amphotericin-b and Orthomyxoviridae-Infections

The IFITMs inhibit influenza A virus (IAV) replication in vitro and in vivo. Here, we establish that the antimycotic heptaen, amphotericin B (AmphoB), prevents IFITM3-mediated restriction of IAV, thereby increasing viral replication. Consistent with its neutralization of IFITM3, a clinical preparation of AmphoB, AmBisome, reduces the majority of interferon's protective effect against IAV in vitro. Mechanistic studies reveal that IFITM1 decreases host-membrane fluidity, suggesting both a possible mechanism for IFITM-mediated restriction and its negation by AmphoB. Notably, we reveal that mice treated with AmBisome succumbed to a normally mild IAV infection, similar to animals deficient in Ifitm3. Therefore, patients receiving antifungal therapy with clinical preparations of AmphoB may be functionally immunocompromised and thus more vulnerable to influenza, as well as other IFITM3-restricted viral infections.

Topics: Acetylcholine; Amphotericin B; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antigens, Differentiation; Biological Transport; Cell Fusion; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Chlorocebus aethiops; COS Cells; HeLa Cells; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Interferons; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nystatin; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; Sodium; Tetraethylammonium; Virus Internalization; Virus Replication

It was shown experimentally that polyenic antibiotics, i. e. amphotericin B and sodium levorin markedly increased the specific immunogenic properties and interferonogenic activity of inactivated influenza virus vaccine prepared with various methods from highly reproductive recombinants. The rate of pneumonia and death from influenza among the vaccinated mice treated with inactivated influenza virus vaccine and one of the polyenic antibiotics was lower than that among the animals treated with the vaccine alone (P less than 0.05). Correlation between the increase in the immunological response, the decrease in the virus reproduction rate in the lungs and addition of the antibiotics into the vaccine was also observed. It is recommended that inactivated influenza virus vaccine be used in conjunction with polyenic antibiotics.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Chick Embryo; Drug Synergism; Immunization; Immunization, Secondary; Influenza A virus; Influenza Vaccines; Interferon Inducers; Mice; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Vaccines, Attenuated; Virus Replication