angiogenin and Cardiovascular-Diseases

Atherosclerosis and its consequences are the leading cause of mortality in the world. For this reason, we have reviewed atherosclerosis biomarkers and selected the most promising ones for review. We focused mainly on biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress, such as the highly sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). The microRNA (miRNA) and the usefulness of the bone mineralization, glucose, and lipid metabolism marker osteocalcin (OC) were also reviewed. The last biomarker we considered was angiogenin (ANG). Our review shows that due to the multifactorial nature of atherosclerosis, no single marker is known so far, the determination of which would unambiguously assess the severity of atherosclerosis and help without any doubt in the prognosis of cardiovascular risk.

Topics: 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Interleukin-6; Osteocalcin; Prognosis; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Risk Factors

Rheumatoid Disease (RD) is associated with increased rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Angiogenesis is central to RD, and well-recognized in CVD. We hypothesised that plasma levels of two indices associated with angiogenesis, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiogenin, would be higher among RD patients compared to healthy controls (HC), would relate to CVD risk factors, calculated 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke risk scores.. 144 clinic patients with established RD and 63 HC were recruited in a cross-sectional study. RD patients were grouped according to the presence (RD-CVD, n=73 or absence (non-CVD RD; n=71) of CVD risk factors. Angiogenin and VEGF levels were quantified by ELISA.. There were no significant differences for VEGF or angiogenin, between RD-CVD, non-CVD RD and HC groups (p=NS). Calculated risks for both CHD (p=0.017) and stroke (p=0.016) were higher when RD-CVD was compared to non-CVD RD and HC. Upon multivariate analysis, methotrexate use (p=0.006) and prior mycocardial infarction (MI) (p=0.034) were associated with higher angiogenin levels; body mass index (BMI) (p=0.034) and presence of RD (p=0.029) itself predicted lower levels. For RD patients, serum creatinine (p<0.001) and CRP levels, VEGF levels, and NSAID/COX2 inhibitor use (all p<0.05) were independently associated with CHD risk; plasma VEGF and serum creatinine levels were independently associated with stroke risk (p<0.05).. Although levels of angiogenin were not significantly different between HC and RD patients, RD may have some influence on their variation. Methotrexate use and prior MI predicted higher angiogenin levels, whilst levels of VEGF were negatively associated with 10-year CHD and stroke risk.

Topics: Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Rheumatic Diseases; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Risk Factors; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Low-grade inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension (PH) and target organ damage (TOD). We evaluated the profile of inflammatory mediators (CRP, RANTES, MIP-1beta, MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, IL-6, angiogenin, adiponectin) in 30 healthy children (12.7 +/- 3.3 years) and 44 patients with untreated PH (13.7 +/- 2.7 years; n.s). Patients had greater concentrations of CRP, MIP-1beta, and RANTES than controls (all p < 0.05). Children with metabolic syndrome (MS) had greater CRP than children without MS (p = 0.007) and CRP correlated with number of MS criteria, body mass index (BMI), visceral fat, deep subcutaneous fat assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), left ventricular mass index, and markers of oxidative stress. RANTES correlated with cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, ApoB, and ApoB/ApoA1. Angiogenin correlated with BMI, waist circumference, visceral fat, uric acid, and patients with cIMT>2SD had greater concentration of angiogenin than those with normal cIMT (p = 0.03). Adiponectin was lower in patients with cIMT>2SD than in those with normal cIMT (p = 0.02). No model explaining variability of TOD has been built. Elevated RANTES and MIP-1beta and normal IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels indicate a vascular inflammatory process. Lack of correlation between CRP and chemokines suggests that vascular inflammation in PH precedes the systemic inflammatory changes.

Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Chemokine CCL2; Chemokine CCL3; Chemokine CCL4; Chemokine CCL5; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Hypertension; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-6; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Poland; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic