	2005
Smaller mandibular size in infants with a history of an apparent life-threatening event. The Journal of pediatrics, 2006, Volume: 149, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Emergencies; F	2006
Do all infants with apparent life-threatening events need to be admitted? Pediatrics, 2007, Volume: 119, Issue:4 Topics: Age Factors; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; California; Child, Preschool; Critical Illness; Cyanosis; Em	2007
The use of fundoplication for prevention of apparent life-threatening events. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2007, Volume: 42, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Emergencies; Female; Follow-	2007
A useful algorithm for managing the difficult pediatric airway. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 2007, Volume: 71, Issue:8 Topics: Adolescent; Airway Obstruction; Algorithms; Apnea; Down Syndrome; Equipment Design; Female; Humans;	2007
Airway evaluation and management in 7 children with malignant infantile osteopetrosis before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology, 2008, Volume: 30, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cohort Studies; Diagnosis, Differential; Electrocardiography; Female; Fol	2008
Transnasal fiberoptic endoscopy in children with obstructive apnea. Critical care medicine, 1984, Volume: 12, Issue:7 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child, Preschool; Endoscopy; Female; Fiber Optic Technology; Humans; Infa	1984
Apnea of prematurity: II. Respiratory reflexes. Pediatrics, 1984, Volume: 74, Issue:1 Topics: Air Pressure; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Esophagus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Dise	1984
Respiratory chemosensitivity evaluated by respiratory drive and breath holding. Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases, 1980, Volume: 40, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Humans; Lung Volume Measurements; Respiration; Time Facto	1980
Episodic airway obstruction in premature infants. American journal of diseases of children (1960), 1983, Volume: 137, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Bradycardia; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premat	1983
Continuous positive airway pressure: modes of action in relation to clinical applications. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1980, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; Child, Preschool; Humans; Hyaline Membrane	1980
Pharyngeal airway obstruction in preterm infants during mixed and obstructive apnea. The Journal of pediatrics, 1982, Volume: 100, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Catheterization; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Ph	1982
The efficacy of theophylline in premature infants with mixed and obstructive apnea and apnea associated with pulmonary and neurologic disease. The Journal of pediatrics, 1982, Volume: 100, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Humans; Hyaline Membrane Disease; Infant, Newborn; I	1982
Breuer-Hering inflation reflex and breathing pattern in anesthetized humans and cats. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology, 1981, Volume: 51, Issue:5 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia; Animals; Apnea; Cats; Female; Humans; Hypercapnia; Pressure;	1981
Upper airways obstruction and apnoea in preterm babies. Archives of disease in childhood, 1980, Volume: 55, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Esophagus; Functional Residual Capacity; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn;	1980
Characteristics and surgical management of respiratory complications accompanying pathologic lesions of the brain stem. Annals of surgery, 1980, Volume: 191, Issue:6 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Brain Diseases; Brain Stem; Child; Child, Presch	1980
Circulatory and respiratory factors in the experimental production of lung petechiae and their possible significance in the sudden infant death syndrome. Pathology, 1980, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Asphyxia; Hypertension; Hypotension; Lung Diseases; Pulmonary Ed	1980
Acute systemic blood pressure elevation in obstructive and nonobstructive breath hold in primates. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1995, Volume: 79, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Output; Female; Papio; Pressure; Respira	1995
Upper airway obstruction during midazolam sedation: modification by nasal CPAP. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1995, Volume: 42, Issue:8 Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Age Factors; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, Spinal; Apnea; Female; Humans; Hypnotic	1995
Head and neck manifestations of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 1995, Volume: 113, Issue:3 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome; Female; Humans; Inf	1995
Spying on mothers. Lancet (London, England), 1994, Jul-09, Volume: 344, Issue:8915 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Female; Guidelines as Topic; Humans	1994
Effects of REM sleep on the ventilatory response to airway occlusion in the dog. Sleep, 1994, Volume: 17, Issue:8 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Chemoreceptor Cells; Dogs; Female; Hyperventilation; Mechanorece	1994
Upper airway involvement in Parkinson's disease resulting in postoperative respiratory failure. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1995, Volume: 42, Issue:4 Topics: Aged; Airway Obstruction; Antiparkinson Agents; Apnea; Carcinoma; Humans; Male; Parkinson Disease; P	1995
Sighs and their relationship to apnea in the newborn infant. Biology of the neonate, 1993, Volume: 63, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Analysis of Variance; Apnea; Electromyography; Humans; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn;	1993
Reliability and validity of an infant gastroesophageal reflux questionnaire. Clinical pediatrics, 1993, Volume: 32, Issue:8 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Colic; Cyanosis; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Hiccup; Humans; Infant;	1993
Site of upper airway obstruction in infants following an acute life-threatening event. Pediatrics, 1993, Volume: 91, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Disease; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Arytenoid Cartilage; Epiglottis; Female; Humans; Infant; I	1993
Complications and fiberoptic assessment of size 1 laryngeal mask airway. Anesthesia and analgesia, 1993, Volume: 76, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchial Spasm; Child; Child, Preschool; Cough; Evaluation Studies as To	1993
LMA and respiratory arrest after anterior cervical fusion. Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthesie, 1993, Volume: 40, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cervical Vertebrae; Humans; Laryngeal Diseases; Laryngeal Masks; Male; Mi	1993
Respiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease in pediatric patients. The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology, 1996, Volume: 105, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bradycardia; Cough; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Infant; Infa	1996
Apparent life threatening events and infant holding practices. Archives of disease in childhood, 1995, Volume: 73, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Breast Feeding; Female; Heart Arrest; Humans; Infant; Infant Care; Male;	1995
Guidelines for the basic management of the airway and ventilation during resuscitation. A statement by the Airway and Ventilation Management Working Group of the European Resuscitation Council. Resuscitation, 1996, Volume: 31, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Child; Europe; First Aid; Heart Arr	1996
Respiratory effects of intravenous midazolam. The New Zealand dental journal, 1996, Volume: 92, Issue:409 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Int	1996
A shape memory airway stent for tracheobronchomalacia in children: an experimental and clinical study. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1997, Volume: 32, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Alloys; Animals; Apnea; Bronchial Diseases; Bronchoscopes; Bronchoscopy; Child,	1997
End-tidal oxygraphy and safe duration of apnoea in young adults and elderly patients. Anaesthesia, 1997, Volume: 52, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia; Apnea; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal	1997
Sedation and anaesthesia outside the OR. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum, 1997, Volume: 111 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Ambulatory Care; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetic	1997
Complications of airway management in very-low-birth-weight infants. Biology of the neonate, 1999, Volume: 75, Issue:1 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Birth Weight; Bradycardia; Bronchopulmonary Dysp	1999
Baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity and heart rate in obstructive sleep apnea. Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979), 1998, Volume: 32, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Baroreflex; Blood Pressure; Cardiotonic Agents; Heart Rate; Humans; Male;	1998
Munchausen syndrome by proxy and intra-alveolar haemosiderin. International journal of legal medicine, 1999, Volume: 112, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Asphyxia; Biomarkers; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Hemosiderin; Human	1999
Arterial oxygen saturation in severely disabled people: effect of oral feeding in the sitting position. Dysphagia, 1999,Fall, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Blood Circulation; Cerebral Palsy; Cough; Disabled Per	1999
Breathing obstruction in relation to craniofacial and dental arch morphology in 4-year-old children. European journal of orthodontics, 1999, Volume: 21, Issue:4 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Craniomandibu	1999
Complications in IVCS and management. International anesthesiology clinics, 1999,Fall, Volume: 37, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Akathisia, Drug-Induced; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Behavior; Conscious Sedati	1999
Breath-holding-like spells in an infant: an unusual presentation of lingual thyroglossal duct cyst. Journal of pediatric surgery, 2000, Volume: 35, Issue:9 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Pulmonary Edema; Thyrogl	2000
Infants with an Apparent Life-Threatening Event (ALTE): recognizing the symptoms, the seriousness. Journal of emergency nursing, 2002, Volume: 28, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; N	2002
Snoring. Electroencephalography and clinical neurophysiology, 1975, Volume: 39, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Blood Pressure; Electroencephalography; Electromyograp	1975
Relationships between eupnoeic pattern of breathing and ventilatory control in man: I. Response to airways occlusion during active lung inflation. Archives internationales de physiologie et de biochimie, 1976, Volume: 84, Issue:5 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Female; Humans; Inspiratory Capacity; Lung; Mal	1976
Glossoptosis as cause of apnoeic spells in infants with choanal atresia. Lancet (London, England), 1977, Oct-15, Volume: 2, Issue:8042 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nasopharynx; Tongue	1977
Sleep apnoea syndromes. Lancet (London, England), 1979, Jan-06, Volume: 1, Issue:8106 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchitis; Chronic Disease; Humans; Hypoxia; Male; Pulmonary Emphysema;	1979
Upper airway obstruction during sleep in children. AJR. American journal of roentgenology, 1979, Volume: 133, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Child, Preschool; Cineradiography; Disorders of Excessive Somnolen	1979
Obstructive sleep apnea in family members. The New England journal of medicine, 1978, Nov-02, Volume: 299, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Electromyography; Female; Human	1978
Progesterone therapy in obese patients with sleep apnea. Archives of internal medicine, 1979, Volume: 139, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Blood Gas Analysis; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Humans; Mal	1979
Hypersomnolent and nonhypersomnolent patients with upper airway obstruction during sleep. Chest, 1979, Volume: 75, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence;	1979
A common pathophysiology for sudden cot death and sleep apnoea. "The vacuum-glossoptosis syndrome". Medical hypotheses, 1979, Volume: 5, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nasopharyngitis; Nasopharynx; Pul	1979
[Sleep apnea in a child with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (author's transl)]. Anales espanoles de pediatria, 1979, Volume: 12, Issue:5 Topics: Adenoids; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Diagnosis, Differential; Ele	1979
Office emergencies: causes, symptoms, and treatment. Oral health, 1977, Volume: 67, Issue:10 Topics: Adrenocortical Hyperfunction; Airway Obstruction; Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium; Angina Pectoris; Apne	1977
The pharyngeal effect of partial nasal obstruction. Pediatrics, 1979, Volume: 63, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cineradiography; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Ma	1979
The syndrome of hypersomnia and sleep-induced apnea. Chest, 1979, Volume: 75, Issue:4 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence;	1979
Sleep apnea syndrome associated with upper airway obstruction. The Laryngoscope, 1979, Volume: 89, Issue:6 Pt 1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sleep Wake Disorders; Syndrome	1979
Management of upper airway obstruction. Otolaryngologic clinics of North America, 1979, Volume: 12, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchoscopy; Coma; Cricoid Cartilage; Edema; Emergencies; Foreign Bodies	1979
Sleep apnea syndrome due to upper airway obstruction: a review of 25 cases. Archives of internal medicine, 1977, Volume: 137, Issue:3 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Aminophylline; Apnea; Attention; Automatism; Female; Hallucinations	1977
Sleep apnea: treatment with protriptyline. Neurology, 1979, Volume: 29, Issue:9 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pro	1979
Retrognathia and sleep apnea. A life-threatening condition masquerading as narcolepsy. JAMA, 1977, Apr-11, Volume: 237, Issue:15 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Errors; Disorders of Excessive Somnol	1977
Hypersomnolence and intermittent upper airway obstruction. Occurrence caused by micrognathia. JAMA, 1977, Jun-20, Volume: 237, Issue:25 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Diagnostic Errors; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Female; Humans; Mic	1977
The Hypersomnia Sleep-Apnea Syndrome: site and mechanism of upper airway obstruction. Transactions of the American Neurological Association, 1977, Volume: 102 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Humans; Male; Middle Aged	1977
Combined central alveolar hypoventilation and upper airway obstruction. Treatment by tracheostomy and diaphragm pacing. The American journal of medicine, 1978, Volume: 64, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Diaphragm; Electric Stimulation; Femal	1978
Uncovering the mysteries of sleep. Archives of internal medicine, 1978, Volume: 138, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Humans; Male; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sy	1978
Partial upper airway obstruction and sleep apnoea. The Journal of laryngology and otology, 1978, Volume: 92, Issue:1 Topics: Achondroplasia; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Body Height; Female; Humans; Sleep	1978
Respiratory obstruction and apnea in infants with bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis, meningomyelocele, hydrocephalus, and Arnold-Chiari malformation. The Journal of pediatrics, 1978, Volume: 92, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Arnold-Chiari Malformation; Female; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant; Intrac	1978
Sleep apnoea in children. British medical journal, 1978, Jun-10, Volume: 1, Issue:6126 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Humans; Infant; Respiration; Sleep Wake Disorders; Sudden Infant D	1978
Sleep apnea. JAMA, 1978, Jul-07, Volume: 240, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Humans; Sleep; Sleep Wake Disorders	1978
Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology, 1978, Volume: 44, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscles; Obes	1978
Fibro-optic study of pharyngeal airway during sleep in patients with hypersomnia obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome. The Laryngoscope, 1978, Volume: 88, Issue:8 Pt 1 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchoscopy; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Humans; Male; Mid	1978
When to suspect sleep apnea--the "Pickwickian Syndrome". Medical times, 1978, Volume: 106, Issue:7 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Humans; Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome	1978
[Respiratory arrest during sleep. Facts and hypothyses]. Revue neurologique, 1978, Volume: 134, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Electrooculo	1978
Sleeping and breathing. The New England journal of medicine, 1978, Nov-02, Volume: 299, Issue:18 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Central Nervous System; Electromyography; Humans; Infant; Infant,	1978
An obstructive apnea in the suckling opossum. Respiration physiology, 1978, Volume: 34, Issue:3 Topics: Age Factors; Airway Obstruction; Animal Population Groups; Animals; Animals, Suckling; Apnea; Carbon	1978
Sleep apnea syndrome: diagnosis of upper airway obstruction by fluoroscopy. The Journal of pediatrics, 1978, Volume: 93, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Fluoroscopy; Humans; Male; Sleep Wake Disorders; Syndrome	1978
Recurrent hypersomnia secondary to sleep apnea. Archives of neurology, 1978, Volume: 35, Issue:11 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Humans; Obesity; Obesity Hypoventilati	1978
Familial obstructive sleep apnea. The New England journal of medicine, 1979, Mar-01, Volume: 300, Issue:9 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Humans; Male; Sleep Wake Disorders; Syndrome	1979
Spontaneous neck flexion and airway obstruction during apneic spells in preterm infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1979, Volume: 94, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Male; Muscles; Neck	1979
Clinical note. More on apnea resulting from obstruction of nares by an eye shield. The Journal of pediatrics, 1977, Volume: 90, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Eye Protective Devices; Humans; Protective Devices	1977
Hypoventilation during sleep in children who have lymphoid airway obstruction treated by nasopharyngeal tube and T and A. Pediatrics, 1977, Volume: 59, Issue:6 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Hypoventila	1977
Apnoea induced by airflow obstruction. Archives of disease in childhood, 1977, Volume: 52, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Respiration; Sudden Infant De	1977
Sleep apnea, hypersomnolence, and upper airway obstruction secondary to adenotonsillar enlargement. Archives of otolaryngology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960), 1977, Volume: 103, Issue:7 Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child, Preschool; Disorders of Excessive Somnole	1977
Respiratory patterns during progressive asphyxia in newborn rabbits. Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology, 1977, Volume: 43, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; Asphyxia; Decerebrate State; Functional Residu	1977
Apnea monitor failure in infants with upper airway obstruction. Pediatrics, 1977, Volume: 60, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Monitoring, Physiolog	1977
[Hypersomnia with periodic apnea in a patient with acquired micrognathism]. Schweizerische medizinische Wochenschrift, 1977, Dec-10, Volume: 107, Issue:49 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Disorders of Excessive Somnolence; Humans; Male; Micrognathism; Middle Ag	1977
Effect of ether on control of rate and depth of breathing in newborn rabbits. Journal of applied physiology, 1976, Volume: 40, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; Depression, Chemical; Ether; Ethyl Ethers; Int	1976
A reexamination of "the apnea monitor business". Pediatrics, 1976, Volume: 58, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Heart Rate; Home Nursing; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Monitoring, Ph	1976
Letter: Postural apnea due to large tonsils and adenoids. The Journal of pediatrics, 1976, Volume: 89, Issue:3 Topics: Adenoids; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Hypertrophy; Palatine Tonsil;	1976
Apnea and airway obstruction during feeding and sleep. The Laryngoscope, 1976, Volume: 86, Issue:9 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bottle Feeding; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Respiration; Sleep; Sudd	1976
Mechanisms of airway obstruction leading to apnea in newborn infants. The Journal of pediatrics, 1976, Volume: 89, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Equipment and Supplies; Esophagus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newbo	1976
Hemodynamics in sleep-induced apnea. Studies during wakefulness and sleep. Annals of internal medicine, 1976, Volume: 85, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Blood Gas Analysis; Cardiac Catheterization; Hemodynamics; Humans;	1976
Periodic sleep apnea: chronic sleep deprivation related to intermittent upper airway obstruction and central nervous system disturbance. Chest, 1975, Volume: 67, Issue:2 Topics: Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Brain; Depression; Electroencephalography; Female; Hostility	1975
[Can an anomaly of the central nervous system be responsible for hemodynamic disorders]. La Nouvelle presse medicale, 1975, May-03, Volume: 4, Issue:18 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood	1975
Sleep apnea syndrome. Can it induce hemodynamic changes? The Western journal of medicine, 1975, Volume: 123, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Child; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Respiratory Functi	1975
Apnea and the elongated uvula. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 1992, Volume: 24, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Laryngismus; Male; Respiration D	1992
Response to external obstruction in preterm infants with apnea. Pediatric pulmonology, 1992, Volume: 14, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Prema	1992
Flexible endoscopic intubation of the neonate. Pediatric pulmonology, 1992, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchoscopes; Elasticity; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant, Low Birth Weigh	1992
Accuracy of central venous pressure monitoring in the intraabdominal inferior vena cava: a canine study. The Journal of pediatrics, 1992, Volume: 120, Issue:1 Topics: Abdomen; Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Blood Pressure Monitors; Blood Volume; Central Venous P	1992
Apnea monitors and accidental strangulation. BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 1992, Jan-11, Volume: 304, Issue:6819 Topics: Accidents; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Humans; Infant; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic	1992
Mechanism of failure of recovery from hypoxic apnea by gasping in 17- to 23-day-old mice. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1991, Volume: 71, Issue:3 Topics: Aging; Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Hypoxia; Mice; Mice, Inb	1991
Tracheal occlusion in the newborn piglet. Effects of sleep state and occlusion timing on arousal and respiratory responses. Journal of developmental physiology, 1991, Volume: 16, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apnea; Arousal; Electroencephalography; Electromyogra	1991
The natural history of the appearance of apnea of prematurity. Pediatric research, 1991, Volume: 29, Issue:4 Pt 1 Topics: Age Factors; Airway Obstruction; Airway Resistance; Apnea; Bradycardia; Chemoreceptor Cells; Humans;	1991
Site of upper airway obstruction in preterm infants with problematical apnoea. Archives of disease in childhood, 1991, Volume: 66, Issue:7 Spec No Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Electrocardiography; Fiber Optic Technology; Heart; Humans; Infant, Newbo	1991
Behavioral arousal in newborn infants and its association with termination of apnea. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1991, Volume: 70, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Arousal; Humans; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature	1991
Laryngomalacia: a cause for early near miss for SIDS. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 1991, Volume: 21, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Laryngeal Diseases; Recurrence; Sleep Ap	1991
Upper airway collapsibility in snorers and in patients with obstructive hypopnea and apnea. The American review of respiratory disease, 1991, Volume: 143, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Humans; Nasal Cavity; Pulmonary Ventilation; Respiration Disorders; Respi	1991
Association of postoperative apnea, airway obstruction, and hypoxemia in former premature infants. Anesthesiology, 1991, Volume: 75, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Apnea; Atropine; Halothane; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant,	1991
Investigation of cyanotic/apneic episodes and sleep-related upper airway obstruction by long-term non-invasive bedside recordings. Pediatric pulmonology, 1990, Volume: 8, Issue:4 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Child, Preschool; Cyanosis; Electro	1990
The relationship of respiratory complications from gastroesophageal reflux to prematurity in infants. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1990, Volume: 25, Issue:7 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia; Esophagus; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; H	1990
Awake inspiratory airway occlusion in normal humans is followed by hyperpnea and hypocapnia. Respiration physiology, 1989, Volume: 75, Issue:3 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Carbon Dioxide; Humans; Respiration; Wakefulness	1989
Central venous O2 saturation and rate of arterial desaturation during obstructive apnea. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1989, Volume: 66, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Arteries; Cardiac Output; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Oxyg	1989
Use of capnography and transcutaneous oxygen monitoring during outpatient general anesthesia for oral surgery. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, 1987, Volume: 45, Issue:1 Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, General; Apnea; Blood Gas Mon	1987
Clinical manifestations of choanal atresia in infancy. Journal of pediatric surgery, 1988, Volume: 23, Issue:3 Topics: Aging; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Child, Preschool; Choanal Atres	1988
Genioglossus response to airway occlusion in apneic versus nonapneic infants. Pediatric research, 1987, Volume: 22, Issue:6 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Electromyography; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Respiratory	1987
Airway obstruction by vascular anomalies. Importance of telescopic bronchoscopy. Annals of surgery, 1987, Volume: 205, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Aorta, Thoracic; Apnea; Brachiocephalic Trunk; Bronchoscopy; Child; Child, Presc	1987
Effect of hypoxia-induced periodic breathing on upper airway obstruction during sleep. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1987, Volume: 62, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Electromyography; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Male; Respiration; Slee	1987
Upper airway stability and apnea during nasal occlusion in newborn infants. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1986, Volume: 60, Issue:5 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nose; Respiration; Sleep,	1986
Bronchiolitis. Pediatric annals, 1986, Volume: 15, Issue:4 Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Airway Obstruction; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Apnea; Bronchiolitis, Vir	1986
Infant apnea. Pediatric clinics of North America, 1986, Volume: 33, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bradycardia; Caffeine; Cardiography, Impedance; Home Nursing; Humans; Inf	1986
Relation between apnoea duration and type and neurological status of preterm infants. Archives of disease in childhood, 1985, Volume: 60, Issue:10 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Cerebral Hemorrhage; Female; Humans; Hydrocephalus; Infant, Newborn; Infa	1985
Upper airway resistances in fetal sheep: the influence of breathing activity. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 1986, Volume: 60, Issue:1 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Airway Resistance; Animals; Apnea; Female; Fetus; Larynx; Movement; Paralysis; P	1986
Naturally occurring nasal obstructions in 11 sheep. The Cornell veterinarian, 1985, Volume: 75, Issue:2 Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Nasal Polyps; Nose Neoplasms; Sheep; Sheep Disea	1985
Glossoptosis-apnea syndrome in infancy. Pediatrics, 1985, Volume: 75, Issue:5 Topics: Age Factors; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lung; Male; Microgn	1985
Child abuse manifested as factitious apnea. Southern medical journal, 1985, Volume: 78, Issue:8 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Child Abuse; Cricetinae; Humans; Infant; Male	1985
Clinical observations on response to nasal occlusion in infancy. Archives of disease in childhood, 1973, Volume: 48, Issue:12 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Death, Sudden; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nose; Reflex; Respiration	1973
Delivery room management of the distressed infant. American family physician, 1972, Volume: 6, Issue:3 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Apgar Score; Apnea; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Bicarbonates; Delivery, Obstetric; Gluc	1972
Occurrence of a deep breath after a period of airway oclusion. Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology, 1971, Volume: 327, Issue:2 Topics: Airway Obstruction; Animals; Apnea; Lung Compliance; Pulmonary Circulation; Rabbits; Reflex; Respira	1971
Interpretation of aerosol recovery curves following inhalation of monodispersed particles. The Journal of physiology, 1971, Volume: 213, Issue:2 Topics: Aerosols; Airway Obstruction; Apnea; Bronchi; Humans; Respiration	1971

apnea and Airway Obstruction