apelin-13-peptide and Insulin-Resistance

There is no clear information about the level of Apelin-13 in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we investigated whether there is a relationship between Apelin-13 level and the severity of the disease in patients with DN.. In our case-control study, we included patients who applied to the endocrinology outpatient clinic in 2019. Patients without a history of diabetes were determined as the healthy group (group 1). The patients were divided into 4 groups according to their microalbumin and creatinine levels. Venous blood samples were obtained from all patients for routine laboratory parameters and Apelin-13 levels. Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) for insulin resistance was calculated using the formula: plasma glucose X insulin level/405.. Albumin was found to be significantly lower in group 5 (p = 0.032), hemoglobin A1c, microalbumin/creatinine and HOMA-IR values were found to be significantly lower in group 1 (p < 0.001 for each). Apelin-13 level was found to be significantly higher in group 4 and group 5 (p < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between Apelin-13 and GFR (r = - 0.286, p = 0.003). A positive correlation was found between Apelin-13 and HOMA-IR (r = 0.309, p = 0.009) and microalbumin/creatinine (r = 0.296, p < 0.001).. In patients with DN, Apelin-13 level increases with the severity of the disease and can be used as a biomarker for staging of DN.

Topics: Case-Control Studies; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Humans; Insulin Resistance

The apelin receptor (Aplnr) and its ligands, Apelin and Apela, contribute to metabolic control. The insulin resistance associated with pregnancy is accommodated by an expansion of pancreatic β-cell mass (BCM) and increased insulin secretion, involving the proliferation of insulin-expressing, glucose transporter 2-low (Ins

Topics: Animals; Apelin; Apelin Receptors; Cell Proliferation; Cell Separation; Female; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Profiling; Glucose Intolerance; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Interleukin-6; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Pancreas; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal

To investigate the chronic effects of twice-daily administration of stable apelin analogues, apelin-13 amide and pyroglutamyl (pGlu) apelin-13 amide, on metabolic variables in glucose-intolerant and insulin-resistant diet-induced obese mice fed a high-fat diet for 150 days.. Groups of mice received twice-daily (9 am and 5 pm) injections of saline vehicle, apelin-13 amide, (pGlu)apelin-13 amide or exendin-4(1-39) for 28 days (all at 25 nmol/kg). Energy intake, body weight, non-fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucose tolerance, metabolic response to feeding and insulin sensitivity, together with pancreatic hormone content and biochemical variables such as lipids and total GLP-1 were monitored. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analysis and indirect calorimetry were also performed.. Administration of apelin-13 amide, (pGlu)apelin-13 amide or exendin-4 significantly decreased body weight, food intake and blood glucose and increased plasma insulin compared with high-fat-fed saline-treated controls (P < .05 and P < .001), Additionally, all peptide-treated groups exhibited improved glucose tolerance (oral and intraperitoneal), metabolic responses to feeding and associated insulin secretion. (pGlu)apelin-13 amide also significantly improved glycated haemoglobin and insulin sensitivity after 28 days. Both (pGlu)apelin-13 amide and exendin-4 increased bone mineral content and decreased respiratory exchange ratio, whereas only (pGlu)apelin-13 amide increased energy expenditure. All treatment groups displayed reduced circulating triglycerides and increased glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations, although only (pGlu)apelin-13 amide significantly reduced LDL cholesterol and total body fat, and increased pancreatic insulin content.. These data indicate the therapeutic potential of stable apelin-13 analogues, with effects equivalent to or better than those of exendin-4.

Topics: Adiposity; Amides; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Drug Stability; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Exenatide; Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Resistance; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Mice; Obesity; Weight Loss