angiotensin-amide and Hypertension

Topics: Adult; Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensin II; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Male; Middle Aged

Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation promotes the development of cardiac fibrosis and heart failure. Clinical evidence demonstrates that MR antagonism is protective even when plasma aldosterone levels are not increased. We hypothesize that MR activation in macrophages drives the profibrotic phenotype in the heart even when aldosterone levels are not elevated. The aim of the present study was to establish the role of macrophage MR signaling in mediating cardiac tissue remodeling caused by nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, a mineralocorticoid-independent insult. Male wild-type (MRflox/flox) and macrophage MR-knockout (MRflox/flox/LysMCre/+; mac-MRKO) mice were uninephrectomized, maintained on 0.9% NaCl drinking solution, with either vehicle (control) or the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 150 mg/kg/d) for 8 wk. NO deficiency increased systolic blood pressure at 4 wk in wild-type L-NAME/salt-treated mice compared with all other groups. At 8 wk, systolic blood pressure was increased above control in both L-NAME/salt treated wild-type and mac-MRKO mice by approximately 28 mm Hg by L-NAME/salt. Recruitment of macrophages was increased 2- to 3-fold in both L-NAME/salt treated wild-type and mac-MRKO. Inducible NOS positive macrophage infiltration and TNFα mRNA expression was greater in wild-type L-NAME/salt-treated mice compared with mac-MRKO, demonstrating that loss of MR reduces M1 phenotype. mRNA levels for markers of vascular inflammation and oxidative stress (NADPH oxidase 2, p22phox, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, G protein-coupled chemokine receptor 5) were similar in treated wild-type and mac-MRKO mice compared with control groups. In contrast, L-NAME/salt treatment increased interstitial collagen deposition in wild-type by about 33% but not in mac-MRKO mice. mRNA levels for connective tissue growth factor and collagen III were also increased above control treatment in wild-type (1.931 ± 0.215 vs. 1 ± 0.073) but not mac-MRKO mice (1.403 ± 0.150 vs. 1.286 ± 0.255). These data demonstrate that macrophage MR are necessary for the translation of inflammation and oxidative stress into interstitial and perivascular fibrosis after NO deficiency, even when plasma aldosterone is not elevated.

Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Fibrosis; Heart; Hypertension; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Biological; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Phenotype; Receptors, Mineralocorticoid; Signal Transduction; Time Factors

To determine the validity of a single angiotensin sensitivity test as predictor of pregnancy-induced hypertension with special reference to the dietary sodium intake at the time of testing.. The angiotensin sensitivity test was successfully performed at 32 weeks' gestation in 104 women. In 90 of these women, the 24-h urinary sodium-creatinine ratio was known. Using an effective pressure dose of 10 ng/kg/min as the cutoff level, test characteristics were assessed in both the total population and after subdivision into a sodium restricted (n = 23) and an unrestricted diet group (n = 67).. The incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension was 13.4%. The number of positive angiotensin sensitivity tests was 7.5%. Test characteristics showed poor sensitivity (22.2%) and high specificity (94.8%); positive and negative predictive values were 40.0% and 88.7%, respectively. None of the sodium-restricted women was angiotensin sensitive. Sodium restriction did not have a significant influence on sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values of the test.. The angiotensin sensitivity test is not an appropriate screening test to predict hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. No significant effect of dietary sodium restriction was found.

Topics: Adult; Angiotensin Amide; Creatinine; Diet, Sodium-Restricted; Drug Resistance; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Incidence; Mass Screening; Parity; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Acute hypertensive damage to small arteries and arterioles in rats was induced by intravenous injections of Hypertensin. The in vitro immunological method of the agarose migration technique was used to demonstrate delayed-type autoimmunity against arterial vessel-wall antigens. By this technique the autoimmunity could be demonstrated for about 16 weeks after the acute hypertensive damage to the arterial vessels. The results of the autoimmunity were given as migration indices. These were lowest during the first 4-5 weeks after the damage to the vessels whereupon they showed higher and higher values, and finally the migration indices were identical with those of the control rats after about 16 weeks.

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Arteries; Arterioles; Autoantibodies; Cell Movement; Female; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Hypertension; Injections, Intravenous; Leukocytes; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

Acute hypertensive damage to arterial vessels was induced by intravenous injections of hypertension. The in vitro immunological method of the agarose migration technique was used for demonstration of delayed-type autoimmunity against arterial vessel-wall antigens following the damage of the arterial vessels. By means of this technique it was demonstrated that the migration indices from the rats with induced hypertension differed significantly from the control rats, P less than 0.005. This means that an autoimmunity of the delayed type had developed after the hypertensive damage to the arterial vessels. The autoimmunity was tissue specific.

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Arteries; Autoantigens; Autoimmune Diseases; Cell Migration Inhibition; Female; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Hypertension; Leukocyte Migration-Inhibitory Factors; Male; Rats

Anionic groups on cerebral arteriolar endothelium were localized using cationized ferritin (CF), and alterations in the distribution of these groups were documented in arterioles with increased permeability to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in angiotensin-induced acute hypertension. Normotensive animals showed a uniform distribution of anionic groups on the endothelial luminal plasma membrane when fixed or live vessels were reacted with CF. Anionic groups were localized at the mouth of pinocytotic vesicles in both preparations; however, only live cells demonstrated CF particles within vesicles, and the possibility that these represent pinocytosed CF particles cannot be ruled out. Cationized ferritin particles were not observed on the plasma membranes within interendothelial spaces in either of the preparations. Sixty percent of hypertensive animals with pressures over 200 mmHg showed increased arteriolar permeability to HRP. At 2.5 min, permeable arteriolar segments with active vesicular transport of HRP showed marked reduction or loss of CF binding. Capillaries and venules in the adjacent cortex and nonpermeable arterioles demonstrated linear endothelial CF binding similar to controls. Most permeable vessels of animals killed 6-20 min after onset of acute hypertension when the blood-brain barrier is usually closed showed CF binding on endothelium indicating that there is rapid restoration of the net negative charge. These studies demonstrate that increased arteriolar permeability in acute hypertension is associated with a transient alteration of surface charge. The mechanism by which charge is altered remains to be determined.

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Anions; Arterioles; Blood-Brain Barrier; Capillary Permeability; Cerebral Arteries; Endothelium; Female; Ferritins; Horseradish Peroxidase; Hypertension; Microscopy, Electron; Pinocytosis; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Venules

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensin II; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Middle Aged

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Blood Chemical Analysis; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Nephritis; Renin

Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Blood Pressure; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Ischemia; Kidney; Pharmacology; Skin Tests

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Biomedical Research; Hypertension; Pharmacology

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Pulse

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Renin

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Body Fluids; Electrolytes; Hypertension; Kidney

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Biological Transport; Hypertension; Kidney; Rats; Renin

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Hypertension; Norepinephrine; Phenylalanine; Schistosomiasis

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Health Services; Humans; Hypertension; Plasma; Renin

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensin II; Humans; Hypertension

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Venous Pressure

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Brain; Electroencephalography; Hypertension; Pituitary Hormones; Pituitary Hormones, Posterior

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Hypertension; Shock

Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Anaphylaxis; Angiotensin Amide; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypertension

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensin II; Blood Pressure; Hypertension; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensin II; Hypertension; Iodine; Radioisotopes

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Epinephrine; Humans; Hypertension; Norepinephrine; Peptones; Shock

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Essential Hypertension; Gene Expression Regulation; Hypertension

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Hypertension; Skin; Skin Tests

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Constriction, Pathologic; Disease; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Renal Artery; Renal Artery Obstruction; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensin II; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Vasopressins

Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin Amide; Blood Vessels; Disease; Humans; Hypertension; Renin; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Nephrectomy; Nephrosclerosis; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensin II; Hypertension; Research

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Rats; Renin

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Blood Pressure; Dogs; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Renin

Topics: Adrenal Cortex; Aldosterone; Angiotensin Amide; Hypertension; Kidney; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Body Fluids; Hypertension

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Electrolytes; Humans; Hypertension

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Dogs; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal

Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Hypertension

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensin II; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Fingers; Humans; Hypertension

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Blood Vessels; Hypertension; Veins

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Endopeptidases; Hydrolases; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Peptide Hydrolases; Rats; Renin

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Enzyme Inhibitors; Hypertension; Lyases; Oxidoreductases

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Renin-Angiotensin System

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Arteries; Constriction; Hypertension; Rabbits; Renal Artery; Renin

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Convulsive Therapy; Hypertension; Obstetrics; Peripheral Vascular Diseases; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Vascular Diseases

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Chlorothiazide; Hypertension

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessels; Hypertension

Topics: Angiography; Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Coronary Circulation; Coronary Vessels; Dogs; Hypertension; Life

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Humans; Hypertension; Patient Discharge; Rats; Renin

Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesiology; Angiotensin Amide; Hypertension

Topics: Aldosterone; Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensin II; Antihypertensive Agents; Catecholamines; Epinephrine; Hypertension; Norepinephrine; Secretory Rate; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Convulsive Therapy; Hypertension; Surgical Procedures, Operative

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Hypertension

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Hypertension; Kidney; Renin

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Forearm; Hypertension; Norepinephrine; Serotonin; Vasoconstrictor Agents

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Essential Hypertension; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Renin

Topics: Adrenalectomy; Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Hypertension; Kidney; Oxidoreductases; Rats; Renin

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Hypertension; Pressure; Research

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Diuresis; Diuretics; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Sodium

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Diuresis; Diuretics; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypertension; Kidney; Male; Sodium

Hypertensin has been assayed in the blood of patients with normal blood pressure and in those with essential hypertension in both the benign and malignant phases. 250 ml. samples of arterial blood were obtained, chemically purified, and concentrated to a volume of 1 ml. These extracts were then assayed in anesthetized rats. The concentrations of hypertensin in the blood of patients with the malignant phase of essential hypertension were found to be greatly increased. The concentrations of hypertensin found in patients with benign hypertension had a moderate degree of overlapping with those found in the normotensive group, but the mean concentration of hypertensin in the former group was twice that of the controls. Although these results are statistically significant, the amounts of hypertensin recovered in the benign group are so small that no conclusions can be drawn as to its effectiveness in producing vasoconstriction in these patients.

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensins; Animals; Blood Pressure; Essential Hypertension; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Rats

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Blood; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Dogs; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney; Kidneys, Artificial; Renal Dialysis

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensinogen; Angiotensins; Animals; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Dogs; Hypertension; Kidneys, Artificial; Renal Dialysis

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Angiotensinogen; Angiotensins; Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal; Kidney

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Hypertension; Liver; Liver Circulation; Lung; Renin

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Oxytocin; Pregnancy

Topics: Angiotensin Amide; Animals; Heart; Humans; Hypertension; Mammals; Renin