amphotericin-b and Hodgkin-Disease

Visceral leishmaniasis has been recognized as an opportunistic infection affecting people with cellular-immunity impairment, including hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients. We describe the case of a young Italian man with Hodgkin lymphoma, who developed visceral leishmaniasis after multiple lines of chemotherapy and allogenic HCT. Literature review of visceral leishmaniasis in HCT recipients was also performed. Eleven patients (median age 50 years, 9 male) developed visceral leishmaniasis after allogenic (n = 9) and autologous (n = 2) HCT. Most of them presented with fever and pancytopenia. Bone marrow examination was the main diagnostic technique; liposomal amphotericin B was the treatment of choice. Four out of eight patients (for whom data are available) experienced visceral leishmaniasis relapse. Visceral leishmaniasis in HCT recipients is a rare event that should be suspected in patients with persistent fever, pancytopenia and possible exposure to Leishmania spp., remembering that - as well as South-East Asia, East Africa and South America - it is endemic in several European regions.

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antineoplastic Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Bone Marrow Examination; Fatal Outcome; Female; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Middle Aged; Opportunistic Infections; Recurrence

The authors report on a 14-year-old adolescent boy suffering of Hodgkin disease in remission, who developed autoimmune anemia and thrombopenia. He was treated with high-dose steroids and he developed serious invasive lung aspergillosis, which was treated with antifungal agents and surgical intervention. Children suffering from cancer are prone to develop systemic fungal infections secondary to the severe immunosuppression caused by the disease itself and the antineoplastic therapy. Intravenous antifungal medications and, when feasible, surgery are used for treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis. Factors related to better outcome are early diagnosis, remission of underlying disease, aggressive antifungal therapy, and recovery from neutropenia.

Topics: Adolescent; Amphotericin B; Anemia; Antifungal Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary; Bleomycin; Etoposide; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lung; Male; Prednisone; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic; Radiography; Vinblastine

An unusual central venous catheter (CVC)-related infection caused by Candida membranaefaciens in a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is described. Clinical signs and microbiological results observed in this case may support the hypothesis of an emerging CVC-related fungaemia, because of new azole-resistant yeast, successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin B. To date C. membranaefaciens (the teleomorph of Pichia membranaefaciens) has traditionally been considered non-pathogenic and this report seems to be the first case of systemic fungal infection. We believe that another fungus can be added to the list of opportunistic strains.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Candidiasis; Catheterization, Central Venous; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Opportunistic Infections; Prosthesis-Related Infections

Systemic mycosis caused by Cryptococcus neoformans frequently becomes life threatening in patients with cellular immunodeficiencies. In contrast to AIDS patients, there are only a few reports of concurrent systemic cryptococcosis in patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD). Only two of 75 (2.7%) patients with HD who were consecutively admitted to our hospital in the past decade developed Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Both had stage IVB (Ann Arbor) HD with bone marrow involvement and absolute lymphopenia (< 1/nl). We have reviewed the literature and analyzed the data of 54 cases with concurrent cryptococcosis and HD. Presence of HD for > or = 12 months, stage IV disease, absolute lymphopenia (< 1/nl), and extensive pretreatment were the most common features among these patients and must be regarded as predisposing for acquiring a cryptococcal infection. In our patients antimycotic therapy was successful using liposomal amphotericin B (lipAmB) simultaneously with cytotoxic therapy for HD. Drug level measurements performed in one patient revealed a higher level of amphotericin B in CSF when the liposomal formulation was administered as compared with the level in CSF after administration of conventional amphotericin B. To our knowledge, this is the first report on antimycotic treatment of cryptococcosis with lipAmB in patients with HD. Regarding the favorable therapeutic index of lipAmB as compared with conventional amphotericin B, the drug should be considered as a less toxic and perhaps more effective alternative in the therapy of acute cryptococcosis, especially when cytotoxic treatment is administered simultaneously.

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Opportunistic Infections

Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Amphotericin B; Aspergillosis; Blood Transfusion; Candidiasis; Cryptococcosis; Drug Therapy, Combination; Flucytosine; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Iron; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphoma; Mucor; Multiple Myeloma; Mycoses; Neutropenia; Rhizopus

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Brentuximab Vedotin; Cryptococcus neoformans; Dexamethasone; Flucytosine; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Cryptococcal; Middle Aged; Opportunistic Infections

Topics: Aged; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Bone Marrow; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus; Fluconazole; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male

Topics: Adolescent; Amphotericin B; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antiprotozoal Agents; Fever of Unknown Origin; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; India; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Treatment Outcome

Nervous system infections by Cryptococcus neoformans may occur not only in congenital or acquired immunodeficiency syndromes, but also in immunocompetent hosts. Neurological manifestations of C. neoformans infection include meningitis and, less commonly, parenchymal CNS granulomatous disease. This paper provides detailed clinical descriptions of highly unusual neurological manifestations of cryptococcal nervous system infections. Medical records and diagnostic data including magnetic resonance imaging, histopathology, serology, and CSF analysis were reviewed. A conus medullaris abscess was found in a patient infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A patient with Hodgkin's disease was diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis and dermatitis mimicking ophthalmic zoster. An immunocompetent patient presented with recurrent cerebral infarctions in the setting of cryptococcal meningitis. Cryptococcal infections of the nervous system can cause severe neurological disability when diagnosis is delayed. Sensitive and specific tests are readily available and should be considered when an unusual clinical presentation is encountered.

Topics: Abscess; Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Anticoagulants; Antifungal Agents; Brain; Central Nervous System Fungal Infections; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; HIV Infections; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Spinal Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Warfarin

This brief communication focuses on aspects of a recent case report (Yonsei Med J 2005;46:425-30) on a full and sustained remission of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) after a single day of chemotherapy. A septic episode required stopping chemotherapy and starting amphotericin B and acyclovir. Remission evidence was seen within days of starting these. A review of research supporting the notion that amphotericin B can reactivate latent Epstein-Barr virus and thus allow acyclovir to kill infected HL cells is given. Experimental work is required to confirm or refute this possibility. If successful, amphotericin B and acyclovir treatment could be extended to other EBV-driven cancers such as Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the occasional EBV-related epithelial cancer of the breast, colon, prostate, and others.

Topics: Acyclovir; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Burkitt Lymphoma; Drug Synergism; Ganciclovir; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Remission Induction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Virus Activation

This case report describes craniofacial zygomycosis in a 24-year-old male with Hodgkin's disease who underwent chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, followed by a nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplant. Empirical therapy with itraconazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate failed to resolve the infection. Postdiagnosis, surgery and treatment with high-dose liposomal amphotericin B eradicated the disease.

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Facial Pain; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Liposomes; Male; Mucormycosis; Rhizopus; Sinusitis; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Biopsy, Needle; Chronic Disease; Combined Modality Therapy; Debridement; Dermatomycoses; Follow-Up Studies; Fusarium; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome

Data on the use of combination of liposomal amphotericin B and caspofungin followed by voriconazole, as maintenance or further rescue treatment, in 10 patients with invasive mycosis are reported.. The diagnoses were acute leukemia (7), myelodysplastic syndrome (1) and Hodgkin's lymphoma (1). All patients developed an invasive mycosis (proven, 3; probable, 6; and possible, 1) refractory to first-line antifungal treatment (liposomal amphotericin B in all patients except one who received fluconazole).. Rescue therapy with a combination of caspofungin and liposomal amphotericin B was well tolerated, hypokalemia, and thrombophlebitis being the most common side-effects. Combination therapy was administered for a median of 17 d, range 6-40. Among the nine patients with proven or probable mycosis, one was not evaluated because of early death caused by massive hemoptysis whilst in the remaining eight patients, the response was classified as complete, stable and failure in four, three, and one patients, respectively. Complete response was also observed in patient with possible mycosis. Eight of nine patients received voriconazole for a median of 75 d, range 42-194. Voriconazole was well tolerated although some drug interactions were observed during treatment with methotrexate and digoxin. After a median follow-up of 125 d, nine of 10 patients are alive. Overall, a favorable response to antifungal treatment (including the case of possible mycosis) was obtained in eight of 10 patients.. These data suggest that medical antifungal treatment may be intensified in severely ill patients without significantly compromising patient safety. The combination of synergistic antifungal drugs as well as their sequential use warrants further investigation by a larger randomized controlled study.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus fumigatus; Caspofungin; Child; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Echinocandins; Female; Geotrichosis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute; Lipopeptides; Liposomes; Male; Mycoses; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Peptides; Peptides, Cyclic; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma; Pyrimidines; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome; Triazoles; Voriconazole

Pseudomembranous tracheobronchial aspergillosis coincident with systemic pulmonary aspergillosis represents a rare manifestation of fungal infection in immunocompromized hosts. We report on a patient with recurrent Hodgkin's disease, showing this infectious pattern after treatment with corticosteroids within the antineoplastic schedule, whereas neutropenia--the main risk factor for mold infections--had not occurred. An impaired number of helper T lymphocytes was merely detected as an additional, but hypothetical risk factor, when investigating the status of immunosuppression. Treated systemically with amphotericin B, the patient recovered quickly, although reported mortality rates are disastrous. What is crucial for the clinical management is an early diagnosis by bronchoscopy and cultural proof of the pathogen followed by an adequate antifungal treatment.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Aspergillosis; Bronchoscopy; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Middle Aged; Neutropenia; Opportunistic Infections; Tracheal Diseases

Systemic mycosis is among the most feared opportunistic infections in the immunocompromised host. Difficulty and delay in diagnosis and treatment often result in poor outcomes. In this communication a metastatically spreading form of subcutaneous aspergillosis developed in a patient with a history of allogeneic stem cell transplantation for relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma. Strikingly, necrotizing cutaneous papules or ulcerating lesions were absent. Diagnosis was accomplished after excision of a clinically non-suggestive subcutaneous nodule. Despite prompt initiation of antimycotic therapy the outcome was fatal; dosage of conventional and liposomal amphotericin B was limited due to treatment-related toxicities. This case report describes a novel form of aspergillosis and underlines the need for an aggressive diagnostic approach in severely immunocompromised patients.

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Aspergillosis; Bleomycin; Carmustine; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclophosphamide; Cytarabine; Dacarbazine; Deoxycytidine; Dexamethasone; Doxorubicin; Etoposide; Fatal Outcome; Gemcitabine; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Klebsiella Infections; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Melphalan; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Opportunistic Infections; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Pneumonia, Pneumocystis; Prednisone; Procarbazine; Salvage Therapy; Skin; Transplantation, Homologous; Vinblastine; Vincristine

Topics: Adult; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Cryptococcus neoformans; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Fluconazole; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Cryptococcal; Treatment Outcome

To determine the prevalence of aspergillosis in lymphoma patients housed in a protective environment while undergoing a bone marrow transplant or peripheral stem cell transplant and its relation to lymphoma type, type of transplant, period of neutropenia, method of diagnosis, species of Aspergillus, and the use of empiric amphotericin B.. Clinical, autopsy, and microbiology records were reviewed retrospectively to determine the presence or absence of invasive aspergillosis. All positive specimens underwent further review to determine parameters outlined above.. The review took place at the University of Nebraska Medical Center with lymphoma patients housed in the oncology/hematology special care unit, which consists of 30 single-patient rooms under positive pressure with high-efficiency particulate air filtration.. 417 lymphoma patients admitted to the oncology/hematology special care unit who underwent 427 courses of high-dose chemotherapy with or without total body irradiation followed by a stem cell rescue.. Twenty-two cases (5.2%) of nosocomial invasive aspergillosis (14 caused by Aspergillus flavus, 2 by Aspergillus terreus, 2 by Aspergillus fumigatus, and 4 by characteristic histology) were diagnosed. The prevalence of disease according to transplant was 8.7% for allogeneic bone marrow transplant (2/23 treatments), 5.6% for autologous peripheral stem cell transplant (9/161), and 4.5% for autologous bone marrow transplant (11/243). Fifteen patients were presumptively diagnosed prior to death (68.2%) most commonly by histologic examination of skin biopsies. All 22 patients received amphotericin B therapy, 17 prior to aspergillosis diagnosis, and 7 (31.8%) survived. No patient with disseminated disease survived.. Even when housing lymphoma patients undergoing myeloablative therapy in a protective environment containing high-efficiency particulate air filtration, there was a risk of developing aspergillosis. These data also showed that antemortem diagnosis with aggressive amphotericin B therapy was most effective in the management of infected lymphoma patients when engraftment occurred and the disease did not become disseminated.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Aspergillosis; Aspergillus flavus; Aspergillus fumigatus; Bone Marrow Transplantation; Combined Modality Therapy; Cross Infection; Hodgkin Disease; Hospitals, University; Humans; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Nebraska; Retrospective Studies; Stem Cell Transplantation

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis as a cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with haematological malignancies is becoming more common. Predisposing factors are powerful immunosuppressive chemotherapy, neutropenia and synergistic combinations of antibiotics of great potency and wide spectrum of activity. Clinical and radiological signs are heterogeneous, sometimes misleading and often absent. Treatment is often empirical on suspicion alone. Amphotericin B is the only effective drug but it has marked toxicity, mainly renal. Infection is usually fatal without adequate treatment. This paper describes eight cases of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis seen in one centre in two years, reviews the literature and assesses associated problems.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Leukemia; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography

Topics: Adolescent; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Antigens, Fungal; Child; Collagen Diseases; Cryptococcosis; Female; Flucytosine; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Ireland; Latex Fixation Tests; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Sarcoidosis; United Kingdom

Two cases of candidiasis occured in the stomach. The first is a case of disseminated candidiasis with stomach wall involvement. The patient had Hodgkin's disease and responded to chemotherapy and amphotericin B. The second is a case of superficial invasion of Candida in a stitch ulcer. Systemic and local factors influence growth of Candida in the stomach.

Topics: Aged; Amphotericin B; Candida; Candidiasis; Female; Gastritis; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Stomach Ulcer; Sutures

Infection with Histoplasma capsulatum in 58 patients whose immune responses were suppressed (Immunosuppressed patients) (16 from the present series and 42 described previously) was analyzed. The most common underlying diseases were Hodgkin's disease (29 per cent), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (19 per cent) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (17 per cent). Sixty-three per cent of the patients had received cytotoxic drugs, and 57 per cent had taken corticosteroids. Widely disseminated infection occurred in 88 per cent of the patients, with predominant involvement of lungs and organs of the reticuloendothelial system. Localized pulmonary infection was present in the remaining patients. The most useful diagnostic method was bone marrow biopsy with microscopic examination for the intracellular yeast form of H. capsulatum. Biopsy of oral lesions, lung, liver and lymph node also proved diagnostically helpful. Growth of H. capsulatum in culture was frequently too slow to be beneficial in diagnosing histoplasmosis in ill patients. Serologic methods were of little diagnostic help in this population of immunosuppressed patients. The response to amphotericin B therapy was excellent (6.7 per cent mortality rate) in those patients in whom the diagnosis was established early and in whom a full course of antifungal therapy could be given. In contrast, the mortality rate in patients who received no antifungal therapy or less than 1 g of amphotericin B was 100 per cent.

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Histoplasmosis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Kidney Transplantation; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Middle Aged; Pneumonia; Sarcoidosis; Transplantation, Homologous

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Female; Histoplasmosis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans

The clinical and pathological findings in 46 patients with cryptococcosis at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center from 1956 to 1972 are reported. The striking predilection for cryptococcal infection in patients with leukemias and lymphomas is again confirmed. Of 41 patients with neoplastic disease, those with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), Hodgkin's Disease, chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), myeloma and lymphosarcoma had the highest incidence of cryptococcosis. In all cases, neoplastic disease was widespread when infection occurred. All of these patients had leukopenia and absolute lymphopenia at the time of infection. Thirty-nine were on steroids. Thirty-one patients with neoplastic disease had disseminated infection. Review of pathology revealed a spectrum of inflammatory lesions. Histiocytic-lymphocytic infiltrates occurred in the central nervous system in 10 patients. In six cases, reaction was granulomatous. There were single instances of suppurative and fibrotic reactions. Mortality from infection was high in patients with neoplastic disease. Twenty-four of 28 deaths occurred within 60 days as a result of infection. Within one year, 10 more patients died, nine of cryptococcosis. Only three survived more than one year, and all patients died within 600 days. Twenty-nine patients with neoplastic disease received amphotericin B. Only nine survived more than 60 days.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antigens, Bacterial; Central Nervous System; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; Female; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lung; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Cryptococcosis; Cytosine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Flucytosine; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Meningitis

Topics: Amphotericin B; Ascites; Furosemide; Histoplasmosis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hypoproteinemia; Male; Middle Aged; Spironolactone; Splenomegaly

Five cases are described in which fear of the possibly hazardous effects of giving amphotericin to patients with kidney disease resulted in death from progressive infection by an amphotericin-sensitive fungus (Cryptococcus neoformans in three cases, Blastomyces dermatitidis in one case, and Histoplasma capsulatum in one case).

Topics: Adrenal Insufficiency; Adult; Amphotericin B; Attitude of Health Personnel; Blastomycosis; Cryptococcosis; Decerebrate State; Drug Prescriptions; Female; Histoplasmosis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Male; Medication Errors; Meningitis; Meningoencephalitis; Mycoses; Phobic Disorders; Sarcoidosis; Spinal Diseases

Topics: Amphotericin B; Autopsy; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; Cytosine; Fluorine; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pleura; Pleural Diseases; Pleural Effusion

Topics: Adult; Aged; Amphotericin B; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus; Diabetes Complications; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Sarcoidosis; Silicosis

Topics: Amphotericin B; Autopsy; Child; Chloramphenicol; Cryptococcosis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Salmonella Infections; Skin Manifestations; Spinal Diseases

Topics: Acute Disease; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Pericarditis; Young Adult

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antineoplastic Agents; Cryptococcosis; Drug Therapy; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Male; Pathology; Prostatitis

Topics: Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Candidiasis; Drug Therapy; Esophagoscopy; Esophagus; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Leukemia, Myeloid; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin; Multiple Myeloma; Neoplasms; Sarcoma

Topics: Amphotericin B; Brain Diseases; Cryptococcosis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Lymphocytes; Meningitis

Topics: Amphotericin B; Brain Diseases; Cryptococcosis; Hematologic Diseases; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Leukemia; Leukemia, Lymphoid; Meningitis

Topics: Amphotericin B; Biopsy; Candidiasis; Chlorambucil; Diagnosis, Differential; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Lung Diseases; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Pneumonia; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal; Prednisone; Radiography, Thoracic; Vancomycin

Topics: Agglutination; Amphotericin B; Animals; Antigens; Antigens, Fungal; Blood; Body Fluids; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus; Cryptococcus neoformans; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Hodgkin Disease; Latex Fixation Tests; Lung Diseases; Microspheres; Rabbits; Research; Rubber

Topics: Amphotericin B; Candida; Candidiasis; Hodgkin Disease; Humans; Meningitis