amoxicillin-potassium-clavulanate-combination and Zoonoses

Leptospirosis is an anthropozoonose, an animal disease transmissible to humans, caused by a spirochete of the genus Leptospira that lives mainly among rodents but also in wetlands. It occurs worldwide, particularly in Asia, Latin America and Africa. In Europe, the incidence is small (except in France and Great Britain, where its frequency has increased in recent years) but the frequency may be underestimated. Some areas overseas are particularly affected. In France, the potential epidemic of leptospirosis is subject to climatic variations, justifying a constant monitoring of the disease provided by the National Reference Centre (CNR) of leptospires. Transmission to humans primarily occurs through contact with environments contaminated by the urine of infected animals. The disease can affect the liver and kidneys (hepatonephritis) as cytolysis, cholestasis and renal failure associated with fever. A coagulopathy usually accompanies the clinical table. Its diagnosis is difficult because of the clinical polymorphism. Early diagnosis of leptospirosis allows effective medical care, improving patient outcomes. This is currently based on gene amplification (PCR) or serology positive by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), which is the reference method. Its evolution is usually favorable with appropriate antibiotic treatment (aminopenicillin). However 5-10% of symptomatic patients have a severe multisystem defaillance. Nearly a century after the discovery of the causative agent, this zoonosis remains a public health problem, zoonosis priority in terms of virulence, its reporting is mandatory in our country. We report the case of a severe form of hepatonephritis due to water contaminated with Leptospira observed in Northern France.

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Disease Progression; Doxycycline; Fever; France; Humans; Immunologic Tests; Jaundice; Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae; Male; Occupational Diseases; Ofloxacin; Rats; Renal Dialysis; Sheep; Species Specificity; Water Microbiology; Water Pollution; Weil Disease; Zoonoses

Tularemia is an infectious zoonosis caused by

Topics: Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Ciprofloxacin; Diagnosis, Differential; Diptera; Female; Francisella tularensis; Gentamicins; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Insect Bites and Stings; Insect Vectors; Middle Aged; Tularemia; Zoonoses

The rare descriptions, in the literature, of ocular infections due to Pasteurella multocida include: endophtalmitis, keratitis and corneal ulcers, Parinaud's oculoglandular syndrome, and conjunctivitis. Here, we report a rare case of rapidly evolving conjunctivitis due to Pasteurella multocida, occurring after direct inoculation with animal droplets in an immuno-compromised host.. A 69-year-old, Caucasian male was referred to our department with purulent conjunctivitis, occurring five days after chemotherapy for an angioimmunoblastic-T-cell-lymphoma, and thirty-three hours after being struck in his right eye by his sneezing Dachshund dog. Physical examination revealed purulent conjunctivitis of the right eye associated with inflammatory edema of both lids. Direct bacteriological examination of conjunctival secretions showed gram-negative bacilli and regular, grey non-hemolytic colonies appearing the next day on blood agar. The oxidase test was positive for these colonies. An antibiotherapy associating intravenous amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanate was administered. The outcome was favorable in the next three days allowing discharge of the patient with amoxicillin (2 g tid per os).. This case report may be of interest for infectious diseases, ophthalmology or oncology specialists, especially nowadays with chemotherapy being administered in day care centres, where unusual home pathogens can be encountered in health related infections. In this case, previous animal contact and conjunctival samples showing Enterobacteriaceae like colonies with positive oxidase test were two important clues which could help clinicians to make the diagnosis of Pasteurella conjunctivitis in every day practice.

Topics: Aged; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Animals; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; Conjunctivitis, Bacterial; Dogs; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Infusions, Intravenous; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Male; Pasteurella Infections; Pasteurella multocida; Pets; Zoonoses