apigenin and Diabetes-Mellitus

Chamomile, as a rich source of phenolic compounds and terpenoids, seems to be an effective approach in the management of chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate evidence from animal and human studies of the effects of chamomile on metabolic risk markers and complications of diabetes mellitus. The literature search was conducted in PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, ProQuest and Google Scholar electronic and were considered the articles published on April 2019. Original studies that investigated the effect of chamomile in diabetes mellitus which met the inclusion criteria were eligible. After screening 208 citations, 15 studies were included. The results of these studies demonstrated a significant effect of chamomile administration on metabolic profiles. All 12 studies that examined the impact of chamomile supplementation on glycemic control indicated this feature. Four of the five studies appraising the impact of chamomile on lipid profiles showed that it improved dyslipidemia. Six studies showed that chamomile markedly decreased oxidative stress particularly malondialdehyde. Altogether, four chamomile studies evaluating diabetes complications, including renal and hepatic profiles, found significant decreases compared to controls. These findings extend the novel functions of chamomile in the improvement of glycemic and lipid profiles and oxidative stress indicators in diabetes mellitus and related complications. In-depth studies focusing on underlying mechanisms are warranted to make useful conclusions.

Topics: Animals; Chamomile; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations

α-Glucosidase (AG) play crucial roles in the digestion of carbohydrates. Inhibitors of α-glucosidase (AGIs) are promising candidates for the development of anti-diabetic drugs. Here, five series of apigenin and chrysin nitric oxide (NO)-donating derivatives were synthesised and evaluated for their AG inhibitory activity and NO releasing capacity in vitro. Except for 9a-c, twelve compounds showed remarkable inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, with potency being better than that of acarbose and 1-deoxynojirimycin. All organic nitrate derivatives released low concentrations of NO in the presence of l-cysteine. Structure activity relationship studies indicated that 5-OH, hydrophobic coupling chain, and carbonyl groups of the coupling chain could enhance the inhibitory activity. Apigenin and chrysin derivatives therefore represents a new class of promising compounds that can inhibit α-glucosidase activity and supply moderate NO for preventing the development of diabetic complications.

Topics: alpha-Glucosidases; Apigenin; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Flavonoids; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Molecular Structure; Nitric Oxide; Structure-Activity Relationship

A combination of extracts from chamomile, silverweed, licorice, angelica, blessed thistle and wormwood, Gastritol(®) Liquid, is registered for the use of indigestion and gastrointestinal spasmodic complaints. To gain data on the experience in practice, a non-interventional open study was conducted in ambulatory patients including diabetics which were treated for 2 weeks. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by medical examination and evaluation of typical symptoms by patients. A total of 149 patients was enrolled, 90 without and 59 with diabetes. The treatment led to relevant improvements in all symptoms in both study groups. The most notable improvements were seen for the symptoms vomiting (-66.7%; diabetics: -63.9%) and retching (-52.2%; diabetics: -53.6%). An overall improvement was rated by about 90% in both study groups. In seven patients adverse events had been reported (5 times temporary nausea after intake, one time gastric spasm and one time oral burning sensation), all of them of mild nature. The global tolerability was assessed as good or very good in more than 80% by practitioners and patients. Under the conditions of this open study method Gastritol(®) Liquid had been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of mild gastrointestinal disorders, including diabetic patients.

Topics: Adult; Angelica; Artemisia; Chamomile; Cnicus; Diabetes Mellitus; Dyspepsia; Female; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Potentilla; Prospective Studies

Cirsium japonicum var. australe, used as a folk medicine in Taiwan, has been employed traditionally in the treatment of diabetes and inflammatory symptoms. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of its ethanolic extract, utilizing centrifugal partition chromatography monitored by DPPH-TLC analysis, led to the isolation of three new acetylenic phenylacrylic acid esters (1-3) and two new polyacetylenes (4 and 5), together with seven known compounds (6-12). The structures of 1-5 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR techniques. The absolute configurations of 4 and 7 were determined utilizing Mosher's method and ECD/CD experiments. The DPPH scavenging activity of the constituents isolated from the C. japonicum var. australe ethanolic extract was evaluated. The potential antidiabetic activity of some of the isolates was evaluated using in vitro cellular glucose uptake and oil red staining assays.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Azo Compounds; Biphenyl Compounds; Cirsium; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose; Medicine, Traditional; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Picrates; Polyynes; Taiwan

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effcacy of commercially available herbal toothpastes against the different periodontopathogens.. Six herbal toothpastes that were commonly commercially available were included in the study. Colgate herbal, Babool, Meswak, Neem active, Dabur red toothpastes were tested for the study whereas sterile normal saline was used as control. Antimicrobial effcacies of dentifrices were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The antimicrobial properties of dentifrices were tested by measuring the maximum zone of inhibition at 24 hours on the Mueller Hinton Agar media inoculated with microbial strain using disk diffusion method. Each dentifrice was tested at 100% concentration (full strength).. The study showed that all dentifrices selected for the study were effective against the entire test organism but to varying degree. Neem active tooth paste gave a reading of 25.4 mm as the zone of inhibition which was highest amongst all of the test dentifrices. Colgate Herbal and Meswak dentifrices recorded a larger maximum zone of inhibition, measuring 23 and 22.6 mm respectively, compared to other toothpastes. All other dentifrices showed the zone of inhibition to be between 17 and 19 mm respectively.. The antibacterial properties of six dentifrices were studied in vitro and concluded that almost all of the dentifrices available commercially had antibacterial properties to some extent to beneft dental health or antiplaque action.

Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azadirachta; Bacteriological Techniques; Chamomile; Clove Oil; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Materials Testing; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Oils; Salvadoraceae; Salvia officinalis; Streptococcus mutans; Toothpastes