antimony-potassium-tartrate and Schistosomiasis

The effects of praziquantel on cellular and humoral immune responses were studied in Swiss Albino mice and compared with the effects of potassium antimony tartrate. The experimental animals were antigenically primed by intravenous injection of Schistosoma mansoni eggs; the test drugs were given one day before egg injection and their effects monitored 16 days later. The size of the experimentally-induced pulmonary granulomata, immediate and delayed antigen-induced foot pad swelling, in vitro macrophage migration inhibition and the percentage of lymphocytes forming antibody and complement-dependent rosettes with erythrocytes (% EAC-R) were parameters used to assess the effect of the drugs. Praziquantel suppressed the size of pulmonary granulomata and the immediate and delayed foot pad reaction. Macrophage migration inhibition and the percentage of lymphocytes forming EAC-rosettes were not significantly affected. Tartar emetic was more effective as an immunosuppressant drug in these tests than praziquantel.

Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Cell Migration Inhibition; Granuloma; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Isoquinolines; Lung Diseases; Lymphocytes; Macrophages; Mice; Praziquantel; Rosette Formation; Schistosomiasis

Effective treatment of mice with six to eight week-old patent S. mansoni infections with any one of five schistosomicidal agents (Oxamniquine, Praziquantel, potassium antimony tartrate, Niridazole and Hycanthone) resulted in a reduction in the degree of resistance to homologous challenge in the treated animals when compared with the level of resistance to reinfection observed in untreated mice with intact primary infections. Mice challenged five to six weeks after treatment with Praziquantel, Niridazole or Hycanthone demonstrated a lower level of resistance than mice challenged within 10 days of the termination of the chemotherapeutic schedules. Direct comparison of Praziquantel with potassium antimony tartrate indicated that treatment with the former drug allowed retention of a greater level of acquired resistance than the antimonial in the immediate post-treatment period. Resistance to reinfection in Hycanthone-treated mice was not restored by intravenous injection of S. mansoni eggs before challenge.

Topics: Animals; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Hycanthone; Immunity, Active; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Niridazole; Oxamniquine; Praziquantel; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomicides

When T-cell deprived CBA mice, infected with Schistosoma mansoni, were treated orally with potassium antimony tartrate, the reduction in size of their worm burdens was less than in similarly treated, immunologically-intact animals. The defect in deprived mice could be restored by the administration of serum obtained from S. mansoni-infected normal mice simultaneously with the drug, but by a different route. A serum component, probably immunoglobulin, obtained from rabbits which had been injected with an extract from S. mansoni adult worms was also found to act synergystically with the antimonial in the chemotherapeutic eradication of S. mansoni worms from immunologically intact mice.

Topics: Animals; Antilymphocyte Serum; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Immunoglobulins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred CBA; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; T-Lymphocytes

Left ventricular dysfunction had been reported in many patients suffering from schistosomal cor pulmonale. The nocuous agents affecting the left ventricle have not been defined. Antischistosomal therapy is suspected to contribute in the adverse effects on the myocardium, particularly antimonials and niridazole. In this study, the left ventricular performance was studied in 29 patients suffering from schistosomiasis before and 30 min after i.v. therapeutic dose of a tartar emetic. After the injection, the PEPI and PEPI/LVETI were increased, the LVETI was abbreviated, EF. was reduced, the LVEDP was raised, the peak dp/dt and the Vmax were reduced. Toxic effects of the T.E. on the myocardium and diminished contractility of the left ventricle were presumed to be caused by T.E. Other factors adversely affecting the myocardium in patients suffering from schistosomiasis cannot be excluded.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Heart Diseases; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Pulmonary Heart Disease; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Histamine; Humans; Hypertension, Portal; Liver; Liver Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Oxamniquine; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Humans; Niridazole; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomicides

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Bacterial Infections; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Klebsiella Infections; Male; Proteus Infections; Pseudomonas Infections; Schistosomiasis; Urinary Tract Infections

A study of Schistosoma haematobium egg counts was made in a community near Alexandria. This showed that the intensity of infection was similar to that which has been reported in some of the comparable surveys which have been made in sub-Saharan Africa. This finding highlights the need for further studies in defined communities of the pathogenicity of the infection. The egg counts of subjects who recalled treatment with tartar emetic within the last two years were similar to those who said they had never been treated. This suggests that the cost effectiveness of chemotherapeutic methods needs further evaluation.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Child; Child, Preschool; Egypt; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parasite Egg Count; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosomiasis; Sex Factors

Topics: Acetylcholine; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Brain; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Mice; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Time Factors

Topics: Adolescent; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosomes, Human; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic; Female; Humans; Isoniazid; Lymphocytes; Male; Mitosis; Niridazole; Peritonitis, Tuberculous; Phenytoin; Schistosomiasis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Optic Atrophy; Schistosomiasis; Visual Acuity

Cysteine produced a significant and progressive reduction in the toxicity of antimonyl potassium tartrate (APT) when the two substances were injected into mice and rabbits in ratios of APT to cysteine ranging from 1:1 to 1:3. The reduction in toxicity was highest with the 1:3 ratio. However, the combination of the two substances, especially in the ratio of 1:3, appreciably reduced the antischistosomal activity of APT both in vivo and in vitro.

Topics: Animals; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cysteine; Liver; Male; Mice; Rabbits; Schistosomiasis

Tartar emetic (potassium antimony tartrate) has been used since a long time as the drug of choice for the treatment of Bilharziasis in Egypt. This drug, though effective, has severe side effects. A newly synthesized trivalent antimony preparation (piperazine di-antimonyl tratrate) Bilharcid, has proved in animal experiments to be less toxic, more effective, and having little side effects. The drug was tried in various schemes on various age groups of patients infected with S. haematobium. Control cases were treated with tartar emetic. Urine analysis was done for the detection of living or dead ova before and after treatment. E.C.G., alkaline phosphatase, serum transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, and urea tests were done before and after treatment. Follow up studies were recorded for three months after treatment. Results are presented in the full text.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Child; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Evaluation; Egypt; Haplorhini; Heart; Humans; Liver; Male; Mice; Piperazines; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomicides; Urea; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Egypt; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Mice; Molecular Conformation; Rats; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomicides; Structure-Activity Relationship

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Bile; Feces; Half-Life; Haplorhini; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Liver; Myocardium; Piperazines; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomicides; Tartrates; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Haplorhini; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Pericardium; Piperazines; Radioactivity; Schistosomiasis; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cricetinae; Dogs; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Feces; Guinea Pigs; Intestinal Mucosa; Lethal Dose 50; Liver; Mice; Piperazines; Radioisotopes; Rats; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomicides; Spleen; Tartrates; Thyroid Gland

Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Biomedical Research; Clinical Enzyme Tests; D-Alanine Transaminase; Egypt; Humans; Schistosomiasis; Transaminases

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Drug Therapy; Humans; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Tartrates; Urinary Tract Infections

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Blood Sedimentation; Hematologic Tests; Pharmacology; Potassium; Rabbits; Research; Schistosoma japonicum; Schistosomiasis; Tartrates

The rate of uptake and elimination of antimony by both male and female schistosomes has been measured. It has been confirmed that the female schistosome is more susceptible to antimony therapy than the male since she absorbs more drug. The changes in location of the worms and the separation of the sexes following one or more injections of antimony potassium tartrate have been related to the different rates of uptake and elimination of the drug by the two sexes. The suppressive treatment of schistosomiasis is discussed in the light of these observations.

Topics: Animals; Anthelmintics; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Female; Male; Metabolism; Mice; Pharmacology; Research; Schistosoma; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Drug Therapy; Egypt; Radioisotopes; Radionuclide Imaging; Schistosomiasis; Sodium; Succinates; Succinic Acid; Tartrates; Toxicology

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; China; Data Collection; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis japonica; Tartrates

Topics: Animals; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Helminths; Liver; Mice; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Tartrates

Topics: Animals; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Emetine; Lung; Mice; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Tartrates

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Electrocardiography; Potassium; Schistosomiasis; Tartrates

Topics: Animals; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Blood Chemical Analysis; Pharmacology; Rabbits; Research; Schistosomiasis; Tartrates

Topics: Animals; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Catechols; Guinea Pigs; Mice; Pharmacology; Research; Schistosomiasis; Sodium; Sulfonic Acids; Tartrates; Toxicology

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis haematobia; Tartrates

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Organometallic Compounds; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis mansoni; Succimer

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Drug Interactions; Schistosomiasis; Thioxanthenes; Xanthones

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Drug Interactions; Miotics; Schistosomiasis; Thioxanthenes; Xanthones

Topics: Animals; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Lucanthone; Lung; Mice; Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosomiasis; Tartrates

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Electrocardiography; Glucose; Humans; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis japonica; Succinates

Topics: Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Child; Dwarfism; Humans; Infant; Schistosomiasis; Succinates

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Benzenesulfonates; Glycerol; Organometallic Compounds; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomicides

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis japonica; Tartrates

Topics: Administration, Oral; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis japonica; Tartrates

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis japonica

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Heart; Humans; Potassium; Schistosomiasis; Tachycardia; Tachycardia, Paroxysmal; Tachycardia, Ventricular; Tartrates; Ventricular Fibrillation

Topics: Adams-Stokes Syndrome; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Brugada Syndrome; Cardiac Conduction System Disease; Heart Block; Heart Conduction System; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis japonica; Ventricular Fibrillation; Ventricular Flutter

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Myocarditis; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Dental Calculus; Emetics; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis haematobia

Topics: Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Biomedical Research; Islands; Philippines; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis japonica

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Humans; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Benzenesulfonates; Electrocardiography; Heart; Organometallic Compounds; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Benzenesulfonates; Military Personnel; Organometallic Compounds; Schistosomiasis; Schistosomiasis japonica; United States

Topics: Animals; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Disease; Emetics; Ethiopia; Humans; Schistosoma; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Aged; Animals; Antimony; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Benzenesulfonates; Emetics; Humans; Organometallic Compounds; Schistosoma; Schistosomiasis