amphotericin-b and Atrophy

A new poly-aggregated form of amphotericin B was formulated as a non-microencapsulated form (P-AMB) or incorporated in albumin microspheres (MP-AMB) and compared with the conventional amphotericin B formulation (D-AMB). Mice were infected with Candida albicans and treated with two different intermittent dose regimens of the different amphotericin B formulations. Efficacy and toxicity were studied by the determination of survival rate, kidney colony-forming units counts, biochemical parameters and amphotericin B concentrations in plasma and organs. All the treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased the survival rate in relation to the untreated group, although non-statistically significant differences (P>0.05) were found between formulations and dosing regimens. All the treatments produced kidney toxicity, expressed by high urea levels. Kidney toxicity was especially significant for mice treated with the D-AMB formulation where unilateral kidney atrophy was observed in most of the mice, whereas most of the mice treated with P-AMB conserved both kidneys with a normal size and appearance. At 45 days post infection, variable distribution of amphotericin B in the body was obtained depending on the amphotericin B formulation. In conclusion, non-daily dosing regimens of P-AMB, which is less toxic than D-AMB, could be used as an alternative to the conventional D-AMB formulation to treat experimental candidiasis.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animal Structures; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Atrophy; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Female; Kidney; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Plasma; Survival Analysis

To report two cases of late endophthalmitis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei after cataract surgery.. Case reports, including clinical evaluation, direct examination, and culture of the aqueous humor.. In each case, samples from the anterior chamber had positive growth of yeasts with toruloid hyphae and pseudohyphae. Intravitreal and anterior chamber amphotericin B were used in both cases. Apparent clinical resolution was achieved, but after 3 months in one case and 6 months in the other the infection recurred more aggressively, with severe endophthalmitis leading to ocular atrophy.. E. jeanselmei causes a severe intraocular infection and isolation, and identification of the agent ensures proper diagnosis and treatment. After clinical resolution of the infection, careful and long-term follow-up is recommended to promptly detect relapse and immediately reintroduce treatment.

Topics: Aged; Amphotericin B; Anterior Chamber; Antifungal Agents; Atrophy; Cataract Extraction; Endophthalmitis; Exophiala; Eye; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Postoperative Complications; Recurrence

Topics: Adult; Amphotericin B; Atrophy; Craniotomy; Cryptococcosis; Humans; Male; Meningitis; Optic Chiasm; Optic Nerve; Vision Disorders

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Atrophy; Canada; Cerebellar Diseases; Cerebellum; Sheep; Sheep, Domestic; United Kingdom