apalcillin and Bacterial-Infections

The in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin were compared with those of other third-generation cephalosporins and extended-spectrum penicillins against over 1,000 clinical bacterial isolates. The activity of cefpiramide against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to those of piperacillin and cefoperazone, inhibiting 90% of strains at concentrations less than or equal to 16.0 micrograms/ml. This drug was also active against a broad range of gram-negative organisms but was generally less active than many of the other cephalosporins tested against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The activity of cefpiramide against gram-positive organisms was comparable to that of cefoperazone. Apalcillin, along with ceftazidime, was the most active agent tested against P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus, inhibiting 90% of these strains at concentrations less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. Against other gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, its activity was similar to that of piperacillin. The activities of both cefpiramide and apalcillin were significantly reduced by the presence of several plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases in a series of otherwise isogenic strains of P. aeruginosa in comparison with their activities against a parent strain which lacks these enzymes. Many strains of Enterobacter cloacae were synergistically inhibited by the combination of gentamicin with either cefpiramide (5 of 10 strains) or apalcillin (6 of 10 strains). Most strains of P. aeruginosa were synergistically inhibited by the combination of gentamicin with either cefpiramide (8 of 10 strains) or apalcillin (10 of 10 strains). However, cefoxitin antagonized the activity of both cefpiramide and apalcillin against most of these same strains.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Cephalosporins; Drug Synergism; Enterobacteriaceae; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Naphthyridines; Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Quantitative susceptibility tests were performed in four separate medical centers, in which apalcillin was compared with piperacillin and carbenicillin. Data from tests of 6,797 isolates confirmed that apalcillin and piperacillin had nearly identical spectra of activity but that apalcillin was significantly more active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC required to inhibit 90% of strains, 2.0 versus 64 micrograms/ml) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus (MIC required to inhibit 90% of strains, 2.0 versus 16 micrograms/ml). Against 166 anaerobic bacterial isolates, apalcillin demonstrated in vitro activity.

Topics: Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Carbenicillin; Enterobacteriaceae; Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria; Humans; Naphthyridines; Piperacillin; Pseudomonas; Streptococcus

Piperacillin, a new injectable synthetic penicillin, was evaluated against biliary tract infections. 1. Two grams of piperacillin was intravenously administered to patients received cholecystectomy. The mean level in gallbladder bile of PIPC was 795.6 microgram/ml except for 3 cases in obstruction of the cystic duct. The mean gallbladder tissue level was 31.2 microgram/g. The gallbladder tissue level in the cases with obstruction of the cystic duct was high levels as 71.3 microgram/g and 79.5 microgram/g. 2. The excretion of PIPC into bile was compared with TIPC and APPC using crossover method. When administered 2 g of PIPC, the peak biliary levels were 950 microgram/ml to 2,120 microgram/ml at 2 hours and 20 minutes to 2 hours and 40 minutes after the administration, and biliary recoveries during 6 hours were 2.84% to 11.6%. The peak levels and biliary recoveries were lower after administration of TIPC 2 g. Mn and Zn were excreted enormously together with APPC into human bile. 3. The influence on clinical laboratory findings was negligible. Therefore, PIPC may be expected to show excellent effects of biliary tract infections except rare occurrence of drug eruption.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Bacterial Infections; Bile; Biliary Tract Diseases; Female; Gallbladder; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Naphthyridines; Penicillins; Piperacillin; Ticarcillin; Trace Elements