antimony-sodium-gluconate and AIDS-Related-Opportunistic-Infections

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Phosphorylcholine; Treatment Outcome

Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Meglumine; Meglumine Antimoniate; Organometallic Compounds

Leishmanial infections include three major clinical syndromes: visceral, cutaneous, and mucosal leishmaniasis. Visceral leishmaniasis, usually due to Leishmania donovani, has received increasing attention in the United States because of the growing number of cases seen in AIDS patients and the occurrence of viscerotropic L. tropica disease among Persian Gulf war participants. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a relatively benign disease caused by L. Mexicana and L. (Viannia) species in the New World, and L. major, L. tropica, and L. aethiopica in the Old World. Many of these cutaneous lesions are self-healing, and treatment recommendations vary and continue to undergo evolution and study. Mucosal disease, caused by Leishmania (V.) braziliensis, is difficult to diagnose as well as to treat. A practical approach to the clinical presentation, diagnostic measures, and some treatment options of these syndromes is presented in relation to specific case studies.

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Male; Meglumine; Meglumine Antimoniate; Organometallic Compounds; Protozoan Vaccines; Vaccination

Leishmaniasis is an endemic Andean vector-borne- tropical disease in Peru, whose mucocutaneous clinical presentation is rare. Leishmaniasis can occur in co-infections with HTLV-1 virus and HIV. We describe a case of L. mucocutaneous in a patient infected with HIV, with a history of cutaneous leishmaniasis with inadequate treatment 20 years ago. He was treated with stibogluconate with adequate response to treatment and regression of lesion after 4 weeks. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection is rare and its clinical presentation may be atypically. It is important to consider it in patients coming from endemic areas and with a history of a previous cutaneous clinical presentation.

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Humans; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Male

25 years old HIV-positive farmer on Anti-retroviral therapy from North Ethiopia with PKDL occurring as IRIS is reported. He developed popular and nodular lesions on the face, chest and arms (Grade II severe PKDL) one month after anti-retroviral therapy initiation, who had history of therapy for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) one year back. PKDL manifesting as IRIS after ART initiation in previously treated case for VL was among the few reported case in the world. The case is presented and discussed with the few available review literatures.

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Anti-HIV Agents; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome; Leishmaniasis; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; India; Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous; Male; Rifampin

Sixty-six laboratory confirmed cases of Kala-azar from Uttar Pradesh attending various hospitals of Delhi over a period of 10 years (1989-1999) have been analysed. The geographical distribution showed that the disease involved widespread areas varying from a height of 10,000 ft. extending up-to the plains. Male, female ratio was 2:1 and maximum patients were in the age group of 5-15 years. L.D. bodies could be demonstrated in 59 patients in bone marrow aspirate smears while in 7 in splenic aspirate smears. One patient was co-infected with HIV. Indirect immuno fluorescent test was positive in 65 patients in titres ranging from 1:100 to 1:25,600 except in one HIV co-infected patient where no antibodies could be detected. Sixty-two (93.9%) patients responded completely to sodium stibogluoconate.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; India; Leishmania donovani; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Middle Aged

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antimony; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Bone Marrow Cells; Erythroid Precursor Cells; Humans; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male

Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Eye Infections, Parasitic; Humans; Leishmania braziliensis; Leishmaniasis, Mucocutaneous; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Optic Nerve Diseases; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Sinusitis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Visual Acuity

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Female; Humans; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis is an adverse effect of the treatment with antimonial drugs which is infrequently described in patients with HIV infection and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Twenty-two percent of the patients having this treatment had acute pancreatitis (7 cases) in the authors' center. In all the cases, severe immunosuppression was present with pancreatitis appearing following the administration of 3,400 to 15,300 mg of stibogluconate. The pancreatitis was slight in the 7 cases with no complications of note and with no symptoms observed in three cases. The maximum values of amylasemia ranged from 976 to 2,568 U/l, from 1,055 to 5,860 U/l for lipasemia, and from 1,970 to 25,520 U/l for trypsinemia. These values returned to normal from 15 days to 2 months after suppression of the drug. Stibogluconate was readministered in three patients due to VL recurrence with a further acute pancreatitis being observed. The authors conclude that acute pancreatitis is a relatively infrequent complication of antimonial treatment for VL in patients with HIV infection and believe that a maximum dose of 850 mg/day should not be surpassed.

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Antiprotozoal Agents; Clinical Enzyme Tests; Female; HIV-1; Humans; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Meglumine; Meglumine Antimoniate; Organometallic Compounds; Pancreatitis; Recurrence

Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amylases; Animals; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Humans; Leishmania infantum; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Necrosis; Pancreas; Pancreatitis

We report the case of a 30-years old HIV-infected woman who suffered from recurrent fever up to 41 degrees C, loss of appetite, loss of 8 kg body weight and swelling of the cervical and inguinal lymph nodes. The diagnostic work-up revealed infection with leishmania in gastric and duodenal biopsies. The parasites were also found in the inguinal lymph nodes and in the bone marrow of the patient. According to patient's history the infection was acquired on a holiday in southern spain. The patient was treated with pentavalent antimony in combination with interferon gamma. Visceral leishmaniosis in immuno-suppressed patients is discussed and therapeutic approaches are described.

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Biopsy; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Gastric Mucosa; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Intestinal Mucosa; Leishmaniasis, Visceral

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Antimony Sodium Gluconate; Humans; Immunocompetence; Leishmaniasis; Male; Pancreatitis