antroquinonol-d and Inflammation

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Antioxidants; Antrodia; Arginine; Arterioles; Biological Products; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Disease Models, Animal; Hypertension; Inflammation; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Malondialdehyde; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Wistar; Ubiquinone

Oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis are involved in the development and progression of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), a common form of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome that represents a therapeutic challenge because it has a poor response to steroids. Antroquinonol (Antroq), a purified compound, is a major active component of a mushroom, namely Antrodia camphorata, that grows in the camphor tree in Taiwan, and it has inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and inflammatory reactions. We hypothesized that Antroq might ameliorate FSGS renal lesions by modulating the pathogenic pathways of oxidative stress, inflammation, and glomerular sclerosis in the kidney. We demonstrate that Antroq significantly (1) attenuates proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and glomerulopathy, including epithelial hyperplasia lesions and podocyte injury; (2) reduces oxidative stress, leukocyte infiltration, and expression of fibrosis-related proteins in the kidney; (3) increases renal nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and glutathione peroxidase activity; and (4) inhibits renal nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and decreases levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in serum and kidney tissue in a mouse FSGS model. Our data suggest that Antroq might be a potential therapeutic agent for FSGS, acting by boosting Nrf2 activation and suppressing NF-κB-dependent inflammatory and TGF-β1-mediated fibrosis pathways in the kidney.

Topics: Animals; Antrodia; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Focal Epithelial Hyperplasia; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental; Humans; Inflammation; Kidney; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Sclerosis; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Ubiquinone